Okuqukethwe
Uma ungakabambi noma iyiphi i-Pokémon, kungenzeka ukuthi uyi-Pokémon. Cha, mhlawumbe lokhu kuyingxenye kakhulu. I-Pokémon ayitholakali. Kodwa akunakwenzeka neze ukumelana nesilingo sokuthola ukuthi kungani lo msebenzi wokuzilibazisa ubambe umhlaba wonke futhi yimiphi imiphumela ezoholela kuyo. Thina kwaPsychologies sinqume ukwanelisa ilukuluku lethu ngokuphendukela kochwepheshe bethu.
U-Adam Barkworth waseStockport, e-UK une-autism. Manje uneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu edlule akazange ashiye indlu futhi kuyaqabukela ejoyina umndeni etafuleni elivamile. Imisindo engalindelekile, ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, futhi ngokuvamile yonke into ephula umyalo ongaguquki ayewusungule ekamelweni lakhe, yabangela ukuhlaselwa kokukhathazeka ngisho nokuhlaselwa ukwesaba kuye.
Kodwa ekuqaleni kuka-August, u-Adamu wathatha i-smartphone waya epaki eliseduze ukuze abambe i-Pokemon. Futhi endleleni, waphinde washintshanisa amagama ambalwa (cishe ngokokuqala ngqá ekuphileni kwakhe!) Ngomfokazi - intombazane nayo eyahamba "yokuzingela". Unina ka-Adam, uJen, akakwazi ukuzibamba izinyembezi njengoba ekhuluma ngakho: “Lo mdlalo ungibuyisele indodana yami. Wabuyisela u-Adamu ekuphileni.”
Indaba ngo-Adamu ekhonjiswa ku-BBC TV, yajabulisa umhlaba wonke, futhi, cishe, yaba isikhangiso esengeziwe somdlalo we-Pokemon Go. Okuyinto, nokho, engakudingi ukukhangisa: abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 asebeyidlalile. Kukhona, kunjalo, izindaba eziningi ezinophawu oluphambene. Insizwa, ejatshuliswe ukuphishekela i-Pokemon, yashayiswa imoto, intombazane, umdlalo wayiletha osebeni lomfula owugwadule, yazithela endodeni egwilize ... Izinzuzo nezingozi ngokungangabazeki zikufanele ukuxoxisana. Kodwa okokuqala ngithanda ukuqonda ukuthi hlobo luni lomdlalo, okubuyisela ekuphileni futhi ukuphushela onqenqemeni lokufa.
Akukho okusha?
Okuxakayo ukuthi, akukho okusha ngokuyisisekelo ku-Pokemon Go. Yebo, ngokungafani neminye imidlalo yekhompiyutha, ayikukhuthazi ukuba ndikindiki phambi komqapha, kodwa umsebenzi womzimba: ukubamba i-Pokemon, kufanele ugijime emigwaqweni, futhi "uyichamusele" emaqandeni (kungenzeka lokho) - ukunqoba amakhilomitha amaningana. Kodwa akukho ukuvuleka lapha. "UNintendo, "umzali" wePokemon, ukhiphe ikhonsoli ye-Wii eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, eyenzelwe imidlalo esebenzayo: ukunyakaza komdlali endaweni yangempela kuhambisana nemicimbi ebonakalayo esikrinini," kusho u-Yerbol Ismailov, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esicwaninga ngokuthandwa I-Pokemon Go.
Kunzima ukuhlala ungekho lapho wonke umuntu omaziyo, vele uvule ikhompuyutha noma ifoni yakho, ulwela ukuziqhayisa ngempumelelo yabo yokubamba iPokemon.
Isibonelo, ukudlala ithenisi ku-Wii, udinga ukushwiba induku yokudlala njengerakhethi bese ulandela ukunyakaza komphikisi nebhola esikrinini. "Iqiniso elingathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona", elihlobene negeyimu i-Pokemon Go lisho ukubeka i-Pokemon ebonakalayo phakathi kwezinto ezingokoqobo ngokomzimba, nayo ayizange ivele izolo. Emuva ngo-2012, u-Niantic (umthuthukisi wezobuchwepheshe ophambili we-Pokemon Go) wakhulula umdlalo we-Ingress. “Sesivele sisebenzise inhlanganisela yezithombe ezimbili – izinto ezibonakalayo kanye nedatha evela kukhamera yocingo – ukuze kwakhiwe indawo yegeyimu,” kusho isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uNatalia Bogacheva, uchwepheshe wemidlalo yamakhompiyutha. “Mayelana nokuhambahamba edolobheni, omakhenikha bale midlalo emibili bacishe bafane.”
Futhi okuqukethwe komdlalo akukusha nhlobo. Imidlalo yamakhompiyutha namakhathuni aqukethe «izilo ephaketheni» (njengoba igama elithi pokemon limelela — elivela ephaketheni le-English monster) iye yakhululwa kusukela ngo-1996. Kodwa mhlawumbe lokhu kungenye yezimfihlo zempumelelo. “Ababukeli okubhekwe kubo kulo mdlalo yintsha engaphansi kweminyaka engu-30. Okusho ukuthi, labo nje ababhekana negagasi lokuqala le-Pokemon craze eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu edlule, - amanothi kaYerbol Ismailov, - futhi bawazi kahle umlando nendawo yonke yePokemon. Empeleni, umdlalo ukhanga isifiso sabo sobuntwana. "
Singakhohlwa izinkundla zokuxhumananamuhla esebenza njengendawo yokuhlala yemvelo yethu njengomhlaba wangempela. Okokuqala, kunzima ukuhlala ungekho lapho bonke abangani bakho, umuntu kufanele avule ikhompuyutha noma ifoni kuphela, elwela ukuziqhayisa ngempumelelo yabo ekubambeni iPokemon. Futhi okwesibili, impumelelo yethu emdlalweni ngokushesha ikhulisa igunya lethu ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombe ezithathwe ngekhamera ye-smartphone ye-cartoon Pokemon endaweni yangempela zibukeka zihlekisa kakhulu futhi ziqoqa "ukuthandwa" okuningi. Okubi, ngendlela, ukuvuselela.
Okuhlangenwe nakho Okufanelekile
Enye incazelo yokuthandwa komdlalo, ngokusho kukaNatalia Bogacheva, ibhalansi etholakalayo yobulula nobunkimbinkimbi: “Umdlalo empeleni awudingi ukufundwa. Okuwukuphela kwento engase ibonakale inzima ekuqaleni «ukuphonsa» amabhola ogibe («Pokeballs»). Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo kuzodingeka wazi amaqhinga namaqhinga amaningi.
Kutholakala ukulingana phakathi kwamakhono akhulayo kanye nemisebenzi edinga ukubhekwana nayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umdlali ucwiliswa esimweni "sokugeleza" - ukumuncwa okuphelele, lapho silahlekelwa umuzwa wesikhathi, sincibilika kulokho esikwenzayo, kuyilapho sinomuzwa wenjabulo nokwaneliseka.
Umqondo "wokugeleza" njengokuhlangenwe nakho okuphelele kwengqondo kwethulwa isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uMihaly Csikszentmihalyi1, futhi abacwaningi abaningi baye baqaphela ukuthi isifiso sokuzwa lesi simo ngokuphindaphindiwe singenye yezisusa eziyinhloko zabalandeli bemidlalo yekhompyutha. U-Yerbol Ismailov uyavumelana nalokhu: “Lapho ebamba i-Pokemon, umdlali uba nokwanda okungokomzwelo, cishe injabulo.” Le njabulo ithuthukiswa umsebenzi womzimba odingekayo kulo mdlalo: umthwalo ukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-endorphin - ihomoni yenjabulo.
Impendulo eyodwa yezicelo ezintathu
Ngakho-ke, kunezizathu eziningi zokuthakasela okujwayelekile ngePokemon. Lokho cishe bonke basebenzela noma yimuphi umdlalo uma kuziwa kubantu abadala. “Manje sesichitha isikhathi esingakaze sibe khona emidlalweni uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izinkathi zomlando,” kusho isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo u-Yevgeny Osin. - Ungakuchaza kanjani? Uma sikhumbula «iphiramidi yezidingo» kaMaslow, khona-ke isekelwe ezidingweni zezinto eziphilayo: indlala, ukoma ... Ngaphambili, abantu babechitha isikhathi esiningi namandla abo ekwaneliseni. Manje lezi zidingo emazweni asethuthukile kulula kakhulu ukwanelisa, futhi nezidingo ezingokwengqondo ziya ngokuya zibaluleka. Umdlalo ungaba yimpendulo yesicelo sezengqondo.”
Enye yezinkolelo-mbono zokugqugquzela ikhomba izidingo ezintathu eziyinhloko ezingokwengqondo, U-Evgeny Osin uyaqhubeka. “Emcabangweni wokuzibusa, isidingo sokuqala wukuzimela, wukuzikhethela. Isidingo sesibili ikhono, ukuphumelela kokuthile, ukuzuza okuthile. Futhi okwesithathu isidingo sokuxhumana nabantu, ekuxhumaneni nabanye abantu.
Kungase kuthathe iminyaka yokuzithuthukisa ukuze ube nekhono, uphumelele kakhulu kunabanye. Umdlalo unamasonto anele, noma izinsuku
Akuwona wonke umuntu ongahlangabezana nalezi zidingo. Eqinisweni, ngokwesibonelo, asikwenzi esikufunayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba singaphansi kwesidingo noma umuzwa wesibopho. Futhi emdlalweni, singakha umhlaba wethu futhi senze kuwo ngendlela esithanda ngayo. Kungase kuthathe iminyaka yokuzithuthukisa ukuze ube nekhono, uphumelele kakhulu kunabanye kokuthile. Umdlalo unamasonto anele, noma izinsuku. "Umdlalo wakhiwe ngamabomu ngendlela yokuthi isidingo sokuphumelela sihlala saneliswa: uma imisebenzi iba nzima kakhulu noma ilula kakhulu, ngeke kube mnandi ukuyidlala," kuphawula u-Evgeny Osin, esibuyisela embonweni. of flow: inkimbinkimbi enjalo nje yemisebenzi isemikhawulweni yamakhono ethu, kodwa ayikho ngaphandle kwayo - futhi idala isimo sokugeleza.
Ukulingana kwamathuba
Omunye angase aqaphele ukuthi imidlalo yevidiyo ayifaki isandla ekuxhumaneni nganoma iyiphi indlela - futhi ngaleyo ndlela iveze ukuhlehla kwayo. Yebo, imidlalo yayivame ukuhilela isizungu esigxilile. Kodwa lokho kwenzeka esikhathini esidlule. Namuhla, imidlalo yabadlali abaningi eku-inthanethi ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuxhumana. Ukujaha izitha ezibonakalayo (noma ukubabalekela), abadlali bahlala bexhumana ukuze bakhe isu elilungile. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuxhumana kuphenduka kube okwangempela, futhi hhayi nje ubungane.
Ngokwesibonelo, abadlali asebephenduke osomabhizinisi bazimisele kakhulu ukuqasha “ozakwabo” emaqenjini emidlalo2. Umdlalo ohlangene unikeza ithuba lokuhlola amakhono okudlala hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuthembeka, umthwalo wemfanelo, ubuhlakani bozakwethu. Kunezinye izici ezinhle ekuthandweni kwemidlalo. Isibonelo, igeyimu isula imikhawulo yobulili neminyaka yobudala. “Intombazane ebuthaka noma ingane eneminyaka eyishumi empeleni ayikwazi ukulwa namadoda aqinile,” kuphawula uYerbol Ismailov. "Kodwa emhlabeni obonakalayo bangakwazi, futhi lokhu kuyisikhuthazo esengeziwe sokudlala." U-Natalia Bogacheva uvumelana nalokhu: “Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amakhono okuvula indawo, njengokuma kwebalazwe noma ukuzungeza ingqondo kwezinto ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu, athuthuke kakhulu emadodeni kunakwabesifazane. Kodwa umdlalo uyavala noma uvala lelo gebe.”
Abadlali asebephenduke osomabhizinisi bazimisele kakhulu ukuqasha “ozakwabo” emaqenjini amageyimu
Okokugcina, sonke sidinga ukuthatha ikhefu eqinisweni ngezinye izikhathi. "Lesi sidingo sinamandla, umthwalo omkhulu we-psyche ekuphileni kwansuku zonke," kusho uNatalia Bogacheva. "Intsha iphila ngaphansi kwezimo zokungaqiniseki okuphezulu (lapho kungenakwenzeka ukubikezela inkambo yezenzakalo noma imiphumela yezinqumo zabo) kanye nomthwalo omkhulu wolwazi, futhi izwe lePokemon lilula futhi licacile, linemigomo ecacile yokuphumelela futhi izindlela zokuyifinyelela, ngakho ukucwiliswa kukho kungaba yindlela yokukhulula ingqondo.” .
Hhayi izinzuzo kuphela
Kuvele ukuthi sinesidingo esiphuthumayo somdlalo, futhi iku-Pokemon Go. Yiziphi izinto ezinhle nezimbi ezibonwa yizazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ekuhlaselweni kwePokemon?
Ngama-pluses, konke kubonakala kucacile. Umdlalo uphendula isifiso sethu sokukhetha, ukuba nekhono kanye nokuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Pokemon Go ilungele umzimba wethu, izazi eziningi zokudla zincoma lo mdlalo njengendlela ephumelelayo yokushisa ama-calories. Futhi yiziphi izinkinga?
Ingozi yokulimala (okungukuthi, masibe nenhloso, kukhona, noma uwela umgwaqo ngaphandle kokujaha i-Pokémon). Ingozi Yokulutheka (engase futhi yakhelwe maqondana nanoma yimiphi imidlalo, futhi hhayi kubo kuphela). "Uma umdlalo uba indawo yokuphuma kumuntu, okuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele inhlalakahle yengqondo futhi uthole amandla okuphila, khona-ke lokhu kunomphumela wokwelapha," kusho u-Evgeny Osin. “Kodwa lapho lokhu kuwukuphela kwendlela yokwanelisa izidingo, ezidudula zonke ezinye izici zokuphila, khona-ke lokhu, yebo, kubi. Khona-ke ukungqubuzana neqiniso kuya ngokuya kubangela ukukhungatheka nokucindezeleka. Sekuyalutha.»
Kodwa-ke, njengoba uNatalia Bogacheva ephawula, ukuluthwa komdlalo wekhompiyutha kwenzeka kuphela ku-5-7% wabadlali futhi ngokwezilinganiso ezingenathemba kakhulu akudluli u-10%, futhi kuvame ukubonwa kulabo abathambekele ekuziphatheni okuluthayo.
Ukulutha kwemidlalo yekhompyutha kwenzeka kuphela ku-5–7% wabadlali, futhi ngokuvamile kulabo abathambekele ekuziphatheni okuluthayo.
Isikhali esiyimfihlo sama-manipulators?
Kepha kunengozi eyodwa ehlotshaniswa ne-Pokemon Go kuphela. Lo mdlalo ulawula izenzo zabantu emhlabeni wangempela. Futhi sikuphi isiqinisekiso sokuthi ngeke isetshenziswe abakhohlisi, ake sithi, ukuhlela izibhelu?
Kodwa-ke, uNatalia Bogacheva ubheka le ngozi engeyimbi kakhulu. "I-Pokemon Go ayiyona ingozi kunezinye izinhlelo eziyishumi nambili ezitholakala kuwo wonke ama-smartphone," uqinisekile. - Umdlalo awukuvumeli ukusebenzisa izindlela ezingaphakathi kwegeyimu kuphela ukuthumela abantu abaningi endaweni ethile ethile ngaphandle kokubazisa kusengaphambili. ngenye indlela. Ngeke kusize izithiyo ezisabalalisayo noma i-Pokemon engavamile - azikwazi ukubonakala ukude, ngoba irediyasi yokubuka ehlinzekwe emdlalweni icishe ibe ikhilomitha ukusuka endaweni lapho umdlali ekhona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo lapho ungabamba khona i-Pokemon futhi usebenzise izinto zegeyimu inkulu ngokwanele ukuze (okungenani enkabeni yeMoscow, lapho ngakwazi khona «ukuzingela» kancane) ungazifaki engozini. Ngendlela okuyo njengamanje, umdlalo awuzibambi izingozi, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, uxwayisa ngazo.”
indawo yomngcele
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule umhlaba wasangana nge-Angry Birds.. Futhi-ke bacishe bakhohlwa ngakho. Cishe, isiphetho esifanayo silindele i-Pokémon. Kodwa kusenomehluko owodwa obalulekile. I-Pokemon Go iyisinyathelo esibheke ekuhlanganiseni okungokoqobo okungokoqobo nokubonakalayo. Kuyoba yini okulandelayo, akekho ongabikezela namuhla, kodwa nakanjani bayoba. Kukhona kakade izigqoko zokuzivikela ezisivumela ukuba sibe phakathi kwekamelo elingenalutho ngokuqiniseka okugcwele ukuthi sisogwini lolwandle noma ekujuleni kwehlathi. Futhi usuku lapho imishini enjalo izoba yinqwaba ayikude. Kanye nokungabaza ukuwakhipha ukuze abuyele ekamelweni elingenalutho. Futhi, mhlawumbe, sekuyisikhathi sokuba izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zicabange ngalokhu namuhla.
1 M. Csikszentmihalyi “Flow. I-Psychology yesipiliyoni esilungile ”(Alpina non-fiction, 2016).
2 J. Beck, M. Wade Indlela isizukulwane sabadlali abasishintsha ngayo unomphela imvelo yebhizinisi” (Pretext, 2008).