Okuqukethwe
- Ukuvuselela ama-ovarian: isinyathelo sokuqala
- I-Artificial insemination: indlela endala yokusiza ukuzala
- I-IVF: Ukukhulelwa ngaphandle komzimba womuntu
- I-Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): enye indlela ye-IVF
- Ukwamukela imibungu: indlela engavamile ukusetshenziswa
- Kuvidiyo: Testimonial - kusizwa ukukhiqiza kabusha kwengane
Ukukhiqiza Okusizwa Ngezokwelapha (I-PMA) yenziwe ngu umthetho we-bioethics ka-July 1994, elungiswe ngo-July 2011. Kuboniswa lapho umbhangqwana ubhekene ” ubunyumba obufakazelwe ngokwezokwelapha Noma ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwesifo esibi enganeni noma kwelinye lamalungu ombhangqwana. Kade inwetshiwe ngoJulayi 2021 kwabesifazane abangashadile nabashadile, abakwazi ukuthola usizo lokuzala ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo nezezithandani ezinobulili obuhlukile.
Ukuvuselela ama-ovarian: isinyathelo sokuqala
La ukuvuselelwa kwe-ovarian yisiphakamiso esilula futhi esivame ukuba yisiphakamiso sokuqala kumbhangqwana onezinkinga zokuzala, ikakhulukazi ezimeniukungabikho kwe-ovulation (i-anovulation) noma i-ovulation engavamile kanye / noma izinga eliphansi (dysovulation). Ukugqugquzelwa kwe-Ovarian kuhlanganisa ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa ngama-ovari enani lama-follicle avuthiwe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela uthole i-ovulation yekhwalithi.
Udokotela uzoqale anikeze ukwelashwa ngomlomo (i-clomiphene citrate) ezothuthukisa ukukhiqizwa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-oocyte. Lawa maphilisi athathwa phakathi kosuku lwesibili nolwesithupha lomjikelezo. Uma ungekho umphumela ngemva kwemijikelezo eminingana, iumjovo we-hormone bese kuyaphakanyiswa. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokuvuselela i-ovarian, ukuqapha kwezokwelapha kuyanconywa ngokuhlolwa okufana nokuskena kwe-ultrasound nokuhlolwa kwamahomoni ukuze kuqashwe imiphumela futhi ngokunokwenzeka kulungiswe imithamo (ukugwema noma iyiphi ingozi ye-hyperstimulation, kanye nemiphumela engemihle engathandeki. ).
I-Artificial insemination: indlela endala yokusiza ukuzala
THEinsemination indlela endala kakhulu yokuzala ngosizo lwezokwelapha kodwa futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinkingeni zokungatholi abantwana kwabesilisa kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-ovulation. Ukuzalanisa ngokwenziwa kuhlanganisa ukufaka idiphozithi isidoda esiswini sowesifazana. Kulula futhi akunabuhlungu, lokhu kusebenza akudingi ukulaliswa esibhedlela futhi kungaphindaphindwa emijikelezweni eminingana. Ukufakwa kwembewu yokufakelwa kuvame ukundulelwa ukugqugquzelwa kwe-ovulation.
I-IVF: Ukukhulelwa ngaphandle komzimba womuntu
La in vitro fertilization (IVF) iyatuswa ezimeni zokuphazamiseka kokuphuma kweqanda, ukuvinjwa kweshubhu noma, emadodeni, uma isidoda esinyakazayo singanele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ama-oocyte (i-ova) kanye nesidoda (spermatozoa) ukuthintana ngaphandle komzimba wesifazane, endaweni evumela ukuphila kwazo (elabhorethri), ngenhloso yokuthi kokukhulelwa. Ezinsukwini ezintathu ngemva kokuqoqwa kwamaqanda, umbungu otholakala ngaleyo ndlela ufakwa esibelethweni sikamama ozozala.
Izinga lempumelelo licishe libe ngu-25%. Inzuzo yale nqubo: yenza kube nokwenzeka "ukukhethwa" kwekhwalithi engcono kakhulu ye-spermatozoa ne-ova, ngenxa yokulungiswa kwe-spermatozoa kanye nokugqugquzela okungenzeka kwe-ovarian. Futhi lokhu, ukuze kwandiswe amathuba kokukhulelwa. Lokhu kwelashwa ngezinye izikhathi kubangela ukukhulelwa okuningi, ngenxa yenani lemibungu (emibili noma emithathu) efakwe esibelethweni.
I-Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): enye indlela ye-IVF
Enye indlela yokukhulelwa kwe-in vitro umjovo we-intracytoplasmic sperm (ICSI). Iqukethe i-microinjection yesidoda ku-cytoplasm a i-oocyte ekhulile usebenzisa i-micropipette. Le nqubo ingase ikhonjiswe lapho kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwe-in vitro fertilization (IVF) noma lapho isampula elivela kumasende lidingeka ukuze uthole ukufinyelela esidodeni. Izinga layo lempumelelo lilinganiselwa ku-30%.
Ukwamukela imibungu: indlela engavamile ukusetshenziswa
Le ndlela yokusiza ukuzala ihilela ukufakwa esibelethweni umbungu ovela kubazali abanikelayo. Ukuze uzuze kulokhu kudluliselwa kwemibungu eqandisiwe enikelwe ngokungaziwa umbhangqwana wona owenziwe i-ART, umbhangqwana ngokuvamile uhlushwa ukungazali okuphindwe kabili noma izingozi zokudluliselwa kwesifo esaziwayo sofuzo. Futhi, imizamo evamile yokuzala ngosizo lwezokwelapha isivele izanyiwe futhi yehlulekile.