Ukuvela kwezinduna emakhaleni kujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi phakathi neminyaka yentsha lapho kungenxa yezinduna. Ezinye izifo zesikhumba noma izimo kungadala ukuthi izinduna noma izilonda zivele ekhaleni.

Izinduna zibhekisa ezinhlotsheni eziningana zezilonda ku-dermatology. Lokhu kungaba ama-pustule (izinduna ezinamakhanda amhlophe), ama-papules (izinduna ezibomvu), ama-cysts, amaqhubu (izigaxa ezibomvu) noma izilonda ezahlukahlukene. Izinduna ezisemakhaleni ngakho-ke zingaba nokubukeka okuhlukahlukene kuye ngesikhumba esikhulunywa ngaso.

Impumulo yindawo lapho kuvela khona izinduna njalo. Isikhumba samakhala siyazwela, sivezwe imvelo (ukungcoliswa, uthuli, njll.) Futhi siyindawo yokukhiqizwa kwe-sebum ebalulekile.

Imvamisa, izinduna emakhaleni ziyizilonda zomqubuko: ama-comedones (ama-blackheads) emaphikweni ekhaleni, ama-pustules noma ama-papules. Zingabekwa zodwa, kepha imvamisa umuntu onezinduna emakhaleni ubuye abe nazo ebunzini, esilevini, noma ebusweni bonke.

Uma kwenzeka kunezinduna ezitholakala kuphela emakhaleni, kudingeka ukubonisana nodokotela wesikhumba. Ngokuvamile, noma yikuphi ukuqubuka okusha, noma ngaphandle komkhuhlane, kufanele kuholele ekubonisaneni, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.

Ngokuya ngecala, izinkinobho zingahambisana nalokhu:

• ubuhlungu;
• ukuvuvukala;
• noma ukulunywa.

Imvamisa, izinduna emakhaleni ziyizinduna. Izinduna yi-dermatosis ejwayelekile ngokweqile, ethinta amazinga ahlukahlukene angama-80% wezingane ezisencane, futhi cishe nekota yabantu abadala (ikakhulukazi abesifazane). Isikhungo sobuso "sihlosiwe" esivamile sezinduna, ikakhulukazi endaweni yamaphiko ekhaleni.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomqubuko:

• induna papulopustular: lesi isethulo esivame kakhulu, sihlanganisa ama-microcysts nama-papules, kanye nama-comedones (ama-blackheads) nama-pustules;
• induna eguqukayo: izilonda ezingezona ukuvuvukala, ezihlanganisa ama-comedones nama-microcysts. Imvamisa kuyindaba yezinduna ezisencane;
• i-nodular noma i-conglobata acne, kanye ne-fulminans acne: lezi yizinhlobo ezinzima nezingapheli zomqubuko, ezibonakala ngokuba khona kwamaqhuqhuva okuvuvukala (ubuso nesiqu). Amathumba noma amafistula angakha. Izilonda ziningi futhi azitholakali ekhaleni kuphela;
• induna yomsebenzi: okubangelwa ukuchayeka emikhiqizweni ethile efana nowoyela wamaminerali, uwoyela ongahluziwe, okuphuma kwetiyela yamalahle, izibulala-zinambuzane, njll.

Izilonda ezitholakala emakhaleni zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuthomba. Lapho usumdala, izinduna zithinta kakhulu ubuso obuphansi.

Ezinye izinhlobo zesifo sesikhumba zingadala izilonda emakhaleni.

Kungaba:

• insumpa (isilonda esidalwa yi-human papillomavirus), esifana nentambo noma isicaba;
• i-rosacea;
• i-papulopustular rosacea;
• ukusetshenziswa kwezimonyo ezisezingeni eliphansi;
• amabala, ama-moles, i-nevus, izilonda zesikhumba (ngisho ne-melanoma) noma ama-cysts nazo zingavela ekhaleni;
• ukulunywa yizinambuzane;
• noma ngisho nokungezwani komzimba nesikhumba.

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane, okwenzeka kakhulu ebuntwaneni, nakho kungadala izinduna ebusweni. Lokhu ngokwesibonelo icala le-chickenpox.

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilonda, inkambo iyahlukahluka kuye ngesizathu nezici ezahlukahlukene (iminyaka, ukuchayeka elangeni, ukwelashwa, njll.). Lokho kusho ukuthi, induna isezimweni eziningi i-dermatosis emnene, kepha ingakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (bese incipha kaningi). Izimvukuzane noma i-nevi, uma zishintsha ukuma, umbala noma ziba buhlungu, kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi babhekwe njalo ngudokotela wesikhumba.

Ekugcineni, phawula ukuthi izinduna ezisemakhaleni, maphakathi nobuso, azibukeki futhi zingaba yingcindezi kubantu abahlushwa yizo. Zingaba buhlungu, zitheleleke futhi zishiye izibazi, okuyinkinga enkulu.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezitholakala ngokulwa nezinduna. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho embalwa elula ukuvikela ukuthi izilonda zingatheleleki:

• gwema ukuphatha izinduna, engcupheni yokuziqinisa nokuqinisa induna;
• sebenzisa imikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka efanele isikhumba esine-acne (non-comedogenic);
• ukuvimbela ukuhlanzwa okuphindaphindiwe ngamafutha otshwala noma ama-antiseptic;
• kwabesifazane, susa izimonyo njalo ebusuku ukuvimbela ukuthi izimbotshana zingavinjani;
• sebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwelanga okulungele umqubuko noma isikhumba esihlanganayo (ilanga linciphisa ukuvuvukala okwesikhashana kepha lilandelwa ukuqhuma kwezinduna ekwindla);
• asikho isifundo sesayensi esisungule ngokusobala ukuxhumana phakathi kokudla nezinduna okwamanje.

Imikhiqizo ethile yemvelo (zinc, uwoyela wetiye…) ingasebenza ngempumelelo ekulweni nezinduna.

Ehlangothini lama-creams nezidakamizwa, imikhiqizo eminingana ingasetshenziswa, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu be-acne kanye nohlobo lwesilonda. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa nokugcinwa kwe-sebum kanye nokunciphisa ukusabela kokuvuvukala.

Uma kwenzeka kunezinduna eziphakathi nendawo kuya kokulingene, udokotela wesikhumba uzonquma ukwelashwa kwasendaweni:

• ukhilimu osuselwa ku-retinoin;
• ukhilimu osuselwa ku-benzoyl peroxide;
• ama-antibiotics wendawo;
• i-azelaic acid ijeli noma ukhilimu.

Uma kwenzeka kukhona induna ebanzi (ubuso bonke, emuva) ama-antibiotics omlomo, ama-hormone (izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo noma izindlela zokulwa ne-androgen) noma ukwelashwa okunamandla kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi kungabekwa.

Uma izinduna emakhaleni kungezona izinduna, udokotela wesikhumba uzophakamisa ezinye izixazululo eziguqulwe lesi sifo. Lokhu kungaba okhilimu be-corticosteroid, i-laser treatment, i-ablation (uma kwenzeka imvukuzane ecasulayo ngokwesibonelo), noma i-anti-wart treatment. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka ngegciwane, izinkinobho zinyamalala ngokuzenzekelayo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.