Izinduna esilevini nasebusweni obuphansi zivamile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala abajwayele ukuba nezinduna. Amanye ama-dermatoses noma izimo kungadala ukuvela kwezinduna noma izilonda esilevini.

Ngokuvamile, izinduna esilevini yizilonda zomqubuko: ama-comedones (ama-blackheads), ama-pustulete noma ama-papules angavamile. Izinduna ezindala zivame ukutholakala ebusweni obuphansi, okungukuthi isilevu nomhlathi, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane.

Kodwa-ke, izinduna ziveza izinhlobo eziningana zezilonda ku-dermatology. Lokhu kungaba ama-pustule (izinduna ezinamakhanda amhlophe), ama-papules (izinduna ezibomvu), ama-cysts, amaqhubu (izigaxa ezibomvu) noma izilonda ezahlukahlukene. Izinduna esilevini zingaba nokubukeka okuhlukahlukene kuye ngesikhumba esikhulunywa ngaso.

Uma kwenzeka izinduna zivele ngokuzumayo esilevini, kudingeka kuboniswane nodokotela wesikhumba. Ngokuvamile, noma yikuphi ukuqubuka okusha, noma ngaphandle komkhuhlane, kufanele kuholele ekubonisaneni, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.

Ngokuya ngecala, izinkinobho zingahambisana nalokhu:

• ubuhlungu;
• ukuvuvukala;
• ukulunywa.

Ngokuvamile, izinduna esilevini ziyizinduna. Izinduna yi-dermatosis ejwayelekile ngokweqile, ethinta amazinga ahlukene angama-80% wezingane ezisencane, futhi cishe nekota yabantu abadala (ikakhulukazi abesifazane). Isilevu siyindawo yakudala yezilonda zomqubuko kubantu abadala. Zingabekwa kuphela kule ndawo noma zithinte ezinye izindawo zobuso: ikhala, ibunzi, isihlathi futhi kwesinye isikhathi emuva okuphezulu.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomqubuko:

• induna papulopustular: lesi isethulo esivame kakhulu, sihlanganisa ama-microcysts nama-papules, kanye nama-comedones (ama-blackheads) nama-pustules;
• induna eguqukayo: izilonda ezingezona ukuvuvukala, ezihlanganisa ama-comedones nama-microcysts. Imvamisa kuyindaba yezinduna ezisencane;
• i-nodular noma i-conglobata acne, nama-fulminans acne: lezi yizinhlobo ezinzima nezingapheli zomqubuko, ezibonakala ngokuba khona kwamaqhuqhuva okuvuvukala (ubuso nesiqu). Amathumba noma amafistula angakha. Izilonda ziningi futhi azitholakali esilevini kuphela;
• induna yomsebenzi: okubangelwa ukuchayeka emikhiqizweni ethile efana nowoyela wamaminerali, uwoyela ongahluziwe, okuphuma kwetiyela yamalahle, izibulala-zinambuzane, njll.

Ezinye izinhlobo zesifo sesikhumba zingadala izilonda esilevini.

Kungaba:

• insumpa (isilonda esidalwa yi-human papillomavirus), esifana nentambo noma isicaba;
• amabala, ama-moles, i-nevi, izilonda zesikhumba (ngisho ne-melanoma) noma ama-cysts;
• ukusetshenziswa kwezimonyo ezisezingeni eliphansi, ukuvimba izimbotshana;
• izinduna ezixhumene nokucasulwa ukushefa emadodeni (izinwele ezifakiwe, ukusikeka, njll.);
• ukulunywa yizinambuzane;
• ukungezwani kwesikhumba.

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane, okwenzeka kakhulu ebuntwaneni, nakho kungadala izinduna ebusweni. Lokhu ngokwesibonelo icala le-chickenpox.

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilonda, inkambo iyahlukahluka kuye ngesizathu nezici ezahlukahlukene (iminyaka, ukuchayeka elangeni, ukwelashwa, njll.). Lokho kusho ukuthi, induna isezimweni eziningi i-dermatosis emnene, kepha ingakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (bese incipha kaningi). Izimvukuzane noma i-nevi, uma zishintsha ukuma, umbala noma ziba buhlungu, kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi babhekwe njalo ngudokotela wesikhumba.

Ekugcineni, qaphela ukuthi izinduna esilevini azibukeki futhi zingaba yingcindezi kubantu abaphethwe yizo. Zingaba buhlungu, zitheleleke futhi zishiye izibazi, okuyinkinga enkulu.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezitholakala ngokulwa nezinduna. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho embalwa elula ukuvikela ukuthi izilonda zingatheleleki:

• gwema ukuphatha izinduna, engcupheni yokuziqinisa nokuqinisa induna;
• sebenzisa imikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka efanele isikhumba esine-acne (non-comedogenic);
• ukuvimbela ukuhlanzwa okuphindaphindiwe ngamafutha otshwala noma ama-antiseptic;
• kwabesifazane, susa izimonyo njalo ebusuku ukuvimbela ukuthi izimbotshana zingavinjani;
• sebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwelanga okulungele umqubuko noma isikhumba esihlanganayo (ilanga linciphisa ukuvuvukala okwesikhashana kepha lilandelwa ukuqhuma kwezinduna ekwindla);
• asikho isifundo sesayensi esisungule ngokusobala ukuxhumana phakathi kokudla nezinduna okwamanje.

Imikhiqizo ethile yemvelo (zinc, uwoyela wetiye…) ingasebenza ngempumelelo ekulweni nezinduna.

Ehlangothini lama-creams nezidakamizwa, imikhiqizo eminingana ingasetshenziswa, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu be-acne kanye nohlobo lwesilonda. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa nokugcinwa kwe-sebum kanye nokunciphisa ukusabela kokuvuvukala.

Uma kwenzeka kunezinduna eziphakathi nendawo kuya kokulingene, udokotela wesikhumba uzonquma ukwelashwa kwasendaweni:

• ukhilimu osuselwa ku-retinoin;
• ukhilimu osuselwa ku-benzoyl peroxide;
• ama-antibiotics wendawo;
• i-azelaic acid ijeli noma ukhilimu.

Uma kwenzeka kukhona induna ebanzi (ubuso bonke, emuva) ama-antibiotics omlomo, ama-hormone (izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo noma izindlela zokulwa ne-androgen) noma ukwelashwa okunamandla kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi kungabekwa.

Uma izinduna esilevini kungezona izinduna, udokotela wesikhumba uzophakamisa ezinye izixazululo eziguqulwe lesi sifo. Lokhu kungaba okhilimu be-corticosteroid, i-laser treatment, ablation (uma kwenzeka imvukuzane ecasulayo ngokwesibonelo), noma ukwelashwa okulwa nezinsumpa, phakathi kwabanye.