I-Bronchospasm ukufinyela kwamaphaphu okubangela ukuvimbeka kwesikhashana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, okuvamile kubantu abanesifuba somoya. Lokhu kubangela ukwehla okunamandla okuphefumula, okwesikhashana esifushane kepha kube nakho okubi kakhulu ezigulini.

Iyini i-bronchospasm?

I-bronchospasm ibhekisela ekufinyezweni kwemisipha odongeni lwe-bronchi, inethiwekhi yokuphefumula enhliziyweni yamaphaphu ethu.

Lokhu kufinyela kungomunye wemiphumela eyinhloko ye-asthma: isifo esivame kakhulu sokuphefumula. Imigudu yomoya yabantu abanesifuba somoya ivame ukuvuvuka futhi imbozwe ngamafinyila, okunciphisa indawo etholakalayo yokuhamba komoya. Lokhu kwehliswa kungokwaphakade futhi kunciphisa amandla okuphefumula eziguli ezinesifuba somoya.

I-Bronchospasm yinto eyodwa kuphela. Kwenzeka lapho imisipha yenkontileka ye-bronchi. 

Ngokufanisa, singacabanga ukuthi amaphaphu ethu afana nezihlahla, anesiqu esivamile (lapho umoya ufika khona), namagatsha amaningi, i-bronchi. I-asthmatics inamagatsha anamathele ngaphakathi, ngenxa yokuvuvukala nokuvuvukala. Futhi ngesikhathi se-bronchospasm, lezi zinkontileka ze-bronchi ngenxa yesenzo semisipha ezungezile. Ngokungena ngemvume, i-bronchi ngakho-ke inciphisa ukugeleza kokuphefumula okutholakalayo nakakhulu, ngendlela efanayo nalapho umpompi ushintshwa kusukela ekugelezeni kwawo okuphezulu ukuya ekugelezeni okuncishisiwe, noma ngisho nokunqanyulwa. 

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-15 abantu abaphethwe yisifuba somoya ababoni i-bronchospasm yabo kancane, ngenxa yomkhuba wokuthi ukugeleza kokuphefumula kuvinjwe.

Ungayibona kanjani?

I-bronchospasm izwakala isiguli lapho ukuphuma kwayo kunzima, njengokungathi kuvinjelwe. Umoya okhishwe umoya ungase wenze umsindo oheyizayo omncane noma ubangele ngisho nokukhwehlela. 

Izici zengozi

I-bronchospasm iyingozi ngokwemvelo, ngoba ithinta esinye sezidingo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphila: ukuphefumula. Ukwehliswa kwe-bronchi ngendlela "kuvala" wonke amapheshana okuphefumula, okunciphisa umuntu ohluphekayo ngokuphazima kweso.

Ngakho-ke izingozi ezihlobene ne-bronchospasm yilezo ezincike esimweni. I-bronchospasm ingenzeka ezimweni ezibucayi: ezemidlalo, i-anesthesia, ukulala, futhi kube nemiphumela emangalisayo.

Asthma

I-bronchospasm ingenye yezimpawu ezimbili zesifuba somoya, kanye nokuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya. Isifuba somoya siyindilinga enonya kulabo abanaso: imigudu yomoya iyancishiswa, okudala ukwakheka kwamafinyila aphinde avimbele indawo yomoya-mpilo.

I-bronchitis engapheli (COPD)

Izifo ezithinta kakhulu abantu ababhemayo njalo, kepha zingabangelwa ukungcola, uthuli noma isimo sezulu esiswakeme. Ihlukaniswa ukukhwehlela okuqinile, futhi kubangela ukuphefumula. 

I-Emphysema

I-pulmonary emphysema yisifo esingelapheki samaphaphu. Uma izimbangela zifana ne-bronchitis engapheli (ukungcola, ugwayi), ibonakala ngokucasuka kwe-alveoli, amaphakethe amancane omoya emaphashini, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuphefumula.

I-Bronchiectasis

I-Bronchiectasis yizifo ezingavamile, ezibangela ukudlulela ngokweqile kwe-bronchi futhi zibangele ukukhwehlela okunodlame, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ama-bronchospasms.

I-Bronchospasm iyisifinyezo esinobudlova, ngakho-ke izinkinga zayo zizohlotshaniswa eduze nesimo sesiguli ngesikhathi salezi zifinyezo. Kungaholela ekuhlulekeni okukhulu kokuphefumula, okuzoba nemithelela ehlukene emzimbeni:

• Ukuquleka, i-coma
• Ukuhlaselwa uvalo
• Eqhaqhazela, ejuluka
• I-Hypoxia (i-oxygen enganele)
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo

Ingozi enkulu ihlala i-bronchospasm ngesikhathi sokulaliswa kwezinzwa, njengoba umzimba uphathwa izinzwa ezingabangela ukuboshwa kokuphefumula uma kuhambisana ne-bronchospasm.

I-bronchospasms ngokwemvelo iyisenzakalo esisodwa. Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwabo, umuntu angasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezikwazi ukuthuthukisa indlela yokuphefumula.

Hlaziya amaphaphu

Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, amandla okuphefumula esiguli kufanele ahlaziywe kusetshenziswa imishini ye-spirometric, ehlola amandla okuphefumula esiguli.

Ukuhogela ama-bronchodilators

I-Bronchospasm iphathwa ngama-bronchodilators, okuyizidakamizwa ezihogelwayo. Labo uma bazozinamathisela emisipha ezungeze i-bronchi ukuze bakhululeke. Ingcindezi etholakalayo iyancishiswa, okwenza ukuthi kugwenywe ama-bronchospasms anobudlova, kepha futhi kunciphise ukubonakala kwe-mucus ku-bronchi.

Ama-bronchodilator asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-anticholinergics namanye ama-beta2 adrenergic receptor stimulants.

I-Bronchotomy / Tracheotomy

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, singelapha i-bronchospasm evame kakhulu ngokwenza i-tracheotomy (noma i-bronchotomy), ukuvuleka okuphoqelelwe nokuhlinzwa kwe-bronchus.