I-Otolaryngology, noma i-ENT, ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bezokwelapha obuzinikele ezifweni nasekuphazamisweni kwe- "ENT sphere", okungukuthi:

• indlebe (ngaphandle, maphakathi nangaphakathi);
• ikhala nezinsimbi;
• umphimbo nentamo (umlomo, ulimi, umphimbo, uqhoqhoqho);
• izindlala zamathe.

Ngakho-ke i-ENT inentshisekelo yokuzwa, izwi, ukuphefumula, iphunga nokunambitha, ibhalansi, nobuhle bobuso (3). Kubandakanya ukuhlinzwa kwe-cervico-facial.

Izimo eziningi nokungajwayelekile kungalawulwa yi-otolaryngologist, ngoba zonke izitho zomkhakha we-ENT zingathinteka ku:

• ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa;
• izimila;
• izifo noma ukuvuvukala;
• ukuhlukumezeka noma ukulimala;
• ukonakala (ikakhulukazi ukungezwa);
• ukukhubazeka (ebusweni, laryngeal);
• kepha futhi, izinkomba zokuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki nobuhle ebusweni nasentanyeni.

I-otolaryngologist (noma i-otolaryngologist) ibandakanyeka ekwelapheni izifo eziningi. Nalu uhlu olungaphelelanga lwezinkinga ezinganakekelwa ku-ENT:

• emlonyeni:
  • ukususwa (ukukhishwa) kwamathoni, adenoid adenoids;
  • izimila zezindlala noma izifo;
  • izimila zomlomo, ulimi.
• ekhaleni:
• isiminyaminya esingamahlalakhona;
• snoring et apnea ;
• i-sinusitis ;
• i-rhinoplasty (ukuhlinzekela “ukwenza kabusha” ikhala);
• ukuphazamiseka kwephunga.
• izifo zendlebe phinda;
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa noma ukungezwa;
• indlebe (ubuhlungu bendlebe);
• tinnitus ;
• ibhalansi ukuphazamiseka, isiyezi.
• izifo zezwi;
• i-stridor (umsindo lapho uphefumula);
• Izinkinga ze-thyroid (ngokubambisana ne-endocrinologist);
• i-reflux gastro-laryngé;
• umdlavuza we-laryngeal, uquqaba lomlomo wesibeletho
• ezingeni lezindlebe:
• emphinjeni:

Yize i-pathologies emkhakheni we-ENT ingathinta wonke umuntu, kunezici ezithile zobungozi ezaziwayo, phakathi kokunye:

• ukubhema;
• ukuphuza ngokweqile;
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile (ukuhogela, i-apnea…);
• iminyaka yobudala: izingane zithambekele kakhulu ekungenweni yizindlebe nezinye izifo ze-ENT kunabantu abadala.

Ukufika ekuxilongweni nasekuboneni umsuka wezifo, i-otolaryngologist:

• ubuza isiguli sakhe ukuthola ubunjalo bezinkinga, usuku lwazo lokuqala kanye nemodi yazo yokuzibangela, izinga lokungazizwa okuzwayo;
• yenza ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwezitho ezibuzwayo, isebenzisa izinsimbi ezifanele ikhala, izindlebe noma umphimbo (ama-spatula, i-otoscope, njll.);
• ingahle ibhekane nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe (isibonelo, i-radiography).

Ngokuya ngenkinga kanye nokwelashwa okuzonikezwa, i-otolaryngologist ingasebenzisa:

• ezidakamizweni ezahlukahlukene;
• kuma-fibroscopies noma ama-endoscopy, ukubona ngeso lengqondo ingaphakathi lepheshana lokuphefumula ngokwesibonelo;
• ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa (i-ENT kuyinto ekhethekile yokuhlinzwa), noma ngabe kuyisilonda, ukuzivuselela noma ukungenelela kokwakha kabusha;
• okufakelwa noma okufakelwa;
• ukuvuselelwa.

Ukubonisana nodokotela we-otolaryngologist akubandakanyi izingozi ezithile zesiguli.

Yiba yi-ENT eFrance

Ukuze ube yi-otolaryngologist, umfundi kufanele athole idiploma yezifundo ezikhethekile (i-DES) ku-ENT nokuhlinzwa kwekhanda nentamo:

• kumele aqale ngokulandela, ngemuva kwe-baccalaureate yakhe, unyaka wokuqala ezifundweni zezempilo. Qaphela ukuthi isilinganiso sabafundi abangaphansi kwama-20% bayakwazi ukuwela leli qophamlando;
• ekupheleni konyaka wesithupha, abafundi bathatha izivivinyo zokuhlukanisa izwe ukuze bangene esikoleni okuhlalwa kuso. Ngokuya ngezigaba zabo, bazokwazi ukukhetha okukhethekile kanye nendawo yabo yokusebenza. I-otolaryngology internship ihlala iminyaka engu-6 (ama-semesters ayi-5, kufaka phakathi i-10 ku-ENT nokuhlinzwa kwekhanda nentamo kanye ne-6 kokunye okukhethekile, kufaka phakathi okungenani i-4 ekuhlinzweni).

Ekugcineni, ukuze akwazi ukuziqeqesha njengodokotela wezingane futhi abambe isihloko sobudokotela, umfundi kumele futhi avikele ithisisi yocwaningo.

Yiba yi-ENT eQuebec

 Ngemuva kwezifundo zasekolishi, umfundi kumele aqedele ubudokotela kwezokwelapha. Lesi sigaba sokuqala sithatha iminyaka eyi-1 noma eyi-4 (unyaka wokulungiselela noma ongenawo wezokwelapha wabafundi abavunyelwe ukuqeqeshwa ekolishi noma eyunivesithi okubhekwa njengokwanele kwizayensi eyisisekelo yezinto eziphilayo). Ngemuva kwalokho, umfundi kuzofanele agxile ngokulandela ukuhlala e-otolaryngology nasekuhlinzweni kwekhanda nentamo (iminyaka emi-5). 

Ngaphambi kokuya kwi-aphoyintimenti ne-ENT, kubalulekile ukuthatha noma yiziphi izivivinyo zokucabanga noma zebhayoloji esivele zenziwe.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izici zobuhlungu (ubude besikhathi, ukuqala, imvamisa, njll.), Ukubuza ngomlando womndeni wakho nokuletha imiyalelo eyahlukahlukene.

Ukuthola udokotela we-ENT:

• eQuebec, ungathinta iwebhusayithi ye-Association d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et deirurgie cervico-faciale du Quebec4, enikezela umkhombandlela wamalungu abo.
• eFrance, ngewebhusayithi ye-Ordre des médecinsâ ?? µ noma i-Syndicat national des médecins ekhethekile ku-ENT nokuhlinzwa kwe-cervico-facial6, okunikeza umkhombandlela.

Ukubonisana nodokotela we-otolaryngologist kumbozwe yi-Health Insurance (France) noma iRégie de l'assurance maladie du Québec.