I-Osteomalacia yi-generalized osteopathy (i-bone pathology). Lolu thando luwumphumela wokuntuleka kweminerali eyisisekelo ye-matrix yethambo okwenza ithambo libe “thambile” futhi likwazi ukukhiqiza ukwakheka kwalo. Endabeni ye-osteomalacia, isisindo samathambo sijwayelekile kodwa ukuchithwa kwamaminerali kwezicubu ze-osteoid kuyashoda, umphumela wokunqwabelana kwama-osteoblasts (amaseli akhipha i-matrix yamathambo). I-Osteomalacia ihlukile ku-osteoporosis lapho isisindo samathambo sishoda khona kodwa ukuchithwa kwethambo kuyinto evamile.

Isakhiwo samathambo igama elijwayelekile elichaza into "ephilayo" lapho into "yemaminerali" ilungiswa khona. Lesi sakhi samaminerali sibonakala ngengxube ye-calcium ne-phosphorus. Lawa amaminerali anika ithambo ubulukhuni namandla alo. (5)

Endabeni ye-osteomalacia, lesi sakhiwo samathambo singukuminyana okuvamile. Inkinga ibangelwa ukulungiswa okwanele kwamakristalu e-calcium kulolu hlaka lwamathambo. Izimo eziningana zingachaza lokhu kuntuleka kwe-calcium:

(1) Ukumuncwa kwe-calcium kukhuthazwa ukutholakala kukavithamini D. Le vithamini ihilelekile ekumunceni nasekusetshenzisweni kwe-calcium. Ngakho-ke, ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin D kungase kube imbangela yokungaqini kahle kwe-calcium esakhiweni samathambo.

(2) Ukulawulwa kwamazinga e-calcium egazini kulawulwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, yi-hormone ekhishwa izindlala ze-parathyroid (etholakala entanyeni): i-hormone ye-parathyroid. Ukweqile kwaleli hormone kungaphazamisa nokulungiswa kwamaminerali ku-matrix yamathambo.

(3) Ukudla kwe-calcium nsuku zonke by Ukudla kuyehluka ngokuya ngeminyaka kanye nesimo somzimba womuntu:

Phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 kuye kweyi-8: 800 mg / ngosuku

Phakathi kweminyaka engu-9 no-18 ubudala: 1 mg / ngosuku

Phakathi kweminyaka engu-19 no-50 ubudala: 1 mg / ngosuku

- Phakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu: 1 mg / ngosuku

Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo: 1 mg / ngosuku

Ukudla okuphansi kwe-calcium uma kuqhathaniswa nezincomo zansuku zonke kungaholela ekuntulekeni kwe-calcium kumuntu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuholele ekusweleni amathambo amaminerali. (4)

Ngakho-ke ithambo liba yi-ductile eyengeziwe ngenxa yalokhu kungasebenzi kahle kwamaminerali ezingeni lohlaka lwamathambo. Amathambo athile emzimbeni asekela imithwalo emikhulu (ama-vertebrae, imilenze). Lezi zibe sengozini yokukhubazeka noma ngisho nokuqhekeka.

Ezinganeni, i-osteomalacia ifana nama-rickets.

Izimpawu eziqondene ne-osteomalacia ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu emathanjeni. Lezi zinhlungu zingenziwa endaweni emilenzeni (kugcizelelwe ngesikhathi sokuhamba, ukugijima, njll.), umgogodla, izimbambo, amahlombe ehlombe, i-pelvis, nabanye.

Le rheumatism empeleni ayiqondile futhi isabalele.

Kulezi zinhlungu, kunganezelwa ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo noma okuncane noma izici zemishini: i-waddling gait, i-proximal myopathy (i-pathology ethinta imisipha yemisipha), ubuthakathaka bemisipha, njll.

Endabeni yamafomu anzima, i-osteomalacia ingabonakala ngokuthi "i-bell-shaped" noma "violin" thorax, i-sternum efana ne-keel noma ngisho nokulahlekelwa usayizi.

I-calcium nayo iwusawoti wamaminerali obalulekile ekwakhekeni kwamazinyo. Ngaphandle kwezimpawu zamathambo, ukungavamile koqweqwe lwamazinyo (ukulahlekelwa ukukhanya kwamazinyo kanye nokuncipha kwamazinyo) kungase kubonakale. (1)

I-Osteomalacia ibangelwa ukukhubazeka kwe-calcium esakhiweni samathambo. Lezi zimo ezimbili zibangelwa ukushoda kwevithamini D noma/kanye ne-calcium, evela ekudleni (noma ekuchayekeni elangeni lemvelo likaVithamini D).

Ama-rickets athinta izingane ezikhulayo ezimathambo azo asakha.

I-Osteomalacia, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithinta abantu abadala (abesifazane abaningi kanye nasebekhulile) amathambo abo akheke kahle. (2)

I-Osteomalacia yi-pathology ethinta kakhulu abesifazane nabadala.

Noma kunjalo, izici ezithile zingaba umsuka wengozi eyandayo yokukhula kwalesi sifo njengokuthatha izidakamizwa ze-anticonvulsant, umdlavuza, i-phosphate, i-vitamin D, ukuchayeka ngokwanele elangeni, umlando womndeni wokuphazamiseka kwe-vitamin D metabolism. , ukwehluleka kwezinso, isifo sesibindi esithile, njll.

Izingane ezidla uvithamini D kanye ne-calcium enganele zingase zithinteke kulolu hlobo lwe-pathology ngendlela yama-rickets.

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwalesi pathology kwenza kube lula ukukhawulela imiphumela.

Ngemva kokubonisana nodokotela, lo angakunikeza ibhalansi ye-phosphocalcic ukuze ahlole ukuntula kwe-calcium, i-phosphorus ne-albumin. Lokhu kuhlola kungalekelelwa ngokunqunywa kwe-calcium emchamweni (calciuria).

Lokhu kuhlola kungase kuhambisane nama-x-ray amathambo abuhlungu. Ukuba khona kokubonakala okufiphele okungcolile kancane kanye ne-Looser-Milkman streaks (uphawu lwalesi sifo samathambo) kungaba okuphawulekayo kwe-osteomalacia. (5)

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-computed tomography yomgogodla yenza kube lula ukutadisha ukwakheka kwama-vertebrae.

Okokugcina, kungenzeka futhi ukwenza i-bone biopsy ukuze uthole izicubu zamathambo ezikhishwe amaminerali kanye nomsebenzi owandayo we-osteoblast.

Ukwelashwa kwe-osteomalacia kuwukuvimbela ngokuyinhloko.

Ukudla okunconyiwe kwansuku zonke kwe-calcium kusiza ukugwema noma yikuphi ukushoda kwe-calcium yamaminerali. Lokhu kudla kwansuku zonke kwenziwa ngokudla (ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni yobisi, inhlanzi neziphuzo zesoya eziqinile) kodwa futhi nangamanzi athile amaminerali anothe nge-calcium futhi kulula ukumunca.

I-Vitamin D nayo ibandakanyeka ekuvimbeleni lesi sifo. I-Vitamin D itholakala ekudleni (ikhona futhi obisini, izinhlanzi ezinamafutha njenge-salmon noma i-trout, amaqanda, isibindi, njll.). Ukuthatha uvithamini D kungenzeka futhi ngokuchayeka elangeni okusesilinganisweni kusiza umzimba ukuklama le vithamini ngokwebhayoloji.

Ukwelashwa kokwelapha kwalesi sifo kuqukethe ukulawulwa kwe-Vitamin D egxilile. Ngokuvamile kuhambisana nokudla kwe-calcium eyengeziwe.

Ukwanda kokuchayeka elangeni (kodwa hhayi okweqile) kuvame ukwelulekwa kubantu abane-osteomalacia. (3)

Ukwelashwa okwenziwa kahle kuholela ekululameni okusheshayo ngokunciphisa noma ngisho nokunyamalala kobuhlungu. (3)