😉 Ukubingelela kubafundi abavamile nabasha! Esihlokweni esithi "U-Omar Khayyam: Umlando Omfushane, Amaqiniso" ngempilo yesazi sefilosofi sasePheresiya, isazi sezibalo, isazi sezinkanyezi kanye nembongi. Waphila: 1048-1131.
Umlando ka-Omar Khayyam
Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. abeLungu babengazi lutho ngalo sosayensi kanye nembongi. Futhi baqala ukuyithola ngemva kokushicilelwa kwencwadi ye-algebra ngo-1851. Khona-ke kwaziwa ukuthi ama-rubais (ama-quatrains, uhlobo oluthile lwezinkondlo zomculo) nawo angawakhe.
Igama elithi "Khayyam" lisho "inkosi yetende", mhlawumbe kwakuwumsebenzi kababa noma umkhulu wakhe. Ulwazi oluncane kakhulu nezinkumbulo zabantu besikhathi sakhe ziye zasinda ngempilo yakhe. Ezinye zazo sizithola kuma-quatrains. Kodwa-ke, zembula kancane kakhulu i-biography yembongi edumile, isazi sezibalo nesazi sefilosofi.
Ngenxa yenkumbulo engavamile kanye nesifiso esiqhubekayo semfundo, eneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa, u-Omar wathola ulwazi olujulile lwazo zonke izindawo zefilosofi. Kakade ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, le nsizwa yabhekana nezilingo ezinzima: phakathi nobhubhane, abazali bakhe bafa.
Ebalekela ubunzima, usosayensi osemusha ushiya eKhorasan futhi uthola isiphephelo eSamarkand. Lapho, uyaqhubeka futhi aqedele ingxenye enkulu yencwadi yakhe ye-algebra ethi “I-Treatise on the Problems of Algebra and Almukabala.”
Ngemva kokuqeda izifundo zakhe, usebenza njengothisha. Umsebenzi wawuhola kancane futhi ungowesikhashana. Okuningi kwakuncike endaweni yamakhosi nababusi.
Usosayensi wasekelwa kuqala yijaji eliyinhloko laseSamarkand, bese kuba nguBukhara khan. Ngo-1074 wamenywa e-Isfahan enkantolo kaSultan Melik Shah ngokwakhe. Lapha waqondisa umsebenzi wokwakha nomsebenzi wesayensi we-astronomical observatory, futhi wenza ikhalenda elisha.
Rubai Khayyam
Ubudlelwano bakhe nabalandela uMelik Shah babungebuhle kumbongi. Abefundisi abaphakeme abazange bamthethelele, egcwele amahlaya ajulile namandla amakhulu okumangalela, izinkondlo. Ngesibindi wazihleka usulu futhi wasola zonke izinkolo, wakhuluma ngokumelene nokungabi nabulungisa kwendawo yonke.
Nge-ruby, ayibhala, umuntu angakhokha ngokuphila kwakhe, ngakho usosayensi wenza uhambo oluphoqelelwe enhloko-dolobha yamaSulumane - iMecca.
Abashushisi bososayensi nembongi abakholelwa neze ekuphendukeni kwakhe ngobuqotho. Eminyakeni yamuva, ubehlala yedwa. U-Omar wayebagwema abantu, okwakungahlala kukhona inhloli noma umbulali othunyelwayo.
Mathematics
Kunezincwadi ezimbili ezaziwayo ze-algebraic zesazi sezibalo esihlakaniphile. Waba ngowokuqala ukuchaza i-algebra njengesayensi yokuxazulula izibalo, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi i-algebra.
Usosayensi uhlela ezinye izibalo nge-coefficient ehamba phambili elingana no-1. Inquma izinhlobo ze-canonical zezibalo, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ezingu-25 zama-cubic.
Indlela evamile yokuxazulula izilinganiso ukwakhiwa kwesithombe sezimpande ezinhle kusetshenziswa i-abscissas yamaphuzu okuhlangana kwamajika e-second order - imibuthano, ama-parabolas, ama-hyperbolas. Imizamo yokuxazulula i-cubic equations kuma-radicals ayiphumelelanga, kodwa usosayensi wabikezela ngobuqotho ukuthi lokhu kwakuzokwenziwa ngemva kwakhe.
Laba bavubukuli bafika ngempela, ngemva kweminyaka engu-400 kuphela. Kwakungososayensi base-Italy uScipion del Ferro noNiccolo Tartaglia. U-Khayyam wayengowokuqala ukuqaphela ukuthi i-cubic equation ingase ibe nezimpande ezimbili ekugcineni, nakuba engazange abone ukuthi kungase kube khona ezintathu.
Waqale wethula umqondo omusha womqondo wenombolo, ohlanganisa izinombolo ezingenangqondo. Kwakuyinguquko yangempela ekufundiseni inombolo, lapho imigqa phakathi kwenani elingenangqondo nezinombolo isulwa.
Ikhalenda elinembile
U-Omar Khayyam uhole ikhomishana ekhethekile eyasungulwa uMelik Shah ukuze iqondise ikhalenda. Ikhalenda elakhiwe ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe yilo elinembe kakhulu. Inikeza iphutha losuku olulodwa eminyakeni eyizi-5000.
Ekhalendeni lanamuhla, likaGregory, iphutha losuku olulodwa lizothatha iminyaka engama-3333. Ngakho, ikhalenda yakamuva inembe kancane kuneKhayyam Khayyam.
Isazi esikhulu sahlala iminyaka engama-83, sazalwa futhi sashona eNishapur, e-Iran. Uphawu lwakhe lwezinkanyezi yiTaurus.
U-Omar Khayyam: i-biography emfushane (ividiyo)
😉 Bangani, yabelana ngesihloko esithi “Omar Khayyam: i-biography emfushane, amaqiniso athakazelisayo” kwezokuxhumana. amanethiwekhi.