I-Neuropathy ibonakala ngesimo sohlobo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwezinzwa nezinzwa ezilawula izinyawo nezandla, kanye nezinzwa zesistimu yezinzwa ezilawula izitho. Izimpawu zincike ohlotsheni lwezinzwa ezithintekile.

I-neuropathy, iyini?

Incazelo ye-neuropathy

I-Neuropathy yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza inkinga yezinzwa, imvamisa "imizwa yezinzwa" ngokungafani ne "system central nervous" ebandakanya ubuchopho nomgogodla. Siphinde sikhulume nge-peripheral neuropathy.

I-Neuropathy idalwa yizimo eziningi. I-Neuropathy ingaba khona ngaphandle kwesizathu sokutholakala. Ngemuva kwalokho ifaneleka njenge- "idiopathic neuropathy".

Igama elithi neuropathy lihlanganisa indawo enkulu nezinzwa eziningi. Izimpawu ezivelayo zincike ohlotsheni lwezinzwa oluthintekile:

• Izinzwa ezithintekayo zezinzwa (izinzwa ezilawula ukuzwa) zibangela ukuhayiza, ukuvutha, ubuhlungu bokushaywa, "ukushaqeka kukagesi", ukuba ndikindiki, ubuhlungu. ukulunywa noma ubuthakathaka ezinyaweni nasezandleni. Sikhuluma nge-neuropathy yezinzwa.
• Izinzwa zemoto ezithintekile (izinzwa ezikugcina unyakaza) zidala ubuthakathaka ezinyaweni nasezandleni zakho. Sikhuluma nge-motor neuropathy.
• Izinzwa ezizimele ezithintekile (izinzwa ezilawula izitho emzimbeni, isb., Isisu nesinye) zidala ushintsho ekushayeni kwenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi noma ukujuluka. Sikhuluma nge-autonomic neuropathy.

I-Neuropathy inezimbangela eziningana, yingakho zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zemizwa zingathinteka ngasikhathi sinye: lokhu kubizwa nge-polyneuropathy, ngokungafani ne-mononeuropathy ebonakala ngokuthanda inzwa eyodwa.

Izibonelo ngabakwa-mononeuropathies

• La ukukhubazeka ulnar (noma ulnar) nerve kulandela ukulimala endololwaneni.
• I-Carpal tunnel syndrome, kubangelwa ukucindezelwa kwemizwa yangaphakathi.
• Ukukhubazeka kwemizwa ye-peroneal, okubangelwa ukucindezelwa kwesibindi emlenzeni.
• Ukukhubazeka kwemizwa ye-radial, inzwa evimbela imisipha yendololwane, isihlakala neminwe.
• Ukukhubazeka kukaBell, okuthinta inzwa engafaki imisipha yobuso ngaphakathi.

Izimbangela ze-neuropathy

Kunezimbangela ezingaphezu kwekhulu zobuhlungu be-neuropathic. Cishe i-30% ye-neuropathies "yi-idiopathic" noma yesizathu esingaziwa.

Izifo eziningi zingaholela ekuziphatheni komzimba kwe-peripheral neuropathy:

• Diabetes, okuyisona sizathu esivame kakhulu se-peripheral neuropathy engapheli. Sikhuluma nge-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela. Amazinga kashukela aphakeme egazini abangela ukulimala ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi emincane eletha umoya-mpilo nezakhi zomzimba emithanjeni eletha ukuphela kwezandla nezinyawo nezitho zomzimba ezinkulu emzimbeni (amehlo, izinso, inhliziyo). Ngenxa yalokho, isikhumba siyalimala futhi ukulahleka kobuzwe kwenza isikhumba sezinyawo sibe sengozini kakhulu.
• Ukushoda ku-vitamin B12 noma i-folic acid kungadala ukulimala kwezinzwa neheripheral neuropathy.
• Imithi - njengeminye imithi esetshenziswa ekhemotherapy noma ekwelapheni i-HIV ingadala umonakalo emithanjeni eseceleni.
• Ama-insecticide athile kanye ne-solvents.
• I-Lymphoma kanye nomdlavuza omningi we-myeloma.
• Ukuphuza ngokweqile.
• Isifo sezinso esingapheliyo - uma izinso zingasebenzi ngendlela ejwayelekile, ukungalingani kosawoti kungadala i-peripheral neuropathy.
• Isifo esingalapheki sesibindi.
• Ukulimala, njengethambo eliphukile elingabeka ingcindezi emsipheni.
• Ukutheleleka okuthile okufana namashingles, ukutheleleka nge-HIV kanye nesifo seLyme.
• Le Isifo se-Guillain-Barré igama elinikezwe uhlobo oluthile lwe-peripheral neuropathy olubangelwa ukutheleleka.
• Izifo zezicubu ezixhunyiwe: i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-Sjögren syndrome kanye ne-systemic lupus erythematosus.
• Izimo ezithile zokuvuvukala kufaka phakathi i-sarcoïdose nesifo se-celiac.
• Izifo ezibangwa njengefa njengeCharcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome kanye ne-ataxia kaFriedreich.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-neuropathy

Udokotela ubuza isiguli mayelana:

• izimpawu zayo.
• Impilo yakhe ejwayelekile.
• Umlando womndeni wakhe we-neuropathy.
• Imithi yakhe ethathwe manje noma muva nje.
• Ukuvezwa kwayo okungenzeka kubuthi.
• Ukuphuza kwakhe ngokweqile.
• Ukuziphatha kwakhe ngokocansi.

Udokotela uzo:

• hlola ngokucophelela isikhumba sesiguli.
• Bheka ukuzwa kokudlidliza usebenzisa imfoloko yokuhlenga.
• Hlola ukucabanga kwethenda.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Bangakwazi ukugqamisa ubukhona besifo sikashukela, ukungasebenzi kwe-thyroid noma ukushoda kwamavithamini.

Izifundo zokuqhuba izinzwa

Izifundo zokuqhuba izinzwa zihlola ukuthi izinzwa ziyithumela ngokushesha kangakanani imiyalezo yazo emisipheni. Ama-electrode akhethekile abekwa esikhumbeni ezingeni le-nerve evivinyiwe futhi akhiphe imizwa emincane kakhulu kagesi evuselela inzwa. Amanye ama-electrode aqopha umsebenzi kagesi wenzwa. Ijubane elincishisiwe lomfutho wezinzwa likhombisa ukuba khona kwe-peripheral neuropathy.

I-Electromyography

I-Electromyography isetshenziselwa ukuthola ubuthakathaka bemisipha obubangelwa yi-neuropathy. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola umsebenzi kagesi wemisipha. Inaliti enhle kakhulu exhunywe kwi-electrode ifakwa emsipheni. Lokhu kuxhunywe kumshini wokuqopha obizwa nge-oscilloscope. Umsebenzi kagesi ongajwayelekile ukhombisa ubukhona be-peripheral neuropathy.

I-biopsy yezinzwa

Ingxenye encane yesibindi iyasuswa ukuze ihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Isikhumba biopsy

Kuyindlela yokuhlola izinzwa ezisemaphethelweni. Ingasetshenziselwa ukubheka i-peripheral neuropathy yokuqala kanye nokuqapha ukuqhubeka kwe-neuropathy nokuphendula ekwelashweni. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubukhulu bezintambo zemizwa endaweni yesikhumba kukalwa. Ku-peripheral neuropathy, ubukhulu bezinzwa zomzimba buyancipha.

Izimpawu ze-neuropathy

I-neuropathy yesistimu yezinzwa

• Ukutetema kanye nokuba ndikindiki ezandleni nasezinyaweni (isifo sikashukela sokuzwela ngemizwa)
• Ukuzwela ngokweqile.
• Ukwanda kobuhlungu noma ukulahlekelwa ikhono lokuzwa ubuhlungu.
• Ukulahleka kwekhono lokuthola ushintsho ekushiseni nasemakhazeni.
• Ukulahlekelwa kokuxhumanisa nokwenziwa kwamakhono.
• Ubuhlungu bohlobo oluvuthayo, amandla alo anganda ebusuku.
• Izinguquko esikhumbeni, izinwele noma izinzipho.
• Izilonda ezinyaweni nasemlenzeni, ukutheleleka, ngisho nokubola.

I-neuropathy yesistimu yemoto

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha - obudala ukungazinzi nobunzima bokwenza ukunyakaza okuncane njengokucofa inkinobho (ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni kwesifo sikashukela).
• Ukuzamazama kwemisipha namajaqamba.
• Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha.

I-neuropathy yohlelo lokuzimela

• isiyezi nokuquleka (ngenxa yokushintsha okungazelelwe kwengcindezi yegazi).
• Ukunciphisa ukujuluka.
• Ukwehluleka ukubekezelela ukushisa.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukulawula umsebenzi wesinye esiphumela ekungangeni noma ekugcinweni komchamo.
• Ukuvuvukala, ukuqunjelwa noma uhudo (ikakhulukazi ku-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela).
• Kunzima ukufezekisa noma ukugcina ukwakhiwa (ikakhulukazi ku-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela).

Ungayivimba kanjani i-neuropathy?

Ukuvinjelwa kwe-neuropathy kubantu abanesifo sikashukela kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ekuhlanzekeni kokudla okuhle kanye nokuqapha okuqinile kwe glucose. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukulawulwa kwe-glyceric ngomjovo kunciphisa ubungozi bokukhula kwemizwa yesifo sikashukela.