I-neuroma iyi-tumor ekhula emgodleni ovikelayo wezinzwa. Ifomu elivame kakhulu i-acoustic neuroma ethinta inzwa ye-vestibulocochlear, okusho ukuthi i-cranial nerve ehilelekile ekuzweni kanye nomuzwa wokulinganisela. Nakuba ama-neuromas angama-benign tumors ezimweni eziningi, amanye angabangela izinkinga. Ukusekela kungase kubaluleke.

Incazelo ye-neuroma

I-neuroma iyi-tumor ekhula emithanjeni. Lesi simila sikhula ngokunembile kakhulu kumaseli e-Schwann akhona emgodleni wokuvikela ozungeze izinzwa. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi i-neuroma ibizwa nangokuthi i-schwannoma.

Ifomu elivame kakhulu i-acoustic neuroma, ebizwa nangokuthi i-vestibular schwannoma. Le neuroma ithinta inzwa ye-vestibular, elinye lamagatsha we-VIII cranial nerve ehilelekile ekuzweni kanye nomuzwa wokulinganisela.

Ibangela i-neurinome

Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezimila, i-neuroma inemvelaphi engaqondakali kahle. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo ze-acoustic neuroma zitholakale ziwuphawu lwe-neurofibromatosis yohlobo 2, isifo esibangelwa ukuguqulwa kofuzo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-neurinome

I-neuroma ingasolwa ngenxa yezimpawu ezithile zomtholampilo kodwa futhi ingatholakala ngengozi phakathi nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Lesi simila singaba yi-asymptomatic kwezinye izimo, okusho ukuthi ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezisobala.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-acoustic neuroma ekuqaleni kusekelwe ekuhlolweni kokuzwa okufana nalokhu:

• i-audiogram eyenziwa kuzo zonke izimo ukuze kuhlonzwe isici sokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe-acoustic neuroma;
• i-tympanometry ngezinye izikhathi eyenziwayo ukuze kutholwe ukuthi umsindo ungadlula yini esigungwini sendlebe naphakathi kwendlebe;
• isivivinyo se-Auditory evoked potentials (AEP), esikala amathonya ezinzwa ku-brainstem kusuka kumasignali omsindo avela ezindlebeni.

Ukuqinisekisa nokujulisa ukuxilongwa, ukuhlolwa kwe-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) bese kwenziwa.

I-Neuromas yizimila ezingavamile. Bamele ngokwesilinganiso phakathi kuka-5 no-8% wezimila zobuchopho. Isigameko sonyaka sicishe sibe yicala eli-1 kuye kwezi-2 kubantu abayikhulu.

Kwezinye izimo, i-neuroma ayithuthukisiwe kahle futhi ayibangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-acoustic neuroma

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-acoustic neuroma kungazibonakalisa ngezimpawu ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile:

• ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo ezimweni eziningi kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ngokuzumayo;
• i-tinnitus, okuwumsindo noma ukukhala endlebeni;
• umuzwa wokucindezela noma ubunzima endlebeni;
• ubuhlungu bendlebe noma indlebe;
• ikhanda noma ikhanda;
• ukungalingani kanye nesiyezi.

Qaphela: I-acoustic neuroma ivamise ukuba uhlangothi olulodwa kodwa kwesinye isikhathi ingaba yizinhlangothi ezimbili.

Ubungozi bezinkinga

I-Neuromas yizimila ezinobungozi ezimweni eziningi. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimila zinomdlavuza.

Endabeni ye-acoustic neuroma, isimila ku-cranial nerve VIII singabangela izinkinga lapho sikhula futhi sanda ngosayizi. Ijwayele ukucindezela ezinye izinzwa ze-cranial, ezingadala:

• i-paresis yobuso ngokucindezelwa kwenzwa yobuso (i-cranial nerve VII), okuwukulahlekelwa ingxenye yamakhono emoto ebusweni;
• I-neuralgia ye-trigeminal ngenxa yokucindezela kwe-trigeminal (i-cranial nerve V), ebonakala ngobuhlungu obunzima obuthinta uhlangothi lobuso.

I-neuroma ayidingi ngempela ukwelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma isimila sincane, asikhuli ngosayizi, futhi asibangeli izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ukuqapha kwezokwelapha okuvamile kusendaweni ukuze kukhawulwe ingozi yezinkinga.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphathwa kwe-neuroma kungabaluleka uma isimila sikhula, sanda futhi siveza ingozi yezinkinga. Izinketho ezimbili zokwelapha ngokuvamile zicatshangelwa:

• ukuhlinzwa ukususa isimila;
• i-radiation therapy, esebenzisa imisebe ukuze ibhubhise isimila.

Ukukhethwa kokwelashwa kuncike ezicini eziningi ezihlanganisa ubukhulu besimila, ubudala, isimo sempilo kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu.

Imvelaphi ye-neuromas ayicacile. Azikho izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezisunguliwe kuze kube manje.