U-12% wokufa ubangelwa izifo zokuphefumula, futhi imbangela ehamba phambili yokulova phakathi kwentsha namuhla kungenxa yezifo zokuphefumula. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa kwe-ENT kanye ne-pulmonary kuyizinkinga zempilo ezikhathazayo kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kwezimo ezithile zokuphefumula kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-nebulizer. Le divayisi yezokwelapha yakamuva yenza kube nokwenzeka ukusabalalisa izidakamizwa ngendlela ye-aerosol ngqo ohlelweni lokuphefumula.

I-nebulizer, noma i-nebulizer, yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuguqula umuthi owuketshezi ube yi-aerosol, okusho ukuthi ube amaconsi amahle kakhulu azomuncwa ngokushesha futhi kalula umzila wokuphefumula futhi ngaphandle kokungenelela kwesiguli okudingekile. I-Nebulized aerosol therapy iyindlela yokwelapha yasendaweni ephumelela kakhulu, engenabuhlungu, enemiphumela engemihle emincane uma iqhathaniswa nokwelashwa kwesistimu.

Ukubunjwa

Kuye ngokuthi i-aerosol ikhiqizwa kanjani, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-nebulizer:

• ama-nebulizer we-pneumatic, akhiqiza i-aerosol ngenxa yegesi ethunyelwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi (umoya noma umoya-mpilo);
• ama-nebulizer e-ultrasonic, asebenzisa i-ultrasound ukonakalisa ikristalu ezobe isidlulisa ukundindizela oketshezini oluzokwenziwa nebuli;
• i-membrane nebulizers, esebenzisa isisefo esinezimbobo eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ububanzi lapho uketshezi oluzokwenziwa nebulizer luboniswa isenzo somsinga kagesi.

I-nebulizer ye-pneumatic

Imodeli ye-nebulizer endala futhi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, ezibhedlela nasekhaya. Yakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu:

• i-compressor ethumela umoya noma umoya-mpilo ngaphansi kwengcindezi;
• i-nebulizer, exhunywe ku-compressor ngeshubhu, lapho kwethulwa khona uketshezi lomuthi oluzokwenziwa i-nebulize. I-nebulizer ngokwayo iqukethe ithangi elithola uketshezi (2ml kuya ku-8ml), umlomo wombhobho lapho igesi elicindezelwayo lidlula khona, ithuluzi lokumunca uketshezi ngomphumela we-venturi, kanye ne-deflector lapho amaconsi ephuka abe yizinhlayiya ezinhle, eziphefumulayo;
• isixhumi esibonakalayo sesiguli esixhunywe ku-nebulizer okungenzeka kube isifihla-buso, isivalo somlomo noma ikhala.

Igama elithi nebulization livela kwelesiLatini elithi nebula (inkungu) elisho ukuthi umuthi osesixazululo usetshenziswa ngendlela yenkungu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-aerosol. Amaconsi amisiwe kule nkungu anokwakheka kwe-modular nosayizi kuye nge-pathology okufanele ilashwe.

Osayizi abahlukene bezinhlayiyana

Ubukhulu bezinhlayiya buzokhethwa ngokuya ngendawo yokuphefumula okufanele kufinyelelwe kuyo

Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlayiya

Imithi eyinhloko ekhishwa yi-aerosol ifanele uhlobo ngalunye lwe-pathology:

• ama-bronchodilators (ama-ß2 mimics, anticholinergics), asebenza ngokubangela ukuthi i-bronchi ivuleke ngokushesha, asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuhlasela kwesifuba somoya okunzima noma ukuqubuka kwesifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvimbela i-pulmonary (COPD);
• i-corticosteroids (budesonide, beclomethasone) yizidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala ezihambisana ne-bronchodilator yokwelapha isifuba somoya;
• i-mucolytics kanye ne-viscolytics isiza ukunciphisa i-mucus enqwabelana ku-bronchi ku-cystic fibrosis;
• ama-antibiotics (tobramycin, colistin) anikezwa endaweni yokwelashwa kwesondlo ezimweni ze-cystic fibrosis;
• I-laryngitis, i-bronchitis, i-sinusitis, i-otitis media nayo ingalashwa ngokufaka i-nebulization.

Umphakathi othintekayo noma osengcupheni

Ama-pathologies alashwa nge-nebulization yizifo ezingelapheki ezidinga ukwelashwa kwendawo okungahlangani futhi ezingenayo imiphumela emibi esusayo ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-Nebulization aerosol therapy ayidingi noma yimuphi umzamo noma ukunyakaza engxenyeni yesiguli, ngakho-ke lokhu kwelashwa kulungele ikakhulukazi izinsana, izingane ezincane, abantu abadala kanye nabantu abahamba kancane.

I-Nebulization isetshenziswa kaningi esibhedlela, ezingane, emaphashini, ezindlini eziphuthumayo noma ezikhungweni zabagula kakhulu. Kungenziwa nasekhaya.

Ukusebenzisa i-nebulizer ekhaya kudinga "ukuqeqeshwa" kwangaphambili ukuze i-nebulization iphumelele ngempela. Lo msebenzi umthwalo wemfanelo wabasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo (odokotela, abahlengikazi, ama-physiotherapist, njll.) noma osokhemisi.

Ukuyisebenzisa nini?

I-Nebulization ekhaya kufanele yenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kwencwadi kadokotela. I-oda kufanele licacise amaphuzu amaningana :

• umuthi okufanele ufakwe nebuli, ukupakishwa kwawo (isibonelo: umthamo owodwa we-2 ml), mhlawumbe ukuhlanjululwa kwawo noma ingxube yawo nezinye izidakamizwa;
• inani lezikhathi okufanele zenziwe ngosuku nokuthi kufanele zenziwe nini uma ezinye izinhlobo zokunakekelwa zinqunywa (isibonelo, ngaphambi kwezikhathi ze-physiotherapy);
• ubude beseshini ngayinye (imizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyi-10 ubukhulu);
• ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa;
• imodeli ye-nebulizer ne-compressor okufanele isetshenziswe;
• uhlobo lwemaski noma umlomo onconywayo.

Izigaba zokusebenza

• Amaseshini kufanele aqhutshwe kude nokudla ukugwema ukuhlanza;
• ikhala kanye nomphimbo kufanele kucace (sebenzisa idivayisi yekhala yengane ezinsaneni);
• kufanele uhlale ufulathele uqonde, noma endaweni ehlezi kancane yezingane;
• kufanele ukhululeke kakhulu;
• i-nebulizer ibanjwe ngokuqondile futhi umlomo, noma imaski, igcinwe kahle isetshenziswe ngokucindezela okukhanyayo;
• kufanele uphefumule ngomlomo wakho bese uphefumula ngokuthula;
• "i-gurgling" ku-nebulizer ibonisa ukuthi ithangi alinalutho, nokuthi isikhathi sesiphelile.

Izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe

Ngaphambi kweseshini:

• geza izandla zakho kahle;
• vula i-nebulizer bese uthela umuthi kuwo;
• xhuma umlomo noma imaski;
• xhuma ku-compressor nge-tubing;
• xhuma futhi uvule i-compressor.

Ngemva kweseshini:

Ngaphandle kwe-nebulizer esetshenziswa kanye, okokusebenza kufanele kuhlanzwe futhi kubulawe amagciwane ngokucophelela:

• ekupheleni kweseshini ngayinye, i-nebulizer kufanele ihlakazwe, konke ukulungiswa kulahlwa, futhi zonke izingxenye kufanele zigezwe emanzini ashisayo anensipho;
• nsuku zonke, izakhi kufanele zibulawe amagciwane imizuzu engu-15 emanzini abilayo;
• impahla kumele iyekwe ukuze yome endaweni evulekile bese igcinwa kude nothuli.

Ukukhethwa kwe-nebulizer kufanele kushintshwe esimweni ngasinye kanye nohlobo ngalunye lokwelashwa. Kufanele ihlangabezane nemibandela ethile.

Izithiyo zokukhethwa kwe-nebulizer yayo

• Uhlobo lomuthi okufanele lufakwe i-nebulizer: amanye amalungiselelo awafaneleki kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-nebulizer (isib. i-corticosteroids isakazwa kangcono ngama-nebulizer e-ultrasonic);
• iphrofayili yesiguli: ezinsaneni, asebekhulile noma abakhubazekile, imaski kufanele ikhethwe njengesikhombimsebenzisi sesiguli;
• ukuzimela kokusebenza nokuthutha;
• inani lemali (izinhlelo zokuqasha zikhona kubasabalalisi bemishini yezokwelapha);
• i-nebulizer kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ze-NF EN 13544-1 ejwayelekile futhi kufanele inikezwe imiyalelo enemininingwane yokusebenza kwayo, ukusebenza kwayo kanye nemisebenzi yokunakekela okudingekayo.