Le knee yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke ngokuhlanganyela emzimbeni. Kusemqoka ekuhambeni nasekuzinzeni kwethu. Phakathi nokunyakaza okuthile, njengokukhuphuka izitebhisi, amadolo asekela izikhathi ezingu-4 kuya kwezi-5 isisindo somzimba.¹. Ngakho-ke, bangenziwa buthaka kalula futhi balinyazwe ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe okuhlukahlukene okwenziwa emisebenzini ethile noma emidlalweni ethile. Umphumela ukwenzeka kwe izinkinga ze-musculoskeletal ezibangela ubuhlungu futhi zinciphise ukuhamba.

Amadolo avame ukuhlukunyezwa ngabadlali bezemidlalo nabadlali bezinga eliphezulu, ababacindezela ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi bawafake ekushayeni nasekuxhumaneni nabo. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ukulimala kwezemidlalo futhi kuhlobene namadolo⁸. Ubungcweti obudinga ukuthi ube sesimweni sokuququda noma ukuguqa kaningi (ngaphezu kwesigamu sehora ngosuku), ukuvuka njalo kulezi zikhundla ezimbili, ukugibela izitebhisi njalo noma ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo nakho kwandisa ingozi yokuhlushwa ubuhlungu bamadolo.

Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele okulandelayo, kungase kube usizo ukubhekisela ku-Anatomy yethu yamalunga: ishidi lemiqondo eyisisekelo elibonisa futhi lichaze izakhi ezihlukene ezakha ilunga.

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-musculoskeletal kweqembu lamadolo ndawonye izinkinga eziningi (bheka umdwebo).

• I-sprain, okuwukunwebeka komsipha (izicubu ezine-fibrous ezihlanganisa amathambo);
• The i-tendinopathies (noma i-tendonitis), okusho ukuthi ukuhlasela kwe-tendon, le "ntambo" ehlanganisa imisipha namathambo. Edolweni, imisipha eminingana ingabhekana nokuhlukumezeka noma izinyembezi;
• Izilonda ze-menisci, ama-cartilage amabili amancane, afana ne-crescent aphakathi kwe-tibia ne-femur edolweni ngalinye;
• I-hygroma noma bhursite kwamadolo, okuhambisana nokuvuvukala kwe "bursae", amapokhethi amancane akhona emadolweni indima yawo ukusiza ukushelela kwezintambo;
• La ukucindezelwa kwezinzwa eyehlela ohlangothini lwethole (inzwa yangaphandle ye-popliteal sciatic).

izinhlobo

Leli phepha lichaza izifo ezi-3 ezivame kakhulu ze-musculoskeletal of the knee: I-femoro-patellar syndrome futhi I-iliotibial band friction syndrome, evame ukutholakala kubasubathi, kanye i-knee bursitis, okubangelwa ukuguqa njalo nangesikhathi eside noma ukuhlukumezeka okuqondile.

Lezi zinhlobo ze-3 zezifo zixhunyaniswa nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamadolo futhi zizibonakalise kancane kancane. Akuvamile ukuba zibe umphumela osheshayo wokuhlukumezeka ngengozi noma ukushaqeka kokuxhumana, esikhundleni salokho okuholela ekulimaleni komsipha kanye ne-meniscus.

I-Patellofemoral syndrome

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye yesine yabasubathi iphathwa yilesi sifo ngesikhathi esithile. I-Patellofemoral syndrome ibonakala ngokucasuka kwe-cartilages yamadolo ahlangene. knee, phakathi kwe-femur (ithambo lethanga) kanye ne-kneecap (bheka umdwebo). Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zivela lapho ilunga likhona surutilisée noma ukuthi kugcizelelwa kakhulu, njengalapho kukhula ngokuzumayo ukuqina kokuzivocavoca, noma lapho kukhona ukungalungi kahle phakathi kwe-patella ne-femur.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko:

• I-sag ye unyawo unyawo (i-arch of the foot), ehlanekezela ukuqondanisa kwamadolo, kuyimbangela evamile. Izici zofuzo noma zezinto eziphilayo ziwumsuka wenkinga;
• Ukungalingani kwe amandla emisipha okwenziwa ku-kneecap, okukhiqiza ukungahambi kahle ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, nakho kuyimbangela evamile;
• La umkhuba ophindaphindiwe omunye wale misebenzi elandelayo: ukwehla noma ukwehla ngezitebhisi, ukugijima endaweni ekhuphukela phezulu, ukuhamba ngezinyawo ezinde, ukushwibeka njalo noma ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini lapho kufanele ugxume njalo (i-basketball, i-volleyball) ibhola, ukudansa…). Le misebenzi iyinkinga kubantu abanokungahambi kahle kwe-kneecap kanye nalabo abangalungiswa kahle ngokomzimba;
• Un ukuhlukumezeka kwamadolo kulandela ukuwa emadolweni noma engozini yomgwaqo.

I-Iliotibial band friction syndrome

Lolu hlobo lokulimala luvela esikhathini eside njengomphumela womkhuba ophindaphindiwe we ama-flexions futhi D 'izandiso zamadolo. Abasubathi abasengozini enkulu ngabagijimi bamabanga amade (4% kuya ku-7% abathintekayo⁷) nabagibeli bamabhayisikili. Ukucasuka nokuvuvukala kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlikihlwa okuphindaphindiwe kwezakhiwo ezimbili zedolo, engxenyeni yayo engaphandle: isikhathi eside. ibhande le-fibrous etholakala ebusweni obungaphandle bethanga (ibhande le-aliotibial) kanye ne-protuberance ye-femur (ithambo lethanga). Lesi simo ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi “i-windshield wiper syndrome” ngenxa yokuthi ukuzwa komdweshwana ohlikihla ithambo ngaphansi kwesikhumba kuvame ukuqhathaniswa nokukhala kwewiper kuwindi lomoya. ephindaphindayo.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko:

• Inkinga yeukuqondanisa kwamadolo kuvame kakhulu;
• Ukushoda kwe- Ukuguquguquka ibhande le-aliotibial kanye nemisipha exhunywe kuyo (i-tensor fascia lata kanye ne-gluteus maximus) cishe njalo ihilelekile;
• Umkhuba wemisebenzi edingekayo ukuguquguquka okuphindaphindiwe nezandiso idolo, njengokugijima unqamula izwe, ukuqwala izintaba, nokuhamba ngebhayisikili.

I-Knee bursitis

I-Bursitis ukuvuvukala noma ukujiya kwe-bursa, uhlobo lwephedi elincane eligcwele uketshezi olusiza ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamathambo, imisipha, nemisipha ngaphakathi kwedolo. Kukhona ama-bursa angu-11 edolweni ngalinye, kodwa i-bursitis ivame ukwenzeka phambi kwe-kneecap (i-prerotular bursitis).

Izimbangela eziyinhloko:

• Ukusebenza njalo ku ukusekela emadolweni kuyisici esiyinhloko ku-bursitis, ngoba ibangela ukuqina kwe-bursa esikhathini eside. Lolu hlobo lwe-bursitis ngezinye izikhathi lubizwa ngokuthi "idolo lowesifazane ohlanzayo";
• The uyawa emadolweni (i-volleyball, wrestling ...) kungabangela ukuvuvukala okungazelelwe kwe-bursa;
• La nokugijima kungabangela ukuvuvukala kwe-anserine bursa etholakala ohlangothini lwangaphakathi lwedolo, ngaphansi nje kwelunga.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Ukulimala edolweni okungalashwa kungawohloka Ubuhlungu obungapheliyo. Inqubo yesinxephezelo ngomlenze ongenabuhlungu ivame ukufakwa, okungaholela kwezinye izinkinga ze-biomechanical.

Ukuvama

The ukuphazamiseka kwe-musculoskeletal of the knee zivame kakhulu, kokubili kubasubathi nakuzo zonke izisebenzi. Ukusabalalisa kunzima ukulinganisa, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kwezifundo ezihlola indima yomsebenzi maqondana nokuphazamiseka kwamadolo kubonise ukuthi i-19% yabantu abasebenzayo (yonke imikhakha yezobuchwepheshe ihlangene) ikhononda ngobuhlungu bamadolo okwenzeka ezinyangeni ze-12 ezedlule.³.