Kukhona amazinyo amathathu kubantu: amazinyo e-lacteal, amazinyo axubile kanye namazinyo okugcina. I-lacteal dentition, ngakho-ke ihlanganisa amazinyo obisi noma amazinyo esikhashana, yakhiwe amazinyo angama-20 ahlukaniswe ama-quadrants angu-4 amazinyo ama-5 lilinye: ama-incisors ama-2, i-canine eyodwa kanye nama-1 molars.

Iqala ngabo-15^st Isonto lokuphila kwe-intrauterine, isikhathi lapho ukubalwa kwe-incisors emaphakathi kuqala, kuze kube yilapho kusungulwa i-lacteal molars eneminyaka engaba yizinyanga ezingu-30.

Nali uhlelo lokuqhuma komzimba lwamazinyo ezingane:

Ama-incisors amaphakathi aphansi: izinyanga eziyisi-6 kuye kweziyisi-8.

Ama-incisors asemaceleni aphansi: izinyanga eziyi-7 kuye kweziyi-9.

· Ama-incisors amaphakathi aphezulu: izinyanga eziyi-7 kuye kweziyi-9.

· Ama-incisors asemaceleni aphezulu: izinyanga eziyisi-9 kuye kweziyi-11.

I-molars yokuqala: izinyanga eziyi-12 kuye kweziyi-16

Ama-Canines: kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-16 kuye kwezingama-20.

· I-molars yesibili: kusuka ezinyangeni ezingama-20 kuye kwezingama-30.

Ngokuvamile, amazinyo aphansi (noma ama-mandibular) aqhuma ngaphambi kwamazinyo angaphezulu (noma ama-maxillary).^1-2 . Ngokukhipha amazinyo ngakunye, ingane ingase iququde futhi iconse amathe ngaphezu kokujwayelekile.

Ukuqhuma kwamazinyo kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezi-3:

-          Isigaba se-preclinical. Imelela konke ukunyakaza kwegciwane lezinyo ukuze lifinyelele ukuxhumana ne-mucosa yomlomo.

-          Isigaba sokuqhuma komtholampilo. Imele konke ukunyakaza kwezinyo kusukela ekuveleni kwayo kuze kube sekumisweni kokuthintana nezinyo eliphikisanayo.

-          Isigaba sokuzivumelanisa nokuvala. Imelela konke ukunyakaza kwezinyo kukho konke ukuba khona kwalo ku-arch yamazinyo (i-egression, inguqulo, ukujikeleza, njll.).

Ngeminyaka emi-3, wonke amazinyo esikhashana aseqhume ngokujwayelekile. Lesi simo sizohlala kuze kube yiminyaka engu-6, usuku lokubonakala kwe-molar yokuqala ehlala njalo. Sibe sesidlulela emazinyweni axubile azosabalala kuze kuphume izinyo lengane yokugcina, ngokuvamile lapho eseneminyaka eyi-12.

Kungalesi sikhathi lapho umntwana eyolahlekelwa khona amazinyo omntwana, kancane kancane athathelwa indawo amazinyo ahlala njalo. Impande yamazinyo obisi iphinde ihlanganiswe ngaphansi komphumela wokuqhuma okuyisisekelo kwamazinyo angapheli (sikhuluma ngayo i-rhizalyse), ngezinye izikhathi okuholela ekuvezweni kwe-pulp yamazinyo ngenxa yokuguga kwamazinyo okuhambisana nalesi simo.

Lesi sigaba senguquko ngokuvamile siphatha izifo ezihlukahlukene zamazinyo.

Nali uhlelo lokuqhuma komzimba lwamazinyo ahlala njalo:

Amazinyo aphansi

- I-molars yokuqala: iminyaka engu-6 kuye kweyi-7

- Ama-incisors aphakathi: iminyaka eyi-6 kuye kweyi-7

- Ama-incisors angemuva: iminyaka eyi-7 kuye kweyi-8

- Ama-Canines: iminyaka eyi-9 kuye kweyi-10.

Ama-premolars okuqala: iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kweyi-12.

- Ama-premolars wesibili: iminyaka eyi-11 kuye kweyi-12.

- I-molars yesibili: iminyaka eyi-11 kuye kweyi-13.

- I-molars yesithathu (amazinyo okuhlakanipha): iminyaka engu-17 kuya kwengama-23 ubudala.

Amazinyo aphezulu

- I-molars yokuqala: iminyaka engu-6 kuye kweyi-7

- Ama-incisors aphakathi: iminyaka eyi-7 kuye kweyi-8

- Ama-incisors angemuva: iminyaka eyi-8 kuye kweyi-9

Ama-premolars okuqala: iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kweyi-12.

- Ama-premolars wesibili: iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kweyi-12.

- Ama-Canines: iminyaka eyi-11 kuye kweyi-12.

- I-molars yesibili: iminyaka eyi-12 kuye kweyi-13.

- I-molars yesithathu (amazinyo okuhlakanipha): iminyaka engu-17 kuya kwengama-23 ubudala.

Leli khalenda lihlala liyinkomba ngaphezu kwakho konke: kukhona ngempela umehluko omkhulu eminyakeni yokuqhuma. Ngokuvamile, amantombazane ahamba phambili kunabafana. 

Ukwakheka okujwayelekile kwezinyo elivuthuluka akuhlukani kakhulu namazinyo ahlala njalo. Nokho, kukhona umehluko^{3 4} :

– Umbala wamazinyo obisi umhlophe kancane.

– I-imeyili incane, okubadalula kakhulu ekuboleni.

- Ubukhulu ngokusobala buncane kunozakwabo bokugcina.

- Ukuphakama kwe-coronary kuyancipha.

Amazinyo esikhashana avuna ukuvela kokugwinya okusuka esimweni esiyinhloko kuye esimweni esivuthiwe. Iphinde iqinisekise ukuhlafuna, i-phonation, idlala indima ekuthuthukiseni isisindo sobuso kanye nokukhula ngokujwayelekile.

Ukuxubha amazinyo obisi kufanele kuqale ngokushesha nje lapho amazinyo evela, ikakhulukazi ukuze ajwayelane nesenzo somntwana ngoba asisebenzi kakhulu ekuqaleni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kufanele kuqale kusukela eminyakeni emi-2 noma emi-3 ukuze ingane ijwayele. 

Izingane zisengozini enkulu yokushaqeka, okungaholela ezinkingeni zamazinyo kamuva. Lapho ingane iqala ukuhamba, ngokuvamile inawo wonke "amazinyo angaphambili" futhi ukushaqeka okuncane kungaba nemiphumela. Izigameko ezifuze lezi akumele zincishiswe kuthiwe zingamazinyo obisi. Ngaphansi komphumela wokushaqeka, izinyo lingakwazi ukucwila ethanjeni noma libe yi-mortified, ekugcineni libangele ithumba lamazinyo. Kwesinye isikhathi igciwane lezinyo elihambisana nalo lingalimala.

Ngokwezifundo ezimbalwa, ama-60% abantu abhekana nokuhlukumezeka okungenani okukodwa kwamazinyo ngesikhathi sokukhula kwawo. Izingane ezi-3 kweziyi-10 nazo zibhekana nalo emazinyweni obisi, futhi ikakhulukazi kuma-incisors amaphakathi aphezulu amelela u-68% wamazinyo ahlukumezekile.

Abafana bavame ukuhlukumezeka ngokuphindwe kabili kunamantombazane, kanye nenani eliphakeme lokuhlukumezeka lapho beneminyaka engu-8. Ukungqubuzana, ukuxubana kanye nokukhishwa kwamazinyo yizinto ezivame kakhulu ukuhlukumezeka.

Ingabe izinyo lengane elibolile lingaba nemiphumela emazinyweni esikhathi esizayo?

Izinyo lengane elithelelekile lingalimaza igciwane lezinyo elihambisanayo uma kwenzeka isikhwama se-pericoronal singcolile. Izinyo elibolile kufanele livakashelwe udokotela wamazinyo noma udokotela wamazinyo wezingane.

Kungani ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ukhiphe amazinyo ezingane ngaphambi kokuba aphume wodwa?

Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

– Izinyo lengane libole kakhulu.

– Izinyo lengane liphuka ngenxa yokushaqeka.

– Izinyo linegciwane futhi ingozi inkulu kakhulu ukuthi izothelela izinyo lokugcina.

- Kukhona ukuntuleka kwendawo ngenxa yokugoba ukukhula: kungcono ukucacisa indlela.

– Igciwane lezinyo lokugcina liphuzile noma libekwe endaweni engafanele.

Ukulahleka kwezinyo lengane yokuqala kuwukungqubuzana okusha nomqondo wokuthi umzimba unganqanyulwa kwesinye sezakhi zawo futhi ungakha isiqephu esicindezelayo. Lesi yisizathu esenza kube nezinganekwane eziningi kangaka eziloba imizwa enganeni: ukwesaba ukuba sezinhlungwini, ukumangala, ukuziqhenya….

La igundane elincane iyinganekwane edume kakhulu yemvelaphi yaseNtshonalanga okuhloswe ngayo ukuqinisa ingane elahlekelwa izinyo lomntwana. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, igundane elincane lithatha indawo yezinyo lengane, lapho ingane ibeka ngaphansi komcamelo ngaphambi kokulala, nekamelo elincane. Imvelaphi yale nganekwane ayicacile kahle. Kungenzeka ukuthi iphefumulelwe indaba kaMadame d'Aulnoy ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX, i-Good Little Mouse, kodwa abanye bakholelwa ukuthi baphuma enkolelweni endala kakhulu, okusho ukuthi izinyo lokugcina lithatha izici zesilwane esigwinya isilwane. izinyo lomntwana elihambisanayo. Sasethemba-ke ukuthi yigundane elaziwa ngokuqina kwamazinyo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyo lengane saliphonsa ngaphansi kombhede ngethemba lokuthi kuzofika igundane lidle.

Ezinye izinganekwane zikhona emhlabeni wonke! Inganekwane ye Fairy Fairy, yakamuva, iyindlela ye-Anglo-Saxon esikhundleni segundane elincane, kodwa imodelwe kumodeli efanayo.

AmaNdiya aseMelika ayevame ukufihla izinyo kulo isihlahla ngethemba lokuthi izinyo lokugcina liyokhula liqonde njengesihlahla. E-Chile, izinyo liguqulwa ngumama libe ubucwebe futhi akufanele kushintshwe. Emazweni aseningizimu ne-Afrika, uphonsa izinyo lakho ngasenyangeni noma elangeni, futhi kudanswa isiko lokugubha ukufika kwezinyo lakho lokugcina. E-Turkey, izinyo lingcwatshwa eduze nendawo esithemba ukuthi izodlala indima enkulu esikhathini esizayo (insimu yeyunivesithi yezifundo ezihlakaniphile, isibonelo). EPhilippines, ingane ifihla izinyo layo endaweni ekhethekile futhi kufanele yenze isifiso. Uma ekwazile ukumthola ngemva konyaka, isifiso sizofezeka. Ezinye izinganekwane eziningi zikhona emazweni ahlukene omhlaba.