I-Melanoleuca verrucipes (i-Melanoleuca verrucipes) isithombe nencazelo

I-Melanoleuca warty-legged (Melanoleuca verrucipes)

• I-Mastoleucomyces verrucipes (Fr.) Kunze
• I-Melanoleuca verrucipes f. bevuma (P.Karst.) Fontenla & Para
• I-Melanoleuca verrucipes var. chitha Raithelh.
• I-Melanoleuca verrucipes var. uzothola ama-goosebumps
• I-Tricholoma verrucipes (Fr.) Bres.

Isihloko samanje: I-Melanoleuca verrucipes (Fr.) Umculi

umlando we-taxonomic

Le "Warty Cavalier" yachazwa ngo-1874 ngusosayensi waseSweden u-Elias Magnus Fries, owayiqamba ngokuthi i-Agaricus verrucipes. Igama layo lesayensi elamukelwayo njengamanje, elithi Melanoleuca verrucipes, lihlehlela emuva ekushicilelweni kukaRolf Singer ngo-1939.

Etymology

Igama lohlobo lwe-Melanoleuca livela emagameni asendulo ama-melas asho okumnyama kanye ne-leucos okusho okumhlophe. Ayikho i-Warty Cavalier emnyama nemhlophe ngempela, kodwa amaningi anamakepisi anamathunzi ahlukahlukene ansundu phezulu namapuleti amhlophe ngaphansi.

I-epithet verrucipes ethize ngokwezwi nezwi isho ukuthi "ngonyawo olune-warty" - "ngonyawo olunezinsumpa, unyawo", futhi igama elithi "unyawo", yiqiniso, lisho "umlenze", uma kuziwa kusikhunta.

Ngokuvamile incazelo ye-Melanoleuca ezinhlobonhlobo iyiphupho elibi. I-Melanoleuca verrucipes iyinto ehlukile ejabulisayo, enye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-melaneuca ezingabonakala ngezici ezinkulu ngaphandle kokungena endle ye-microscope.

I-melanoleuca verrucous peduncle ihluke kozakwabo ngesiqu esilula, esicishe sibe mhlophe esimbozwe ngezikali ezincane, kodwa ezibonakala kahle ezinsundu noma ezimnyama, ezifana nezikhwebu noma izinsumpa.

ikhanda: 3-7 cm ububanzi (ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-10 cm), kusukela komhlophe kuya kukhilimu onesikhungo esinsundu ngokuphaphathekile, isigqoko siqala sibe yi-convex bese sicaba, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sine-tubercle encane ephansi, kumakhowe amadala abanzi noma acishe abe flat. , omile, anempandla, abushelelezi, ngezinye izikhathi abe namaxolo. Umbala umhlophe, umhlophe, ngokuvamile unendawo emnyama phakathi nendawo. Inyama yekepisi incane, imhlophe kuya kukhilimu ophaphathekile kakhulu.

amapuleti: ukunamathela kakhulu, njalo, namapuleti amaningi. Umbala wamapuleti umhlophe, u-creamy ophaphathekile, uba nsundu ngokukhula.

Leg: ubude obungu-4-5 cm nobukhulu obungu-0,5-1 cm (kukhona ama-specimens anesiqu esingafika ku-6 cm ubude futhi afinyelele ku-2 cm ubukhulu). Ifulethi elinesisekelo esivuvukele kancane. Eyomile, emhlophe ngaphansi kotwayi olunsundu kuya cishe komnyama. Ayikho indandatho noma indawo yonyaka. Inyama emlenzeni iqinile, ine-fibrous.

Umtfumbu: okumhlophe, okumhlophe, okukhilimu kuma-specimens akhule ngokweqile, akushintshi umbala uma konakele.

iphunga: amakhowe amancane, i-anise encane noma iphunga le-alimondi kungenzeka. Babhala nge-shades yephunga, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene: ama-alimondi ababayo, u-cheese crust, kanye nofulawa, izithelo. Noma: omuncu, i-aniseed, ngezinye izikhathi i-peary, ingase ingajabulisi kuma-specimens avuthiwe.

Taste: ithambile, ayinazo izici.

i-spore powder: ukhilimu omhlophe kuya kokuphaphathekile.

Izici ze-Microscopic:

Izinhlamvu ezingu-7–10 x 3–4,5 µm ubude be-ellipsoid, ezinamasumpa e-amyloid angaphansi kuka-0,5 µm ukuphakama.

I-Basidia 4-spore.

I-Cheilocystidia ayitholakalanga.

I-Pleurocystidia 50–65 x 5–7,5 µm, i-fusiform ene-apex ecijile ewumngcingo kanye ne-septum eyodwa, izindonga ezincanyana, i-hyaline ku-KOH, i-apex kwesinye isikhathi embozwa ngamakristalu.

I-tram yepuleti i-subparallel.

I-Pileipellis iyisicucu sezakhi ezingu-2,5–7,5 µm ububanzi, i-septate, i-hyaline nge-KOH, ibushelelezi; amaseli wokugcina ngokuvamile amile, ayi-cylindrical, anama-apice ayindilinga.

Ukuxhumeka kwe-clamp akutholakali.

I-Saprophyte, ikhula iyodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane enhlabathini noma ezikhungweni zamapulangwe, enhlabathini egcwele i-humus kanye nezimfunda ezinothile ngamaqabunga notshani, amapulangwe ezinkuni noma izinqwaba zomquba wasengadini.

I-Melanoleuca verruciforma yenzeka kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, isiqongo sezithelo ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla.

Kutholakala yonke indawo, akuvamile.

Enyakatho naseYurophu enezintaba, kwenzeka ngokwemvelo ezindaweni ezinotshani, kodwa kwezinye izingxenye zeYurophu kuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni zezwe - amapaki, utshani, izikwele. ENyakatho Melika, kwenzeka ePacific Northwest kanye nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga naseMid-Atlantic, ezindaweni ezinokhuni nakwezinye izindawo ezinotshani, noma emiseleni enotshani nangaseceleni kwemigwaqo.

Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwalolu hlobo emhlabeni wonke kuye kwanda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yokudluliselwa kwaso ezitshalweni ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, umquba wezimbiza, kanye nemboza yensimu ye-woodchip.

Amakhowe amaningi avela kuhlobo lweMelanoleuca abhekwa njengokudliwayo, kodwa ukunambitheka kwawo, ngokungagwegwesi, kunjalo-njalo. Mhlawumbe yingakho iziqondiso eziningi zaseYurophu ziwabala ngokuthi “Angadleki”, anamanothi ngesitayela sokuthi “njengoba lezi zinhlobo zamakhowe zidume kanzima ukuzibona, sincoma ukuthi zithathwe njengezisolisayo, futhi zingaqoqwa ukuze zidliwe.”

Kodwa-ke, akukwazanga ukuthola idatha ngobuthi be-Melanoleuca-warty-legged. Sizobeka lolu hlobo ku-"Inedible", hhayi ngenxa yokubuyisela kabusha, kodwa ngenxa yokungatholakali kwe-Melanoleuca verrucipes endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili. Ungayidli, kungcono uthathe izithombe eziningi ezinhle ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-Melanoleuca emnyama nemhlophe (Melanoleuca melaleuca)

Ngokwe-macroscopically ingafana kakhulu, kepha ayinazo izikali ezinsundu ngokumnyama esiqwini.

• U-Agaricus wavuma P.Karst.
• I-Agaricus verrucipes (Fr.) Fr.
• I-Armillaria verrucipes UFr.
• Ngivumelana noClitocybes P.Karst.
• I-Clitocybe igcwele amathafa P.Karst.
• I-Clitocybe verrucipes (Fr.) Maire
• I-Gyrophila verrucipes (Eng.) Yini.

Isithombe: Vyacheslav.