Bambalwa kithi abake bezwa ngesitshalo saseParaguay holly. Mhlawumbe ngoba ikhula kuphela eNingizimu Melika, e-Argentina naseParaguay. Kodwa yilesi sitshalo esingenasizotha nesingenasici esinikeza abantu umngane womshado - noma i-yerbu mate, isiphuzo esinikezwa amaNdiya unkulunkulu onamehlo aluhlaza uPaya Sharume. I-Mate emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka yasiza kuqala amaNdiya aphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ze-selva, kwase kuba abelusi-gaucho. Manje izakhamuzi zama-megacities, ukuphila kwazo kufana ne-squirrel esondweni, ziya ngokuya ziphendukela ezindaweni zayo eziyingqayizivele. Ivuselela futhi ifudumale, ipholise futhi inondle, futhi amasiko okuphuza afana nomkhuba wangempela - ongaqondakali futhi othakazelisayo, njengeNingizimu Melika ngokwayo.
I-Mate ibhekwa ngokufanelekile njengesiphuzo esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni: ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesikhombisa BC, amaNdiya aseNingizimu Melika ayesihlonipha njengesipho esivela konkulunkulu. Kunenganekwane yamaNdiya aseParaguay mayelana nomata. Ngandlela-thile, unkulunkulu onamehlo aluhlaza uPaya Sharume wanquma ukwehla esuka eNtabeni Yezwe aye eMhlabeni ukuze abone ukuthi abantu baphila kanjani. Yena nedlanzana labahamba naye bahamba isikhathi eside benqamula i-selva, bengenakudla namanzi, kwaze kwaba, ekugcineni, babona iqhugwane elinesizungu. Kuyo kwakuhlala ikhehla elinendodakazi yobuhle obumangalisayo. Ikhehla labingelela izihambeli ngomusa, laphakela inkukhu yalo okuwukuphela kwalo ukuze badle, labashiya bayolala. Ngakusasa ekuseni, uPaya Sharume wabuza ukuthi kungani behlala ngasese? Phela, intombazane yobuhle obunjalo obungavamile idinga umkhwenyana ocebile. Laphendula ikhehla lathi ubuhle bendodakazi yalo ngobukankulunkulu. Emangele, uPaya Sharume wanquma ukubonga abaphethe izihambi: wafundisa ikhehla ukulima, walidlulisela ulwazi lokuphulukisa, futhi waphendula indodakazi yakhe enhle yaba isitshalo esizosiza abantu hhayi ngobuhle baso, kodwa ngezinzuzo zayo - iHolly yaseParaguay.
Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ukubuyiswa kwezwekazi laseYurophu kwaqala, futhi izindela zamaJesuit zaseSpain zafunda ngalo mat. Kwakuvela kubo ukuthi isiphuzo sathatha igama laso elingokomlando elithi "umlingani", kodwa leli gama lisho ithanga elomisiwe - mati, lapho "itiye laseParaguay" lidakwa khona. AmaNdiya angamaGuarani ngokwawo ayeyibiza ngokuthi “yerba”, okusho ukuthi “utshani”.
AmaJesuit ayebheka isiko lokuphuza umngane womshado embuthanweni njengesiko likaSathane, futhi isiphuzo ngokwaso sasiwumuthi oklanyelwe ukuthakatha nokubhubhisa, ngakho isiko lokuphuza komngane womshado laqedwa ngonya. Ngakho, UPadre Diego de Torres wathi amaNdiya aphuza umlingani ukuze ahlanganise ukusebenzelana kwawo nodeveli.
Kodwa-ke, ngandlela thile, umlingani - njengelukuluku - waqala ukungena eYurophu ngaphansi kwegama elithi "itiye lamaJesuit".
В XIX ekhulwini leminyaka, ngemva kochungechunge lwezinguquko zenkululeko eNingizimu Melika, i-mat yaphinde yakhunjulwa: njengophawu lobunikazi bezwe, kwathatha ukuziqhenya kwendawo etafuleni hhayi nje kuphela yabantu abavamile, kodwa futhi nombuso omusha we-aristocracy wase-Argentina naseParaguay. Kwakukhona imfashini yasesaluni yokuphuza umlingani. Ngakho-ke, ngosizo lwegulane elinesivalo esivaliwe, intokazi encane ingabonisa umnumzane ophikelela kakhulu ukuthi akalungile kuye. Umngane omnandi noju kwakusho ubungane, okubabayo - ukunganaki, umlingani onamamolasi wakhuluma ngokulangazelela kwezithandani.
Kuma-gaucho alula, abelusi be-selva yaseNingizimu Melika, umngane womshado ubelokhu engaphezu nje kokuphuza. Wayekwazi ukuqeda ukoma kwakhe phakathi nokushisa kwasemini, efudumele ebusuku, ondle ngamandla ohambo olude olusha lwezinkomo. Ngokwesiko, ama-gauchos aphuza umlingani obabayo, owenziwe ngokuqinile - uphawu lwendoda yangempela, i-laconic futhi ejwayele ukuphila kokuhambahamba. Njengoba abanye abacwaningi bamasiko aseNingizimu Melika bephawulile, kungcono ukuthi i-gaucho ivuke amahora amabili ngaphambi kwalokho okulindelekile ukuthi iphuze kancane i-mate.
Kunamasiko amaningi okuphuza, wonke lawo ngokwemvelo ngokwesifunda.
E-Argentina, umphakeli oyinhloko wesiphuzo namuhla, ukuphuza komama kuwumcimbi womndeni, kuphela umbuthano omncane wabantu.
Futhi uma umenywe e-Argentina ukuze uthole umngane womshado wakusihlwa, qiniseka ukuthi wethembekile futhi ubhekwa njengothandekayo. Kuyinto evamile ukwenza ihlaya etafuleni, ukwabelana ngezindaba, futhi umlingani udlala indima yesici esihlanganisayo, njengoba ujeke wethanga udluliswa. Umnikazi wendlu ngokwakhe uphisa umngane womshado futhi awunikeze kuqala ilungu elihlonishwa kakhulu lomndeni.
Nokho, eParaguay, indaba ehluke ngokuphelele ixhunywe nokuphuzwa komngane womshado wokuqala: lowo owenzayo ubhekwa njengesiwula. Bonke abahlanganyeli be-matepita bayamphika, futhi lowo nokho owaba nesiphetho esinjalo uyohlala emkhafulela ehlombe ngala mazwi: “Angisiyena isiwula, kodwa lowo ongamnaki.”
Abantu baseBrazil baphisa umlingani ku-vat enkulu, futhi lowo othela izilaleli itiye ubizwa ngokuthi "cebador" - "stoker". Isitokofela siqinisekisa ukuthi kuhlale kunezinkuni namalahle kuhhavini, futhi “icebador” inomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi izihambeli zihlala ziphuza ngegula.
Kuphela kuma-30s XX ekhulwini kumata waphinde wadonsela ukunaka hhayi kuphela ezweni lakubo. Ososayensi baseYurophu babenesithakazelo eqinisweni lokuthi ama-gaucho ase-Argentina ngesikhathi sokushayela izinkomo ezinde angachitha usuku e-saddle - ngaphandle kokuphumula, ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo, esebenzisa kuphela ukumnika kwe-holly yaseParaguay. Phakathi nocwaningo olwenziwa yi-Pasteur Institute eParis, kwavela ukuthi impahla eluhlaza yesitshalo se-selva esingabonakali iqukethe cishe zonke izakhamzimba namavithamini umuntu awadinga nsuku zonke! Amaqabunga e-holly aseParaguay aqukethe uvithamini A, amavithamini B, amavithamini C, E, P, i-potassium, i-manganese, i-sodium, insimbi kanye nama-trace elements asebenzayo angaba ngu-196! Yile “cocktail” eyenza umngane womshado abe ithuluzi elibalulekile ekulweni nokukhathala okungapheli, ukucindezeleka, kanye ne-neurosis: ivuselela futhi ikhulule ukukhathazeka ngesikhathi esifanayo. I-Mate iyadingeka kubantu abanezinkinga zokucindezela: inyusa ingcindezi ephansi, futhi yehlisa ingcindezi ephezulu. Bese-ke, i-mate isiphuzo esimnandi kakhulu esinama-sweetish futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo amanothi e-tart.
Iyiphi indlela efanele yokupheka umlingani? Ngokwesiko, iphekwa esitsheni sekhava elomisiwe kodwa kuwenjengoba amaNdiya aseNingizimu Melika eyibiza kanjalo. E-Russia, igama elithi "kalabas" noma "calabash" (kusuka kwelesiSpanishi elithi "ithanga") selithathe izimpande. Yithanga, elinezimbotshana zesakhiwo, elinikeza umata lokho kunambitheka okuyingqayizivele nokubonakalayo.
Kodwa ngaphambi komlingani wokuqala, i-calabash idinga ukuvuselelwa: ngenxa yalokhu, i-mate ithululelwa kuyo (cishe ingxenye ye-calabash igcwele ingxube eyomile), ithululwe ngamanzi futhi ishiywe izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ama-tannins aqukethwe ku-mat "asebenze" ngesakhiwo esinezimbotshana se-gourd futhi asihlanze ngamaphunga amaningi. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ithanga liyahlanzwa futhi lomiswe. Ngokuvamile, ukunakekelwa okufanele kuyadingeka ku-calabash: ngemuva kwe-matepita ngayinye, kufanele ihlanzwe kahle futhi yomiswe.
Esinye isici esidingekayo se-matepita efanele i-bombilla - i-tube-strainer lapho isiphuzo siphuzwa kancane kancane. Ngokwesiko, yenziwe ngesiliva, okuyi-disinfectant enhle kakhulu, futhi inikezwe isiko laseNingizimu Melika lokuphuza umlingani emkhunjini owodwa embuthanweni, lokhu kuyadingeka nje. Induku icwiliswa esitsheni esinesiphuzo, iphendukele kophuzile. Kuthathwa njengokungamukelekile ngemuva kwalokho ukuhambisa ibhomu futhi ngisho nangaphezulu ukuyikhipha.
Futhi-ke, umuntu akakwazi kodwa ukusho mayelana ne-pave – umakhelwane okhethekile one-spout encane lapho amanzi eshiselwa khona umlingani. Amanzi kufanele alethwe emathumba, bese eyeka ukupholisa ku-70-80 degrees.
Yiqiniso, ezweni lanamuhla, kuya ngokuya kungavamile ukuthola amahora okuphuza umngane womshado, kodwa umngane womshado angabuye aphuzwe emshinini wokunyathelisa ovamile waseFrance. "I-zest" izonyamalala, kodwa lokhu ngeke kuthinte izakhiwo ezizuzisayo zomkhiqizo.
I-Mate, itiye lama-Inca namaJesuit, i-cocktail yemvelo eyingqayizivele enikeza abantu i-Paraguay holly, isitshalo esingenasizotha esikhula ku-selva yase-Argentina, ekhishwa ilanga. Isiphuzo sama-gauchos anesibindi nama-senoritas ase-Argentina abukekayo athathe indawo yawo esikweni ledolobha elikhulu.
Yiqiniso, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwempilo yesimanje, lapho yonke into ixakile futhi akucaci ukuthi kuphi futhi kungani bephuthuma, asikho ngaso sonke isikhathi isikhathi nethuba lokuphuza umama wangempela. Nokho, umuntu owazisa i-calabash ne-bombilla mate ngeke akwazi ukuphuza i-mate eyenziwe emshinini wokunyathelisa waseFrance. I-Snobbery? Kungenzeka. Kodwa yeka ukuthi kuhle kanjani, uphuza umngane womshado ngebhomu, zibone uyigaucho enesibindi, ebuka ku-selva enokhahlo.
Umbhalo: Lilia Ostapenko