😉 Sanibonani nonke! Siyabonga ngokukhetha isihloko esithi “Marina Tsvetaeva: A Brief Biography” kule sayithi! Nazi izigaba eziyinhloko zokuphila imbongi Russian of the Silver Age.
Ubuntwana nobusha
UMarina wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 8, 1892 eMoscow emndenini kaProf. U-Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev nomkakhe wesibili, umdlali wopiyano uMaria Alexandrovna Mayne. Umndeni wawunezingane ezine, ezimbili zomshado wawo wokuqala, njengoba inkosikazi yokuqala kaprofessor yashona ngesikhathi ebeletha.
Le ntombazane yaqamba izinkondlo zayo zokuqala ineminyaka engu-6. Kakade kule minyaka yayikhuluma isiFulentshi nesiJalimane. Unina wayefuna indodakazi yakhe ibe umculi, futhi kusukela eneminyaka eyisikhombisa, Marina kanyekanye wafunda ejimini yamantombazane kanye esikoleni somculo.
Intombazane yayithanda ukulalela izindaba zikayise mayelana nezinganekwane zaseGreece Yasendulo, futhi lokhu kwabonakala kamuva emisebenzini yakhe yothando.
Lapho uMarina eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala, umama wakhe kwatholakala ukuthi unesigaba sokugcina sofuba futhi umndeni wahamba waya e-Italy, edolobheni laseNervi eduze neGenoa. Ngo-1903-1905 intombazane yafunda ezikoleni zokuhlala eFrance, Switzerland naseJalimane.
Umkhaya wabuyela eRussia ngo-1905. UMaria namadodakazi akhe babehlala eYalta, futhi ngemva konyaka bathuthela eTarusa. Ngokushesha uMaria washona, uyise wawayisa eMoscow.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-17, uMarina wachitha izinyanga ezimbalwa eParis, lapho athunyelwa khona evela enyuvesi ukuze ajulise ulwazi lwakhe lwezincwadi zesiFulentshi zamakhulu eminyaka adlule.
Ngo-1910, iqoqo lezinkondlo zikaTsvetaeva lanyatheliswa, elakhanga u-V. Bryusov, M. Voloshin noN. Gumilyov. Imbongi encane ihlangana noMaximilian Voloshin.
Umndeni kaMarina Tsvetaeva
Ehlobo 1911 Tsvetaeva uchitha eCrimea, lapho ehlangana Sergei Efron. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, bashada, indodakazi yabo Ariadne (Alya) wazalwa. Ngo-1917, kwazalwa indodakazi yesibili, u-Irina, kodwa ngemva kokuphila iminyaka emithathu, umntwana washona.
USergei Efron noMarina Tsvetaeva
Njengabantu abaningi bokudala, uTsvetaeva wayengumuntu omlutha futhi evame ukuthandana. Ngokwesibonelo, wayenobuhlobo bothando besikhathi eside noB. Pasternak. Ekwindla ka-1914, uMarina wahlangana nembongi uSophia Parnok futhi baba nobuhlobo obuseduze obathatha iminyaka engaba mibili.
Iminyaka eminingi yengxabano yombango yayiwuvivinyo emkhayeni. U-Efron wakhonza e-Volunteer Army, kanti uMarina wasebenza emakhomishana ahlukahlukene eMoscow.
Ngo-1921, u-Efron wayesekudingisweni ePrague futhi wafunda enyuvesi. I. Ehrenburg, ngenkathi edlula ePrague, wadlulisela kuye umlayezo ovela kumkakhe. Ngemva kokuthola impendulo, Marina waqala ukulungiselela ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe.
Entwasahlobo ka-1922, yena nendodakazi yakhe baya ePrague. Lapha u-Tsvetaeva wayethandana nommeli uKonstantin Rodzevich, owathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa. Futhi-ke uMarina wasiza isoka lakhe ekukhetheni ingubo yomkhosi womshado, eqeda bonke ubudlelwano.
Ngo-1925, indodana yakhe uGeorge yazalwa futhi umndeni wahamba waya eParis. Kodwa lapha u-Efron wabekwa icala lokuqasha i-NKVD. Kusukela ngawo-1930, lo mndeni ubuphila onqenqemeni lobumpofu.
Ngezinye izikhathi uSalome Andronikova wanikeza usizo oluncane. USergei Yakovlevich wayegula kakhulu. Umthombo kuphela wemali engenayo kwakuyizindatshana ezabhalwa nguTsvetaeva. Indodakazi yathatha ama-oda okuhlobisa izigqoko.
Ukubuya okuyinhlekelele
Umyeni nendodakazi bahlale bencenga uMarina ukuba ahambe aye e-USSR. Entwasahlobo ka-1937, u-Ariadne wathola imvume yokubuya. Futhi ekwindla, uSergei Efron wabaleka ngokungemthetho, njengoba kwafakazelwa ukubamba iqhaza kwakhe ekubulaweni kwendodana kaTrotsky.
Ngo-1939, uMarina Ivanovna naye wafika e-USSR. Kodwa ukubuyela komkhaya ezweni lakubo kwaletha usizi nosizi olukhulu. Ngo-August, Alya waboshwa, ngo-October - Sergei. Wadutshulwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili. U-Alya wachitha iminyaka engu-15 ekudingisweni, wavuselelwa kuphela ngo-1955.
Ngo-August 1941, yena nendodana yakhe basuka baya edolobheni lamaTatar e-Elabuga. Ngo-August 31, 1941, eshiya amanothi ambalwa, imbongi yazilengisa endlini lapho yona nendodana yayo babehlanganyela khona. UGeorge washona empini, ehlobo lika-1944 futhi wangcwatshwa ethuneni elivamile eBraslav, eBelarus.
Ividiyo
Le vidiyo iqukethe ulwazi olwengeziwe nolwazi oluningiliziwe ngesihloko esithi "Marina Tsvetaeva: I-Biography emfushane".
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