Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyadlondlobala. Amaphaphu aluhlaza eplanethi ayanqanyulwa ukuze kuthathwe umhlaba ngezinye izinjongo. Ngokwezinye izilinganiso, silahlekelwa amahektha ayizigidi ezingu-7,3 ehlathi unyaka ngamunye, elicishe lilingane nezwe lasePanama.
Вlawa amaqiniso ambalwa nje
- Cishe ingxenye yamahlathi emvula emhlabeni isilahlekile kakade
- Njengamanje, amahlathi ahlanganisa cishe amaphesenti angama-30 omhlaba womhlaba.
- Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwenyusa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngonyaka ngo-6-12%
- Umzuzu nomzuzu, ihlathi elilingana nezinkundla zebhola ezingama-36 liyanyamalala eMhlabeni.
Silahlekelwa kuphi amahlathi?
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwenzeka emhlabeni wonke, kodwa amahlathi emvula yiwona athinteka kakhulu. I-NASA ibikezela ukuthi uma izinga lamanje lokugawulwa kwamahlathi liqhubeka, amahlathi emvula angashabalala ngokuphelele eminyakeni eyi-100. Amazwe anjengeBrazil, i-Indonesia, iThailand, iCongo nezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika, nezinye izindawo zaseMpumalanga Yurophu zizothinteka. Ingozi enkulu kakhulu isongela i-Indonesia. Kusukela ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, lesi sifunda silahlekelwe okungenani amahektha ayizigidi ezingu-15 omhlaba wamahlathi, ngokusho kweYunivesithi yaseMaryland USA kanye neWorld Resources Institute.
Futhi nakuba ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuye kwanda phakathi neminyaka engu-50 edlule, inkinga isuka kude. Isibonelo, ama-90% amahlathi okuqala ezwekazi lase-United States acekeleke phansi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1600. I-World Resources Institute iphawula ukuthi amahlathi ayisisekelo aye asinda ngezinga elikhulu eCanada, e-Alaska, eRussia naseNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Amazon.
Izimbangela zokugawulwa kwamahlathi
Ziningi izizathu ezinjalo. Ngokombiko we-WWF, ingxenye yezihlahla ezisuswe kuleli hlathi ngokungemthetho zisetshenziswa njengamafutha.
Ezimweni eziningi, amahlathi ayashiswa noma agawulwe. Lezi zindlela ziholela eqinisweni lokuthi umhlaba uhlala ugwadule.
Ochwepheshe bamahlathi babiza ukusika ngokucacile “ukulimala kwemvelo okungenakulinganiswa ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle, mhlawumbe, ukuqhuma okukhulu kwentaba-mlilo”
Ukushiswa kwehlathi kungenziwa ngemishini esheshayo noma ehamba kancane. Umlotha wezihlahla ezishile unikeza izitshalo ukudla isikhathi esithile. Lapho umhlabathi usuphelile futhi izitshalo zishabalala, abalimi bavele bathuthele kwesinye isiqephu bese inqubo iqala kabusha.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kubhekwa njengenye yezinto ezibangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Inkinga #1 - Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuthinta umjikelezo wekhabhoni womhlaba wonke. Amangqamuzana egesi abamba imisebe ye-infrared eshisayo abizwa ngokuthi amagesi abamba ukushisa. Ukunqwabelana kwamagesi amaningi abamba ukushisa kubangela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngeshwa, umoya-mpilo, okungeyesibili igesi etholakala ngobuningi emkhathini wethu, awumumbi imisebe ye-infrared eshisayo kanye namagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindawo eziluhlaza zisiza ukulwa namagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokweGreenpeace, minyaka yonke amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-300 ekhabhoni adedelwa endaweni ezungezile ngenxa yokushiswa kwezinkuni njengophethiloli.
akuyona yodwa igesi ebamba ukushisa ehlobene nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. futhi kungokwalesi sigaba. Umthelela wokugawulwa kwamahlathi ekushintshanisweni komhwamuko wamanzi kanye ne-carbon dioxide phakathi komkhathi nomhlaba yinkinga enkulu kakhulu esimisweni sezulu namuhla.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwehlise ukugeleza kwesitimu emhlabeni wonke ngo-4%, ngokocwaningo olushicilelwe yi-US National Academy of Sciences. Ngisho noshintsho oluncane kangaka ekugelezeni komhwamuko lungaphazamisa amaphethini wesimo sezulu esingokwemvelo futhi lushintshe amamodeli akhona esimo sezulu.
Eminye imiphumela yokugawulwa kwamahlathi
Ihlathi liyisimiso sezinto eziphilayo esiyinkimbinkimbi esithinta cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kule planethi. Ukususa ihlathi kulolu chungechunge kufana nokucekela phansi ibhalansi yemvelo endaweni kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele.
I-National Geographic ithi u-70% wezitshalo nezilwane emhlabeni zihlala emahlathini, futhi ukugawulwa kwazo kwamahlathi kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezindawo zokuhlala. Imiphumela engemihle nayo itholwa abantu bendawo, abahlanganyela ekuqoqweni kokudla kwezitshalo zasendle nokuzingela.
Izihlahla zidlala indima ebalulekile emjikelezweni wamanzi. Zimunca imvula futhi zikhiphe umhwamuko emkhathini. Izihlahla zinciphisa ukungcola ngokubamba amanzi angcolile, ngokusho kweNorth Carolina State University. Esigodini sase-Amazon, ngaphezu kwesigamu samanzi endaweni ezungezile avela ezitshalweni, ngokweNational Geographic Society.
Izimpande zesihlahla zifana namahange. Ngaphandle kwehlathi, inhlabathi igezwa kalula noma ishaywe umoya, okuthinta kabi izimila. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi ingxenye yesithathu yomhlaba olimekayo iye yalahlekelwa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kusukela ngawo-1960. Esikhundleni samahlathi angaphambili, kutshalwa izitshalo ezifana nekhofi, ubhontshisi wesoya kanye nezihlahla zesundu. Ukutshala lezi zinhlobo kuholela ekukhuleni kokuguguleka komhlabathi ngenxa yezimpande ezincane zalezi zitshalo. Isimo saseHaiti kanye neDominican Republic siyabonisa. Womabili la mazwe ahlala esiqhingini esifanayo, kodwa iHaiti ayinamahlathi amancane kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, iHaiti ibhekene nezinkinga ezinjengokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, izikhukhula kanye nokudilika kwenhlabathi.
Ukuphikisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kufanele kutshalwe izihlahla eziningi ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga. Ukutshala kungase kunciphise umonakalo obangelwa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kodwa ngeke kuxazulule isimo kuhlumela.
Ngaphezu kokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, kusetshenziswa amanye amaqhinga.
I-Global Forest Watch iqale iphrojekthi yokulwa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokuqwashisa. Inhlangano isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besathelayithi, idatha evulekile kanye ne-crowdsourcing ukuthola nokuvimbela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Umphakathi wabo waku-inthanethi uphinde umeme abantu ukuthi babelane ngolwazi lwabo siqu - yimiphi imiphumela emibi abahlangabezane nayo ngenxa yokunyamalala kwehlathi.