I-Leukopenia ibonakala ngokuntula izinga lohlobo lwamangqamuzana egazi ajikelezayo okuthiwa ama-leukocyte. Ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi i-hematological pathology. Lawa maseli ikakhulukazi ayingxenye yamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. (1)

Lawa maseli amhlophe egazi ayingxenye yamasosha omzimba kubantu futhi ayizinhlobo eziningana:

- ama-neutrophils: avumela umzimba ukuthi uzivikele kumabhaktheriya nasezifweni zefungal.

- ama-lymphocyte: angabakhiqizi bamasosha omzimba okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukulwa nezakhi zangaphandle emzimbeni womuntu.

- ama-monocyte: asiza futhi ekukhiqizeni amasosha omzimba.

ama-eosinophils: avumela umzimba ukuthi ulwe nama-agent athathelwanayo ohlobo lwe-parasite.

- ama-basophils: aphendula izakhi ze-allergenic.

I-leukopenia ingaba umphumela wezinga elingavamile ngayinye yalezi zigaba zamaseli.

Ngomqondo wokuthi kukhona ukuntuleka kwenani lama-leukocyte emzimbeni, amasosha omzimba athintekayo futhi ngenxa yalokho athwala ingozi enkulu yokutheleleka. (2)

Izinga “elivamile” lamaleukocyte egazini akufanele ngokuvamile libe ngaphansi kuka-3,5 * 10 (9) ilitha ngalinye legazi. Izinga eliphansi ngokuvamile liwumphumela we-leukopenia. (4)

I-leukopenia ivame ukudideka kakhulu ne-neutropenia. Ngephutha, njengoba i-neutropenia ibonakala ngokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ngokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwawo ngumzimba lapho uthatha izidakamizwa, isimila esiyingozi, njll. (1)

Izimpawu ezihambisana ne-leukopenia ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwe-leukocyte olutholakala luntula. (2)

I-anemia isewuphawu oluvame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-leukopenia. Umuntu one-anemia uzwa ukukhathala okukhulu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula kanzima lapho enza izivivinyo, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, isikhumba esiphaphathekile, amajaqamba emisipha noma ngisho nokuqwasha. (3)

I-Menorrhagia kwabesifazane, ehambisana nokugeleza kwegazi okungavamile ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Izikhathi zokuya esikhathini ziba zinde. Endabeni ye-menorrhagia, kuhle ukuthi owesifazane abonane nodokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngempela, lokhu kungase futhi kube uphawu lokutheleleka okubi kakhulu, ngisho nomdlavuza. (3)

Ezinye izimpawu, njengokukhathala okukhulu, imizwelo ecasulayo, ikhanda elinkenkethayo, nemigraines yizimpawu ze-leukopenia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, isiguli esiphethwe yi-leukopenia sisengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa izifo ezithile. Lezi zifo zingase zibe ngamabhaktheriya, igciwane, i-parasitic noma okubangelwa ukwanda kwesikhunta.

Ukuvuvukala kwesisu, amathumbu, njll kungase kube izimpawu ze-leukopenia. (3)

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-leukopenia, umuntu angabona futhi imfiva, ukuvuvukala kwezindlala, inyumoniya, i-thrombocytopenia (inani elingavamile lamaplatelet egazi), noma amathumba esibindi. (2)

I-leukopenia ingabangelwa izici eziningi. (2)

Kungaba yisifo, sokuzalwa noma esitholiwe, esithinta umnkantsha. Njengoba umnkantsha wethambo uthinteka, ama-stem cells akhiqizwa lapho (ama-hematopoietic stem cell), angumthombo wokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi, ngakho-ke awasakwazi ukukhiqizwa. Ngalo mqondo, kudala ukuntula ekukhiqizweni kwamaseli egazi esihlokweni esithintekile futhi kungabangela imiphumela emibi.

Ezinye zalezi zifo ziyisici sokuthuthukiswa kwe-leukopenia, njenge:

- myelodisplastic syndrome;

- I-Kostmann's syndrome (i-neutropenia enzima yemvelaphi yofuzo);

i-hyperplasia (ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli okukhulu ngokungavamile akha izicubu noma isitho.);

- izifo zamasosha omzimba, ezivame kakhulu i-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS);

- izifo ezithinta umnkantsha;

– ukwehluleka kwesibindi noma ubende.

I-leukopenia ingase ibangwe ngokuthatha imithi ethile. Phakathi kwalokhu ngokuvamile ukwelashwa komdlavuza (ikakhulukazi lezo ezisetshenziswa ngokumelene ne-leukemia). Ngaphezu kwalokho, singabala ama-antidepressants, ama-antibiotics athile, ama-antiepileptics, ama-immunosuppressants, ama-corticosteroids noma ngisho nama-antipsychotic.

Ezinye izici zingabangela nokuntuleka kwe-leukocyte. Lokhu ukuntuleka kwamavithamini kanye / noma amaminerali, ukungondleki kahle noma ingcindezi.

Izingozi zokuthuthukisa lolu hlobo lwesifo yizifo ezibalwe ngenhla, ikakhulukazi ezithinta umnkantsha noma isibindi nobende.

Ezinye izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke zingavela ekuntulekeni kwe-leukocyte, njengokuhlala uhlezi, ukudla okungenakulinganisela noma ngisho nokungondleki kahle, njll.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-leukopenia kungenziwa ngokuhlolwa komzimba okulula, ngokungahambi kahle ku-spleen kanye / noma ama-lymph nodes (izindawo lapho ama-leukocyte akhiqizwa khona).

Kodwa futhi ngenxa yesibalo segazi, i-bone marrow aspiration noma i-lymph node biopsy (2)

Ukwelashwa kwe-leukopenia ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Noma, ngokushukumisa umnkantsha. Ama-steroid (amahomoni akhiqizwe yizindlala ze-endocrine) avame ukusetshenziselwa ukugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwalolu hlobo lweseli. (3)

Ukuthathwa kwevithamini (uvithamini B) kungabuye kwelulekwe esimweni se-leukopenia. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi la mavithamini ahlobene eduze nokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana omnkantsha.

Noma ukwelashwa okusekelwe kuma-cytokines, iphrotheni elawula ukusebenza kweseli. (2)

Ukwengezwa kulokhu kukhuthazwa komnkantsha, isiguli esiphethwe yi-leukopenia kufanele silandele ukwelashwa okumvumela ukuba alwe nezifo ezithathelwanayo (ama-antibiotics, i-chemotherapy). Lolu hlobo lokwelapha luvame ukuhlanganiswa nokuvuselela amasosha omzimba. (3)