Ubude bomjikelezo we-ovarian buyahlukahluka kakhulu kusukela kowesifazane oyedwa kuya komunye, futhi ngisho nomjikelezo owodwa kuya komunye. Uma kwenzeka umjikelezo omude wokuya esikhathini, i-ovulation ngokunengqondo kwenzeka kamuva, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuzala.

Njengesikhumbuzo, umjikelezo we-ovulatory wakhiwa izigaba ezi-3 ezihlukene:

• isigaba sokulandelana iqala ngosuku lokuqala lokuya esikhathini. Ibonakala ngokuvuthwa kwama-follicle amaningana we-ovarian ngaphansi komphumela we-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH);
• nge-ovulation kuhambisana nokuxoshwa kwe-oocyte yi-follicle ye-ovarian evelele efinyelele ukuvuthwa, ngaphansi komphumela we-luteinizing hormone (LH) yokuhlinzwa;
• ngesikhathi seluteal noma post-ovulatory, “igobolondo elingenalutho” le-follicle liphenduka i-corpus luteum, eqala ukukhiqiza i-progesterone, indima yayo ewukulungiselela isibeletho ukuze kufakwe iqanda elivundisiwe. Uma kungazange kube khona ukukhulelwa, lokhu kukhiqizwa kuyeka futhi i-endometrium ikhishwe odongeni lwesibeletho: lena yimithetho.

Umjikelezo we-ovarian uthatha isilinganiso esiyizinsuku ezingama-28, kanti i-ovulation ngosuku lwe-14. Nokho, ubude bomjikelezo buyahlukahluka phakathi kwabesifazane, ngisho naphakathi kwemijikelezo kwabanye besifazane. Isigaba seluteal esinesikhathi esingaguquki esingaguquki sezinsuku eziyi-14, uma kwenzeka imijikelezo emide (ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-30), isigaba se-follicular siba side. Ngakho-ke i-ovulation kwenzeka kamuva emjikelezweni. Isibonelo, ngomjikelezo wezinsuku ezingama-32, ukuvuthwa kweqanda kuzokwenzeka ngokwembono ngosuku lwe-18 lomjikelezo (32-14 = 18).

Kodwa-ke, lesi yisibalo sethiyori kuphela. Uma kwenzeka imijikelezo emide kanye / noma imijikelezo engavamile, ukwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa, kuyanconywa ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona i-ovulation, ngakolunye uhlangothi ukucacisa usuku lwaso ngokuthembekile. Kunezindlela ezahlukene zalokhu owesifazane angakwazi ukuzenza yedwa, ekhaya: ijika lokushisa, ukubhekwa kwe-mucus yomlomo wesibeletho, indlela ehlangene (i-temperature curve kanye nokubhekwa kwe-mucus yomlomo wesibeletho noma nokuvulwa komlomo wesibeletho) noma ukuhlolwa kwe-ovulation. Lokhu kwakamuva, okusekelwe ekutholweni komchamo wokuhlinzwa kwe-LH, okuthembeke kakhulu kokuphola nge-ovulation.

Asizazi izimbangela ze-ovulation sekwephuzile. Kwesinye isikhathi sikhuluma ngama-ovari "amavila" ngaphandle kokuthi lokhu kube yi-pathological. Siyazi futhi ukuthi izici ezahlukahlukene zingaba nomthelela kubude bemijikelezo ngokuthonya i-axis ye-hypothalamic-pituitary emsuka wokuphuma kwamahomoni we-FS ne-LH: ukuntuleka kokudla, ukushaqeka ngokomzwelo, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ukwehla kwesisindo esisheshayo, i-anorexia, okukhulu. ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba.

Ngemuva kokumisa iphilisi lokuvimbela inzalo, kuvamile futhi ukuthi imijikelezo ibe yinde futhi / noma ingenzeki. Ukuphumula ngesikhathi sokuvimbela inzalo, ama-ovari angase athathe isikhathi esincane ukuze aphinde asebenze okuvamile.

I-ovulation sekwephuzile akudingeki ibe yi-ovulation engalungile. Ucwaningo lweSpanishi olwanyatheliswa ngo-2014 ngo Ijenali yase-Europe ye-Obstetrics & gynecology, ngisho nokusikisela okuphambene (1). Abacwaningi baphinde bahlaziya imijikelezo yama-ovarian yabesifazane abacishe babe ngu-2000 abanikele ngama-oocyte, kanye nezinga lokukhulelwa kwabamukeli. Umphumela: ukunikela ngeqanda okuvela kwabesifazane abanomjikelezo omude kwahlotshaniswa nephesenti eliphezulu lokukhulelwa kwabamukeli, okuphakamisa ama-oocyte ekhwalithi engcono.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma imijikelezo iba mude, izoba mbalwa phakathi nonyaka. Ukwazi ukuthi iwindi lokuzala lihlala kuphela izinsuku ezi-4 kuya kwezi-5 ngomjikelezo ngamunye nokuthi amathuba okukhulelwa aphakathi kuka-15 kuya ku-20% ngomjikelezo ngamunye kumbhangqwana ovundile oya ocansini ngesikhathi esingcono kakhulu somjikelezo (2), e isenzakalo semijikelezo emide, ngakho-ke amathuba okukhulelwa azoncishiswa kakhulu.

Uma imijikelezo ihlukanisiwe kanti ibikade iyisikhathi esimaphakathi (izinsuku ezingama-28), kuyalulekwa ukuthi uthintane ukuze kutholwe inkinga yehomoni engaba khona.

Ngezinye izikhathi imijikelezo emide kanye / noma engavamile ingaba esinye sezibonakaliso, esithombeni esivamile, se-polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) noma i-ovarian dystrophy, i-endocrine pathology ethinta i-5 kuya ku-10% yabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala. zala. I-PCOS ayibangeli inzalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa iyimbangela evamile yokungabi nabantwana kwabesifazane.

Kuzo zonke izimo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubude besikhathi somjikelezo, kuyafaneleka ukubonisana ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-18 zokuhlolwa kwezingane ezingaphumelelanga. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-38, lesi sikhathi siyehla sibe yizinyanga eziyisi-6 ngoba ukuzala kuncipha kakhulu ngemuva kwale minyaka.