The ezinso, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ” ezinso Ingabe amakristalu aqinile akha ezinso futhi angadala ubuhlungu obukhulu. Odokotela basebenzisa leli gama urolithiasis ukuqoka lawa makristalu, angatholwa futhi kulo lonke uhlelo lokuchama: esinyeni, e-urethra noma e-ureters (bheka umdwebo).

Ezimweni ezicishe zibe ngu-90%, amatshe womchamo kwakheka ngaphakathi kwezinso. Usayizi wazo uyahlukahluka kakhulu, kusuka kumamilimitha ambalwa kuya kumasentimitha ambalwa ububanzi. Iningi lazo (80%) lisuswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokudlula emiphethweni ehlukahlukene yohlelo lomchamo futhi kubangele izimpawu ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ama-ureters, aphakathi kwezinso nesinye, ayimibhobho emincane kakhulu. Itshe elenziwe ezinso, elithuthelwa esinyeni, lingavimba kalula i-ureter futhi libangele izinhlungu ezibukhali. Lokhu kubizwa nge- i-renal colic.

Ubani othintekayo?

Amatshe ezinso avame kakhulu, futhi ukwanda kwawo kubonakala kwanda eminyakeni engu-30 edlule. Phakathi kuka-5% no-10% wabantu bazobhekana nokuhlaselwa i-renal colic ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo. Amatshe ezinso avela kaningi kufayela le- ukuhlala yedwa. Zivamile ngokuphindwe kabili kuamadoda kunakwabesifazane. Ezinye izingane nazo zingathinteka.

Abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yabantu asebevele benayo i-calculus bazoba nayo futhi kungakapheli iminyaka eyishumi kusukela kuhlaselwe okokuqala. I- ushintsho. ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izimbangela

Izibalo zingumphumela we crystallization usawoti wamaminerali kanye nama-acids akhona ekugxilweni okuphezulu kakhulu emchameni. Inqubo iyefana naleyo ebonwe emanzini equkethe okuningi usawoti wamaminerali : ngale kokugxila okuthile, usawoti uqala ukucwebezela.

Amatshe ezinso angaba ngumphumela wezici eziningi. Ngokuvamile, zibangelwa ukuntuleka kokuhlanjululwa komchamo, okusho ukuthi ku-a ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphansi kakhulu. Ukudla okungalingani, okunothe kakhulu ngoshukela noma amaprotheni, nakho kungaba yicala. Ezimweni eziningi, noma kunjalo, asitholi imbangela ethile engachaza ukwakheka kwamatshe.

Okungavamile kakhulu, ukutheleleka, imithi ethile, i-genetic (njenge-cystic fibrosis noma i-hyperoxaluria) noma isifo se-metabolic (njengesifo sikashukela) singaholela ekwakhekeni kwamatshe omchamo. Ngokunjalo, ukonakala komgudu womchamo kungase kuhileleke, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.

Izinhlobo zokubala

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwetshe kuya ngesizathu, kepha iningi lamatshe ezinso aqukethe calcium. Ukuhlolwa komchamo nokuhlaziywa kwamatshe atholakele kuvumela ukwakheka kwawo kwaziwe.

Izibalo ezisekelwe ku-calcium. Zibalelwa ku-80% wawo wonke amatshe ezinso. Kubandakanya ukubalwa okususelwa ku-calcium oxalate (okuvame kakhulu), i-calcium phosphate noma inhlanganisela yalokhu okubili. Zibangelwa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, uvithamini D omningi, izifo ezithile kanye nemithi, izici zofuzo noma ukudla okunothe kakhulu nge-oxalate (bheka Ukudla esigabeni Sokuvimbela).

Izibalo ze-Struvite (noma i-ammonia-magnesian phosphate). Axhunyaniswe nezifo ezingelapheki noma eziphindaphindekayo zomgudu womchamo wemvelaphi yebhaktheriya futhi amele cishe u-10% wezigameko.¹. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zamatshe, zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa. Imvamisa, zakha kubantu abane-catheter yesinye.

Izibalo ze-Uric acid. Zimelela u-5 kuya ku-10% wezinso zezinso. Zakhiwa ngenxa yokuhlungwa okuphezulu ngokweqile kwe-uric acid emchameni. Abantu abane-gout noma abathola i-chemotherapy banamathuba amaningi okuthi babe nayo. Zingabangelwa nokutheleleka.

Amatshe e-cystine. Leli fomu liyivelakancane. Kuzo zonke izimo, ukwakheka kwabo kubangelwa yi- i-cystinuria, ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo okwenza izinso zikhiphe i-cystine eningi kakhulu (i-amino acid). Lolu hlobo lokubala lungenzeka kusukela ebuntwaneni.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Izinkinga zivame kakhulu uma amatshe enakekelwa kahle. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi ngaphezu kokukodwa isithiyo we-ureter ngesibalo, a ukutheleleka ihlala phansi. Lokhu kungaholela ekutheleleni kwegazi (sepsis) okuzodinga impendulo ephuthumayo. Esinye isimo esingaba sibi kakhulu lapho umuntu enesifo kuphelainso elilodwa ine-renal colic.