Okuqukethwe
Izifo zezinso emadodeni nakwabesifazane zihlanganisa izifo ezihlukahlukene eziphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwalezi zitho zesimiso somchamo. Isifo ngasinye sinezici zayo, sihluke esithombeni somtholampilo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha.
Ngokwezibalo, cishe amaphesenti angu-4 abantu baseRussia bahlushwa izifo ezihlukahlukene zezinso, nakuba ochwepheshe banombono wokuthi lesi sibalo sibukelwa phansi kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi izifo eziningi zezinso azibonakali futhi abantu abazi ngisho nezinkinga zempilo ezikhona. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzulazula izifo eziyinhloko zezinso, ukwazi izimpawu zabo nezindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha.
Ngokuvamile umuntu uthola ukuthi unezinga eliphezulu lesifo sezinso ngephutha, eze ezohlolelwa inkinga ehluke ngokuphelele. Phakathi kwabo, odokotela baze babize izinso izitho eziyisimungulu, ngoba izimpawu zokuqala zesifo kwezinye izimo zivela lapho sezivele ziyeke ukusebenza. Yiqiniso, udokotela angasola isifo ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, kodwa ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukuthi lokhu kuhlaziywa kuwele ezandleni ze-nephrologist, okwenzeka ngokungavamile kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ngokokuqala ngqa, iziguli zifunda ngokuba khona kukadokotela onjalo lapho zingena esibhedlela nge-infarction ye-myocardial.
Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho izinso ziyeka ukusebenza ngendlela evamile, izinga le-calcium egazini landa kakhulu, elivame ukufakwa ezitsheni, okwenza i-lumen yabo ibe mncane. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi iziguli ezinokwehluleka kwezinso zivame ukufa lapho zineminyaka engama-30-40 ubudala. Kulokhu, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ziba imbangela yokufa.
Izibalo kanye neqiniso eRussia nase-USA
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-nephrology yaqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo emhlabeni wonke ngemuva kokuba izifundo ezenziwa eMelika zembule izinombolo ezidumaza kakhulu. Kuvele ukuthi i-12% yezakhamizi zase-US zinesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, kanti abantu abangu-10% bathola ukuthi banesifo senhliziyo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abanesifo senhliziyo bathola ukwelashwa, ngoba bayazi nge-pathology ekhona, futhi abantu abanesifo sezinso bavame ukuhlushwa yi-myocardial infarction, bengasoli ngisho nokuthi yini eyabangela ukuba bathuthuke. Isiphetho esinjalo esidabukisayo sehlela ama-90% eziguli zezinso.
Ukwelapha abantu abane-pathologies yezinso kubiza kakhulu isabelomali sanoma yiliphi izwe, kuhlanganise neRussia. Isibonelo, inqubo ye-hemodialysis ibiza cishe ama-ruble angu-7000, futhi idinga ukwenziwa kathathu ngesonto kukho konke ukuphila kwesiguli. Ngakho-ke, akusona sonke isiguli esikwaziyo ukuthola ukwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, kubantu abayisigidi, abantu abangama-212 kuphela abahlinzekwe nge-hemodialysis. Futhi ungathola ukwelashwa kuphela ezifundeni ezinesabelomali esanele. Okufanayo kuya ngokufakelwa kwezinso. Kunezikhungo zokufakelwa kabusha eKrasnodar, eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg, kodwa zamukela iziguli “ezazo” ukuze zelashwe. Ngakho-ke, kulula ngesiguli sezinso esivela eRostov ukufakelwa isitho kwelinye izwe kunokuba, isibonelo, eSt. Iyodwa kuphela indlela yokuphuma kubantu abanjalo - ukuthuthela kwesinye isifunda ukuze bathole ukwelashwa okwanele kwesifo sabo.
Ukwelashwa kwabantu lapho i-pathology yezinso itholakala ngesikhathi esifanele ishibhile, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uhlolwe i-ultrasound yezinso kanye ngonyaka, ukuthatha i-AS ne-LHC. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini: iziguli ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme, abanesifo sikashukela, abantu abanokukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye ne-atherosclerosis.
Izimbangela zezinkinga zezinso
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izici ezilandelayo zingaqala isifo sezinso:
Ukuncipha okubukhali kwesisindo somzimba, okubangelwa ukuncipha kwe-capsule yamafutha ezungeze izinso.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Amafutha engeziwe acindezela izinso, aphazamise umsebenzi wazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuluphala kwandisa ithoni ye-vascular.
Isifo sikashukela.
Imikhuba emibi (ukubhema nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala). Igazi liyajiya, njengoba utshwala buholela ekuphelelweni kwamanzi emzimbeni, futhi intuthu kagwayi iwumdlavuza onamandla kakhulu. Konke lokhu kuthinta kabi umsebenzi wezinso.
Ingcindezi ephezulu elimaza imithambo yezinso futhi iphazamise ukusebenza kwayo.
Ungasola isifo sezinso kuwena uma unake kakhulu impilo yakho.
Ngakho, izimpawu zokwephulwa emsebenzini wabo yilezi:
I-Edema ebusweni ngokubunjwa kwezikhwama ngaphansi kwamehlo, ukuvuvukala kwemikhawulo ephansi. Kusihlwa, lokhu kuvuvukala kuyadamba. Isikhumba siba somile, siphaphatheke, mhlawumbe sibephuzi.
Ubuhlungu esifundeni se-lumbar bungabonisa i-pyelonephritis ne-hydronephrosis.
Ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ukushisa, ikhanda - zonke lezi zimpawu zenza kube nokwenzeka ukusola isifo sezinso.
Isizathu sokuxhumana nodokotela kufanele sibe ukwephulwa kwephunga, umbala kanye nomthamo womchamo.
Isifo sezinso: pyelonephritis
I-Pyelonephritis yisifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona. Lesi sifo sandile emisebenzini ye-urological. Cishe i-2/3 yakho konke ukuvakashela ku-urologist kuphetha ngokuxilongwa kwe-pyelonephritis eyingozi noma engapheli ngokulimala kwezinso eyodwa noma zombili.
Izimbangela zalesi sifo
Izimbangela ze-pyelonephritis ukuthi amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic aqala ukwanda ezicutshini zezinso:
Ama-microorganisms e-Pathogenic (ku-90% yamacala yi-Escherichia coli) angena ezinso endleleni ekhuphukayo. Nge-urethra, zingena esinyeni nangaphezulu. Abesifazane basengozini yokuthola lesi sifo, esichazwa yisakhiwo se-anatomical sesistimu yabo yomchamo.
Amagciwane angangena ezinso ngenxa ye-vesicle-urethral reflux. Phakathi nale nqubo, umchamo uphonswa emuva ku-pelvis yezinso, ngoba ukuphuma kwawo kungasebenzi ngenxa yesizathu esisodwa noma esinye. Ukuma komchamo ezinso kunomthelela eqinisweni lokuthi amabhaktheriya aqala ukwanda kuwo, okubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo.
Akuvamile, kodwa kusengenzeka ukuthelela izinso ngomzila we-hematogenous, lapho amabhaktheriya engena kuwo ngegazi esuka komunye umthombo wokuvuvukala.
Ingozi yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo iyanda uma i-ureters ivalwe ngetshe noma iphiniwe yi-prostate ekhulisiwe.
Izimpawu zesifo
Izimpawu ze-pyelonephritis eyingozi futhi engapheli zizohluka.
Izimpawu ezibonisa isigaba esibucayi sesifo:
Ukuthuthukiswa okungazelelwe kwesifo ngokuqala okukhulu kanye nokwanda kokushisa komzimba kuya emazingeni aphezulu (kufika ku-39-40 ° C).
Isiguli sijuluka kakhulu, isifiso sakhe sokudla siyanyamalala, ubuthakathaka buyanda.
Ikhanda elibuhlungu lingahambisana nesicanucanu ngisho nokuhlanza.
Ubuhlungu buvela esifundeni se-lumbar. Angaba namandla ahlukene, ngokuvamile atholakala ohlangothini olulodwa.
Umchamo uba namafu futhi ungase ube bomvu.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa ukwanda kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kanye ne-ESR.
Ngokuqondene ne-pyelonephritis engapheli, ngokuvamile i-asymptomatic futhi yenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda se-pyelonephritis ebukhali engaphathwa kahle. Umuntu angase abe buthakathaka kanye ne-malaise, isifiso sakhe sokudla siba sibi, ukukhanda ikhanda kuvame ukuvela. Ngezinye izikhathi endaweni ye-lumbar kukhona umuzwa wokungakhululeki. Uma lesi sifo sishiywa ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, khona-ke ekugcineni isiguli sizoba nokuhluleka kwezinso.
Ukwelashwa
Uma i-pyelonephritis yenzeka ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, isiguli siboniswa ukwelashwa okulondolozayo emnyangweni we-urological wesibhedlela. Kudingeka ukuthi athathe ama-antibiotics, akhethiwe ngokucabangela ukuzwela kwe-microflora etholakala ekuhlolweni komchamo. Ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale ngomuthi osebenza kahle kakhulu. Lezi zingaba ama-antibacterial agents avela eqenjini le-cephalosporins, i-fluoroquinolones. I-Ampicillin isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-pyelonephritis kancane kancane.
Ngokuhambisanayo, isiguli siboniswa ukwelashwa kwe-detoxification, ukudla okunokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni aphansi ekudleni kunqunyiwe. Ngemuva kokuthi izinga lokushisa lomzimba libuyele kokujwayelekile, isiguli sidluliselwa ekudleni okuvamile ngokunyuka kwevolumu yoketshezi.
Uma imbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kungukuphulwa kokuphuma komchamo, khona-ke kufanele kuqedwe, emva kwalokho kunqunywe ama-antibiotics, i-immunotherapy yenziwa. Ngokuvamile, ukubuyiselwa kokuhamba komchamo kwenziwa ngendlela yokusebenza (ukususwa kwamatshe ezinso, i-nephrplexy, ukususwa kwe-prostate adenoma, njll.).
Ngokuqondene nefomu elingapheli lesifo, ukwelashwa kwakhiwe ngokuvumelana nohlelo olufanayo, kodwa lude. Izifundo ezimfushane zokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic zinqunyelwe abantu abane-pyelonephritis engapheli ngisho nangemva kokuba ukuxolelwa okuzinzile sekufinyelelwe.
Isifo sezinso: i-glomerulonephritis
I-Glomerulonephritis yisifo esingelapheki sokuvuvukala kwezinso esinesilonda esiyinhloko se-renal glomeruli. Futhi, amashubhu ezinso kanye interstitium ahilelekile inqubo pathological. I-Pathology ingaba yisisekelo, noma ingathuthuka ngokumelene nesizinda sezinye izifo zesistimu.
Ngokuvamile, izingane zihlushwa i-glomerulonephritis, lesi sifo sisendaweni yesibili ngemva kwezilonda ezithathelwanayo zesistimu yomchamo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yi-glomerulonephritis ukuthi kaningi kunezinye izifo ze-urological iholela ekukhubazekeni, njengoba ibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphambili kokuhluleka kwezinso.
Izimpawu zesifo
Izimpawu ze-acute glomerulonephritis zibonakaliswa kulezi zimpawu ezintathu ezilandelayo:
Ukunciphisa inani lomchamo okhishwe, ukubonakala kwegazi kuwo. Njengomthetho, inani lomchamo elihlukanisiwe liyancipha ezinsukwini ezingu-3 zokuqala kusukela ekuqaleni kwesifo, bese libuyela evamile. Ngokuqondene nokungcola kwegazi, ngokuvamile akukho okuningi, i-macrohematuria iyivelakancane kakhulu.
Ukubonakala kwe-edema. Ubuso buvuvukala, obubonakala ikakhulukazi ekuseni.
Ukwenyuka komfutho wegazi. Lesi sibonakaliso sibonwa ku-60% weziguli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebuntwaneni kuvusa ama-pathologies ahlukahlukene wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Uma lesi sifo sikhula ebuntwaneni, ngokuvamile siqhubeka ngokushesha futhi siphetha ngokululama okuphelele kwesiguli. Ebudaleni, ngisho ne-glomerulonephritis ebukhali ingaba nesithombe somtholampilo esifiphele, esinomthelela ekuphikeleni kwalesi sifo.
Ngezinye izikhathi umkhuhlane, ukubandayo, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ubuthakathaka kanye nobuhlungu esifundeni se-lumbar kungenzeka. I-glomerulonephritis engapheli ijwayele ukubuyela emuva, evame ukwenzeka ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.
Izimbangela zalesi sifo
Izimbangela ezilandelayo ze-glomerulonephritis zingahlukaniswa:
Ukutheleleka kwe-Streptococcal kwenkambo eyingozi noma engapheli. I-angina, i-tonsillitis, i-pneumonia, i-streptoderma, i-scarlet fever ingaholela ekuthuthukiseni isifo sezinso.
Ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yokuvuvukala kwezinso yisimungumungwane, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane okuphefumula kanye nenkukhu.
I-hypothermia yesikhathi eside yomzimba, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama ophezulu, ngokuvamile iholela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Kulokhu, odokotela babiza i-glomerulonephritis "umsele".
Kunobufakazi bokuthi lesi sifo singakhula ngokumelene nesizinda se-toxoplasmosis ne-meningitis.
Ngokuqondene nokutheleleka kwe-streptococcal, akuwona wonke umuntu obangela isifo sezinso, okuyizinhlobo ze-nephritogenic ze-bacterium.
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwe-glomerulonephritis enenkambo ebukhali kwenziwa esibhedlela. Isiguli sinconywa inombolo yetafula lokudla 7 kanye nokuphumula kombhede okuqinile. Ngokuhambisanayo, ukwelashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane kuyenziwa, okuhlanganisa: i-Penicillin, i-Ampiox, i-Erythromycin.
Zonke iziguli ezine-glomerulonephritis ziboniswa ukulungisa ukungatheleleki. Ngale njongo, izidakamizwa ze-hormonal zinqunywe - izidakamizwa ze-Prednisolone nezingezona ze-hormonal - i-Imuran Cyclophosphamide. Ukuqeda ukuvuvukala, kunconywa iVoltaren. Uma kunesidingo, iziguli zinqunyelwe ama-diuretics ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, futhi futhi zenze ukwelashwa okuhloswe ngazo ukujwayelekile umfutho wegazi.
Ngokuqondene nefomu elingapheli lesifo, liphathwa ngohlelo olufanayo, kodwa isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi sokuxolelwa, iziguli ziboniswa ukwelashwa kwe-sanatorium kanye nokubhekwa iminyaka emibili yi-nephrologist.
Isifo sezinso: ukwehluleka kwezinso
Ukuhluleka kwe-renal acute kuwukwephulwa kokusebenza kwezinso, okuthi kwezinye izimo kungahlehliswe. I-pathology ibonakala ngokumiswa okuphinyiselwe noma okuphelele kwezitho. Yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa yizinso iyahlupheka: i-excretory, secretory, filtration.
Izimbangela zalesi sifo
Izimbangela zokwehluleka kwe-renal acute ziningi.
Kungcono kakhulu ukuzicabangela ngezindlela zale pathology:
Ukunciphisa ukuphefumula kwenhliziyo ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, i-arrhythmias, ukushaqeka kwe-cardiogenic, njll., kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwe-renal prerenal, okuhambisana nesifo esibucayi se-hemodynamic. Ukopha okukhulu, isifo sohudo esinamandla nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ama-ascites, nokusha okukhulu nakho kungavusa lolu hlobo lwesifo. umzimba. Ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic kanye ne-bacteriotoxic ngokuvamile kubangela ukwehluleka kwezinso.
Ifomu le-renal lokwehluleka kwe-renal okunzima liholela ku-ischemia yezicubu zezinso, noma ukulimala kwayo okunobuthi (uma kwenzeka ubuthi obunobuthi, izinsimbi ezisindayo, lapho uthatha izidakamizwa ze-nephrotoxic). Ngandlela-thile kancane, imbangela ukuvuvukala kwezinso, utshwala noma i-coma yezidakamizwa, ukulimala kwezinso, okuhambisana nokucindezelwa isikhathi eside kwezicubu zesitho.
Ukuvinjwa (ukuvinjwa) komgudu womchamo kuholela ekwehlulekeni kwe-postrenal. Kungenzeka ngenxa ye-urolithiasis, enezimila ze-prostate kanye nesinye, ngokutheleleka kwesifo sofuba.
Izimpawu zesifo
Izimpawu zokwehluleka kwe-renal acute zenzeka ezigabeni ezine eziyinhloko, okuhlanganisa:
Umuntu akaziboni izimpawu zesici ezibonisa ukwephulwa kokusebenza kwezinso ngesikhathi sokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo, ngoba izimpawu ze-pathology eyisisekelo zivela phambili. Mhlawumbe ukuvela kobuthakathaka, ukozela, ukulahlekelwa ukudla. Kodwa lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zibangelwa ukubonakaliswa kwesifo se-etiological.
Inani lomchamo okhishwe liqala ukuncipha, isiguli siqala isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza. Umuntu uyavinjelwa, ufuna ukulala, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-coma kungenzeka. Ezinye izitho zivame ukuhlupheka, kuhlanganise nenhliziyo, amanyikwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-sepsis ne-pneumonia akufakiwe. Lesi sigaba sibizwa nge-oligoanuric. Kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili.
Uma zingekho izinkinga zesifo, khona-ke umuntu uqala ukululama kancane kancane. Inani lomchamo okhishiwe liyakhula, ibhalansi kasawoti wamanzi emzimbeni ibuyela evamile.
Ukuhluleka kwe-renal acute kuphela ngokululama kwesiguli. Lesi sigaba side impela futhi singathatha unyaka owodwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona ukubuyiselwa kancane kancane kwayo yonke imisebenzi yomzimba.
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kokuhluleka kwe-renal acute kuhloswe ngokuyinhloko ekuqedeni imbangela eyabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo. Ngokuhambisanayo, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokulungisa ukucindezela, ukugcwalisa umthamo olahlekile woketshezi. Uma kunesidingo, isiguli sigezwa ngamathumbu.
Indlela ye-extracorporeal hemocorrection ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanze umzimba wezinto ezinobuthi eziqoqwe ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwezinso. Ukulungiswa kwe-hemosorption kuhlanganisa i-hemosorption ne-plasmapheresis.
Uma ukuvinjelwa kuyimbangela yokungasebenzi kahle kwezinso, khona-ke isuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
Ukuze ulungise i-diuresis, i-Furosemide ne-osmotic diuretics ikhonjisiwe. Iziguli zidinga ukudla okuphansi kwamaprotheni kanye ne-potassium elinganiselwe. Uma kunesidingo, isiguli sinqunywe izidakamizwa ze-antibacterial, kodwa umthamo wabo kufanele ukhethwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.
I-Hemodialysis yenziwa njengendlela evimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Umkhuba wanamuhla we-urological uyisebenzisa ngenkuthalo ngisho nasezinyathelweni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kokwehluleka kwe-renal acute, kanye nenhloso yokuvimbela.
Isifo sezinso: urolithiasis (nephrolithiasis)
I-Urolithiasis yisifo esihambisana nokwakheka kwamatshe ezinso (ukwakheka kwawo kwesinye isinye nezinye izitho akufakiwe). Lesi sifo sisabalele, singabonakala kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kodwa ngokuvamile sitholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engu-25-50 ubudala.
Izimbangela zalesi sifo
Izizathu zokwakhiwa kwamatshe ezinso zisekelwe ohlelweni lwe-crystallization yomchamo.
Ama-provocateurs angaba:
Ufuzo.
Ukungalandeli umthetho wokuphuza, ikakhulukazi lapho uhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Kuyingozi ukuphuza njalo amanzi anosawoti we-calcium kuwo, kanye nokulutha kokudla okubabayo, okunamafutha kanye nosawoti.
Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yezifo ezihambisana nokuhlanza kanye nesifo sohudo.
I-Avitaminosis, ikakhulukazi, ukuntuleka kwevithamini D kanye ne-vitamin A emzimbeni.
Izifo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba: i-osteoporosis, i-osteomyelitis, i-hyperparathyroidism, izifo ze-gastrointestinal tract (i-gastritis, izilonda, i-colitis), izifo zohlelo lomchamo (cystitis, pyelonephritis, nephrotuberculosis), kanye ne-prostatitis ne-prostate adenoma. Noma yisiphi isimo esiphazamisa ukuphuma okuvamile komchamo siyingozi.
Izimpawu zesifo
Izimpawu ze-urolithiasis zezinso zincike kumthamo wamatshe, inani lawo kanye nokwakheka. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo yilezi:
Ubuhlungu bokuguquguquka okuguquguqukayo nokwenziwa kwendawo endaweni ye-lumbar;
I-colic yezinso;
igazi emchameni;
Ubovu emchameni;
Kwesinye isikhathi itshe lezinso lizidlula lodwa kanye nomchamo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, cishe i-15% yeziguli azisoli ngisho nokuthi zinamatshe ezinso, ngoba azibonakali nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Ukwelashwa
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwelapha ezingenzeka zamatshe ezinso: ukonga kanye nokuhlinzwa. Nokho, bobabili banomgomo wabo wokukhipha amatshe ezithweni.
Uma isiguli sinetshe elincane, elingadluli ku-3 mm ngevolumu, khona-ke kunconywa ukuba aphuze amanzi amaningi futhi adle ukudla ngaphandle kwezitsha zenyama.
Uma itshe liyi-urate, khona-ke kufanele ulandele ukudla ngokugcizelela iziphuzo zobisi nokudla kwemvelaphi yezitshalo, kubalulekile ukuphuza amanzi amaminerali (alkaline). Amanzi amaminerali ane-Acidic anconywa ngamatshe e-phosphate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukunikeza izidakamizwa ezisiza ukuqeda amatshe, kanye ne-diuretics ne-nitrofurans. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa okunjalo kungenziwa kuphela yi-nephrologist.
Uma isiguli samukelwa nge-renal colic, khona-ke i-Baralgin, i-Platifillin noma i-Pantopon inikezwa ngokushesha ukuze iqede ubuhlungu. I-Novocaine blockade ye-spermatic cord noma i-round ligament yesibeletho, kuye ngobulili besiguli, yenziwa uma i-renal colic ingahambi nokuphathwa kwama-painkillers.
Ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka uma kukhona i-renal colic evamile, i-pyelonephritis iqala, ukuqina kwe-ureter, noma ezinye izimo ezisongela impilo yesiguli.
Isifo sezinso: i-hydronephrosis
I-Hydronephrosis yi-atrophy yezicubu zezinso, ezikhula ngenxa yokwanda kwe-pyelocaliceal complex, okubangelwa ukwephulwa kokuhamba komchamo. Ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-60, abesifazane basengozini yokuthola lesi sifo, kanti ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60, i-pathology ivame ukutholakala emadodeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwe-prostate adenoma noma umdlavuza we-prostate.
I-atrophy yama-nephrons nama-tubules ezinso umphumela wesifo. Iqala ngeqiniso lokuthi ngenxa yezinkinga zokuphuma komchamo, ingcindezi ku-ureter iyanda, umsebenzi wokuhlunga uyahlupheka, futhi ukugeleza kwegazi kwesitho kuphazamiseka.
Izimbangela zalesi sifo
Izimbangela ze-hydronephrosis zimi kanje:
Ukuba khona kwesimila, i-polyp, amatshe noma amahlule egazi ku-ureter.
Izifo ze-fungal ze-urethra.
Ukutheleleka kwe-urethra (isifo sofuba, i-endometriosis, njll.), i-strictures yayo kanye ne-diverticula.
Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, ukuzala, ukukhuphuka kwesibeletho, i-cyst ye-ovarian, isimila se-prostate, i-aortic aneurysm ku-peritoneum, i-anomalies endaweni yomthambo wezinso.
I-Urolithiasis, i-diverticulum yesinye, ukuvuthwa kwentamo yayo, i-vesicoureteral reflux nezinye izifo zalesi sitho.
Ukuvinjwa kokuzalwa komgudu womchamo, ukuhlukumezeka kwabo nokuvuvukala.
Izimpawu zesifo
Izimpawu ze-hydronephrosis zincike ekutheni umuntu unesikhathi esingakanani evalekile umgudu womchamo nokuthi yini edale inkinga.
Izinketho ezilandelayo zokuthuthukiswa kwesithombe somtholampilo zingenzeka:
Ukuthuthukiswa okunzima kwalesi sifo kubonakala ngobuhlungu obukhulu be-lumbar nge-irradiation yabo ku-groin, perineum nezitho zangasese. Ukuchama kuba njalo futhi kubuhlungu. Isicanucanu ngisho nokuhlanza kungase kwenzeke. Igazi livame ukutholakala egazini.
Inkambo ecashile yalesi sifo ivame ukubonwa nge-unilateral aseptic hydronephrosis. Kungase kube nobuhlungu obuncane beqolo obuba bubi nakakhulu ngemva kokuzivocavoca. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu uqala ukudla uketshezi oluningi. Njengoba i-pathology iqhubeka, ukukhathala okungapheli kuyajoyina, umfutho wegazi uyakhuphuka.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu abane-hydronephrosis bakhetha ukulala ngesisu ngesikhathi sokuphumula ebusuku. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuphuma komchamo ophuma ezinso ezinesifo, njengoba kuholela ekwabiweni kabusha kokucindezela ngaphakathi komgodi wesisu.
Anomalies ekuthuthukisweni kwezinso
I-nephroptosis yezinso
I-nephroptosis yezinso ibonakala ngokuhamba kwe-pathological kwesitho ngokufuduka kwayo okungaphezu kuka-2 cm ngokuma komzimba okuqondile futhi ngaphezu kuka-3 cm ngokuphefumula okuphoqelekile.
Izimbangela ze-nephroptosis zingase zibe ngenxa yokuncipha kwethoni ye-muscle yokucindezela kwesisu, i-hypermobility yamalunga. Kunezici eziyingozi emsebenzini. Ngakho-ke, abashayeli, abalungisa izinwele, odokotela abahlinzayo, abalayishi basengozini enkulu ye-nephroptosis, ebangelwa ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba okude ngesikhathi besesimweni esisodwa, noma ukudlidliza okuqhubekayo. Kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa i-pathology ngenxa ye-anomalies ehlukahlukene yamathambo, isibonelo, ngokungabikho kwama-vertebrae. Ngezinye izikhathi i-nephroptosis ivela kwabesifazane abathwele ingane enkulu.
Izimpawu ze-nephroptosis zibonakala ngokudonsa izinhlungu eziphuma esiswini. Lapho izinso zibuyela endaweni yazo, ubuhlungu buyaphela. Mhlawumbe ukwakheka kwe-renal colic, ukuphazanyiswa kwesimiso sokugaya ukudla, i-neurasthenia ngenxa yobuhlungu obungapheli be-pelvic. Ku-pathology enzima, ukuthuthukiswa kokuhluleka kwezinso, izifo eziqhubekayo zomchamo zingenzeka.
Ukwelashwa okulondolozayo ngokugqoka amabhandeshi akhethekile, ukwenza izivivinyo ze-gymnastic kanye nokudla okuthuthukisiwe kunqunyelwe i-nephroptosis emnene. Uma i-pathology iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iholela ekuphazamisekeni okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwezinso nezinye izitho, khona-ke ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka. Ukuhlinzwa kubizwa ngokuthi "nephropexy", kuhlanganisa ukubuyisela izinso endaweni yayo yokuqala ngokulungiswa okulandelayo kwesitho ezakhiweni eziseduze.
Isifo sezinso sePolycystic
Isifo sezinso se-Polycystic sibhekisela ku-anomaly yokuzalwa ekuthuthukiseni izitho futhi ibonakala ngokwakhiwa kwama-cysts amaningi kuzo. Zombili izinso zihlale zibandakanyeka enqubweni ye-pathological.
Izimbangela zesifo sezinso ze-polycystic zibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo esizindeni se-autosomal.
Izimpawu zalesi sifo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa zikhula ngokushesha futhi ziholela ekufeni kwengane. Lapho umuntu esekhulile, izimpawu zesifo zikhula kancane kancane, zibonakala ngokuphazamiseka kancane kancane kwezinso ngohlobo lokwehluleka kwezinso okungapheli.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sezinso ze-polycystic kuncishiswa kube yi-symptomatic therapy. Ukuqeda izifo, izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane kanye nama-uroseptic agents asetshenziswa. Kubalulekile ukuhlanganyela ekuvimbeleni isifo sezinso: udinga ukuyeka umsebenzi onzima womzimba, ulandele ukudla, uhlanganyele ekuqedeni okufika ngesikhathi kwe-foci yokutheleleka okungapheli. Esigabeni sokugcina sokuhluleka kwezinso, umbuzo wokufakelwa kwesitho uyavela. I-hemodialysis inconywa ukugcina umzimba usebenza.
I-dystopia yezinso
I-dystopia yezinso ukuphulwa kwendawo yabo. Lokhu okudidayo kubhekisela ekukhubazekeni kokuzalwa. Izinso zingatholakala ziphansi, zingasuswa endaweni ye-pelvic, esifubeni, njll.
Imbangela ye-dystopia yezinso i-anomalies ekuthuthukisweni kwe-fetus okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwengane.
Izimpawu ze-dystopia zingase zingabonakali nganoma iyiphi indlela, kodwa zingase zivezwe ngobuhlungu obuncane be-lumbar. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwazo incike ekutheni izinso zikuphi.
Ukwelashwa kunqunyelwe ekwelapheni okuvamile, okuklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka kwezinso, kanye nokwakheka kwamatshe kuzo. Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwezinso kwenziwa uma isifile.
Isimila esiyingozi sezinso
I-tumor eyingozi yezinso yiqembu lonke lezifo ezihlanganisa ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene okulimazayo kwezicubu zezinso. Phakathi kwenani eliphelele lezifo ze-oncological, umdlavuza wezinso uvela ku-2-3% yamacala. Imvamisa, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 baphathwa yilesi sifo.
Izimbangela
Izimbangela zesimila esiyingozi sezinso kungenxa yezinto eziningi, ezihlanganisa:
Ukuguqulwa kofuzo.
Ufuzo.
Imikhuba emibi.
Ukudla okungalawulwa kwezidakamizwa (ama-hormone, ama-diuretics, ama-analgesics).
Ukwehluleka kwezinso okungapheli, isifo sezinso se-polycystic, i-nephrsclerosis ye-etiologies ehlukahlukene.
Ubuthi be-carcinogenic bomzimba, ukuchayeka emisebeni.
Ukulimala kwezinso.
Izimpawu
Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zesimila esiyingozi sezinso azibonakali. Inkambo ye-asymptomatic iyisici sezinyathelo zokuqala zokukhula kwalesi sifo.
Njengoba iqhubeka, isiguli siba nezimpawu ezintathu ezilandelayo:
Ukungcola kwegazi emchameni.
Ubuhlungu esifundeni se-lumbar.
Ukubukeka kwesimila esingakwazi ukushaywa.
Ngokwemvelo, zonke izimpawu ezintathu zizobonwa kanyekanye kuphela ezigabeni zakamuva zokukhula kwesifo. Okunye ukubonakaliswa kwe-neoplasm eyingozi yezinso yilezi: umkhuhlane, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukuvuvukala kwamaphethelo aphansi, i-dystrophy, njll.
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwe-tumor eyingozi yezinso kuncishiswa ekususweni kokuhlinzwa kwe-neoplasm. Isetshenziselwa ngisho nasezinyathelweni zakamuva zokukhula kwalesi sifo nalapho kukhona ama-metastases. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukwandise impilo yesiguli futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yayo.
Kusetshenziswa ukukhishwa kwezinso noma ukukhishwa kwesitho emhlabeni jikelele. Njengendlela eyengeziwe yokwelashwa okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza, i-immunotherapy, i-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa okuhlosiwe kuyasetshenziswa. Ukwelashwa kwe-palliative kwenziwa nge-metastasis eningi yesimila kuma-lymph nodes.