I-IVF: buyekeza ngale ndlela yokusiza ukukhiqiza kabusha

La in vitro fertilization yasungulwa nguRobert Edwards, isazi sezinto eziphilayo saseBrithani, okwaholela ekuzalweni kuka I-tube yokuqala yokuhlola ingane ngo-1978 eNgilandi (Louise) nango-1982 eFrance (Amandine). Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa yiNational Institute for Demographic Studies, olwanyatheliswa ngoJuni 2011, kwabashadile abayikhulu abaqala ukwelashwa nge-in vitro fertilization esikhungweni se-ART (ukuzala okusizwa ngokwemithi), abangama-100 bazoba nengane ngenxa yokwelashwa kwe-IVF, ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu. Kusukela ngoJulayi 41, lezi zindlela zokuzala seziyatholakala naseFrance kwabesifazane abangashadile nabashadile.

Uyini umgomo we-in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

I-IVF iyindlela yezokwelapha ehilela ukunxenxa ukuvundiswa ngaphandle komzimba womuntu kuyilapho ingakuvumeli ngokwemvelo.

• Isinyathelo sokuqala: thina ivuselela ama-ovari kowesifazane ngokwelashwa kwamahomoni ukuze akwazi ukuqoqa ama-oocyte amaningana avuthiwe ukuze avundise. Ngalesi sigaba sokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwama-hormone zenziwa nsuku zonke futhi i-ultrasound kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqashwe impendulo yokwelashwa.
• Uma inombolo nosayizi we-follicles kwanele, a umjovo we-hormone sekuphelile.
• Emahoreni angama-34 kuye kwangama-36 ngemuva kwalo mjovo, amaseli ocansi aqoqwa ngu ukubhoboza kwabesifazane, nesidoda ngokushaya indlwabu emadodeni. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa isidoda esasiqandiswe ngaphambili somlingani womshado noma esalowo onikelayo. Kwabesifazane, ama-oocyte angu-5 kuya kwayi-10 aqoqwa futhi agcinwe ku-incubator.
• Isinyathelo sesine: umhlangano phakathi kweqanda nesidoda, okungukuthi ” vitro », Okusho ukuthi ku-tube yokuhlola. Inhloso wukuthola ukukhulelwa ukuze kutholwe imibungu.
• Le mibungu efanayo (inombolo yayo iyahlukahluka) izobe isidluliselwa emgodini wesibeletho sowesifazane. izinsuku ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha emva kokufukamela. 

Ngakho-ke le ndlela yinde futhi inzima - ikakhulukazi emzimbeni nempilo yowesifazane - futhi idinga ukwesekwa okunembe kakhulu kwezokwelapha ngisho nangokwengqondo.

I-IVF: liyini iphesenti lempumelelo?

Amazinga empumelelo ye-IVF ayahluka kakhulu kuye ngempilo yabantu abahilelekile, iminyaka yabo, kanye nenani lama-IVF asebenawo kakade. Ngokwesilinganiso, emjikelezweni ngamunye we-IVF, owesifazane unamathuba angama-25,6%. ukukhulelwa. Lesi sibalo sikhuphukela cishe ku-60% emzamweni wesine we-IVF. Lawa mazinga ehla ngaphansi kuka-10% kusukela onyakeni wamashumi amane wesifazane.

Yiziphi izindlela ze-IVF?

I-FIV ICSI

Namuhla, ama-63% e-in vitro fertilization anjalo I-ICSI (umjovo wesidoda we-intracytoplasmic). Esuselwa ku-IVF, aboniswa ikakhulukazi ezinkingeni ezinzima zokungazali kwabesilisa. Isidoda siqoqwa ngqo esithweni sangasese sowesilisa. Sibe sesijova isidoda eqandeni ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi siyasivundisa. Lokhu kwelashwa kuhlinzekwa futhi emadodeni aphethwe yisifo esiyingozi esingadlulela kwabashade nabo noma enganeni engakazalwa, kanye nakubashadikazi abanobunyumba obungachazeki ngemva kokwehluleka kwamanye amasu e-ART. Uma i-IVF nge-ICSI ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu, akuyona ukuphela kwendlela esetshenziswa namuhla eFrance. 

IVF nge-IMSI

THEumjovo we-intracytoplasmic we-spermatozoa ekhethiwe ngokwe-morphologically (IMSI) kungenye indlela lapho ukukhethwa kwesidoda kunembe kakhulu kune-ICSI. I-microscopic magnification iphindaphindwa ngo-6000, ngisho nezi-10 000. Le nqubo yenziwa ikakhulukazi eFrance naseBelgium.

I-In vitro maturation (IVM)

Ngenkathi ama-oocyte eqoqwa esesigabeni sokuvuthwa ukuze avundiswe ngokwesiko ku-vitro, aqoqwa esigabeni esingakavuthwa phakathi ne-IVF ne-in vitro maturation (IVF). Ngakho-ke ukuphela kokuvuthwa kwenziwa yisazi sezinto eziphilayo. E-France, ingane yokuqala eyakhulelwa yi-MIV yazalwa ngo-2003.

Ubani ofakelwa i-in vitro fertilization?

Ngemuva kokwamukelwa yiSishayamthetho Sikazwelonke somthethosivivinywa we-bioethics ngoJuni 29, 2021, imibhangqwana engabantu besifazane abathandana nobulili obuhlukile kodwa futhi imibhangqwana yabesifazane nabesifazane abangashadile bangalulama ukuze bathole ngosizo lwezokwelapha, kanjalo nokuvundiswa kwe-in vitro. Labo abathintekile kufanele bahlole impilo futhi bavume ngokubhala umthetho olandelwayo.

Ziyini izindleko ze-IVF eFrance?

Umshwalense wezempilo ufaka u-100% imizamo emine i-in vitro fertilization, noma ngaphandle kwe-macromanipulation, kuze kube yilapho owesifazane efinyelela eminyakeni engu-42 ubudala (okungukuthi 3000 kuya ku-4000 euros nge-IVF ngayinye). 

Ungayisebenzisa nini in vitro fertilization?

Kwabashadile abathandana nobulili obuhlukile, umbuzo we-IVF uvame ukuvela ngemva kohambo olude kakade, iminyaka emibili ngokwesilinganiso, ukuzama ukukhulelwa umntwana. Ukukhipha noma iyiphi imbangela ye-anatomical evimbela ukuvundiswa (ukungasebenzi kahle kwamashubhu, isibeletho, njll.), odokotela bezifo zabesifazane kanye nodokotela bayeluleka imibhangqwana ukuthi yenze ukuhlolwa kokuqala. Ezinye izici, ezifana nekhwalithi engalungile yesidoda, ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda esiphansi, ukungavamile kokuvuthwa kwamaqanda, iminyaka yombhangqwana, njll.

I-IVF: udinga ukuhambisana nokuncipha?

Ngokusho kukaSylvie Epelboin, udokotela ohlanganyele ngokuhlanganyela esikhungweni se-IVF se-Bichat Claude Bernard eParis, " kukhona udlame lwangempela esimemezelweni sokungazali, amazwi akhe avame ukubhekwa njengalulazayo “. Kulo lonke lolu vivinyo, oluphawulwa ngokuhlolwa kodokotela futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukwehluleka, kunjalo kubalulekile ukukhuluma. Ukubonisana nochwepheshe kukuvumela ukuthi ugweme ukucindezelwa yilabo abaseduze kwakho, ukuzehlukanisa nokuhlupheka kwakho nokuphathwa kwansuku zonke (impilo engokomzwelo, yocansi, njll.). Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlukanisa izinto ozithakaselayo, ukuzijabulisa ngemisebenzi njengombhangqwana nabangane, kanye hhayi ukugxila esifisweni somntwana kuphela. Impilo yocansi ingase ibe umthombo wengcindezi ngoba ijwayele ukuzala kuphela.

Ungaya kuphi ukuze uzuze ku-IVF?

Lapho ubhekene nokungabi nabantwana, imibhangqwana ingaphendukela kwenye ye 100 izikhungo d'AMP (usizo ngokuzala ngokwemithi) evela eFrance. Kunezicelo ezingu-20 kuye kwezingu-000 unyaka ngamunye, kodwa lokhu kungase kukhule ngokunwetshwa kokufinyelela kule ndlela kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokungaziwa zomnikelo we-gamete.

Kungani i-IVF ingasebenzi?

Ngokwesilinganiso, ukwehluleka kwe-IVF kungenxa yokungabikho kwama-oocyte ngesikhathi sokubhobozwa kwesibeletho, noma izinga lawo eliphansi, noma ukusabela okunganele noma okubaluleke kakhulu kwama-ovari ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kwamahomoni. Ngokuvamile kufanele ulinde Izinyanga eziyisi-6 phakathi kwemizamo emibili ye-IVF. Le nqubo ingaba necala kakhulu nsuku zonke kumuntu ozama ukuthwala ingane engakazalwa futhi kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ukwesekwa kunconywa kuwo wonke amazinga: ezokwelapha, ezengqondo nezomuntu siqu. Ngokuqinisekile kuyoba nesidingo sokuphumula ngemva kokuhlolwa ngakunye ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuqaphela lokhu ezingeni lochwepheshe.