I-Gelling inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yamakhemikhali esebenzisa ama-carbohydrate afana nezithelo i-pectin noma i-carrageenan njenge-thickeners. Njengoba amagama amakhemikhali ezinto ezahlukahlukene angahluka, uhlelo oluhlukanisiwe lokuhlukaniswa lwasungulwa ngo-1953, lapho umuntu ngamunye efunda isengezo sokudla ethola inkomba ye-E (evela egameni elithi i-Europe) nekhodi lamanani ezinombolo ezintathu. Ama-ejelling nama-gelling agents ngezansi kukhona enye i-gelatin yemifino.
E 440. IPectin
I-gelatin yemifino ethandwa kakhulu esikhundleni etholakala ezithelweni, imifino kanye nemifino yezimpande. Yaqala ukutholwa ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX ngusokhemisi waseFrance ngejusi yezithelo, futhi yaqala ukukhiqizwa ngezinga lezimboni engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. I-Pectin ikhiqizwa emikhiqizweni yemifino: i-apula ne-citrus pomace, i-sugar beet, obhasikidi be-sunflower. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-marmalade, i-pastille, ijusi yezithelo, i-ketchup, imayonnaise, ukugcwalisa izithelo, i-confectionery nemikhiqizo yobisi. Iphephile futhi iwusizo. Isetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
E 407. UKarraginan
Lo mndeni wama-polysaccharides utholakala ekusetshenzisweni kwe-redweweed Chondrus crispus (i-moss yase-Ireland), ebisetshenziswa amakhulu eminyaka. Empeleni, e-Ireland, baqala ukuyisebenzisa ekuqaleni. Namuhla, ulwelwe lutshalwa ngokuhweba, iPhilippines ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke. I-Karagginan isetshenziselwa ukugcina umswakama enyameni, i-confectionery, u-ayisikhilimu ngisho nefomula yezinsana. Kuphephe ngokuphelele.
E 406. IGelatin
Omunye umndeni wama-polysaccharides atholwe kuzimbali zasolwandle ezibomvu nezinsundu, ngosizo lwazo okulungiswa i-marmalade, u-ayisikhilimu, umashi, umashi, isoufflé, ujamu, ukuhlangana, njll. Izakhiwo zalo ezi-gelling zatholwa kudala emazweni ase-Asia, lapho kwasetshenziswa khona izimila zasolwandle i-Euchema ekuphekeni nasekwenzeni imithi. Kuphephe ngokuphelele. Isetshenziswe empilweni yansuku zonke.
E 410. Ushungwa webhontshisi wesikhonyane
Lesi sengezo sokudla sitholakala kubhontshisi we-Mediterranean acacia (Ceratonia siliqua), isihlahla esibizwa nangokuthi i-carob ngenxa yokufana kwezidumba zaso nezimpondo ezincane. Ngendlela, lezi zithelo ezifanayo, ezomiswe kuphela elangeni, manje sezaziwa ngokuthi yi-superfood esemfashinini. Gum i-carob etholwe endosperm (isikhungo esithambile) sikabhontshisi, ifana nenhlaka yomuthi, kepha ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya uyaqina futhi ugcwale ukukhanya. Isetshenziswa ekwenzeni u-ayisikhilimu, ama-yogathi nezinsipho. Ngokuphepha.
E 415. Xanthan
IXanthan (xanthan gum) yasungulwa phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMXth. Ososayensi bafunde ukuthi bangayithola kanjani i-polysaccharide eyakhiwe ngenxa yomsebenzi obalulekile wegciwane i-Xanthomonas campestris ("ukubola okumnyama"). Ukuze kukhiqizwe ngezinga lezimboni, amabhaktheriya ahlanganiswa ngesisombululo esikhethekile sezakhi, inqubo yokuvutshelwa (ukuvutshelwa) kwenzeka, ngenxa yalokho inhlaka iwa. Emkhakheni wokudla, i-xanthan gum isetshenziswa njengesilawuli se-viscosity kanye ne-stabilizer. Izinga le-hazard lesengezo alikho. Isetshenziswe empilweni yansuku zonke.
E425. Ushukela weCognac
Ungazithobisi, igama lale nto alihlangene ne-cognac. Itholakala ezigabeni zesitshalo se-Yaku (Amorphophallus konjac), esivamile e-Japan. Ibizwa nangokuthi "amazambane aseJapan" kanye "nolimi lukadeveli". I-cognac noma i-konjac gum isetshenziswa njenge-emulsifier, i-stabilizer, kanye nendawo yamafutha emikhiqizweni engewona amafutha. Isengezo singatholakala enyameni ekheniwe nenhlanzi, ushizi, ukhilimu neminye imikhiqizo. Kuphephile, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo eRussia kunqunyelwe.