I-ischium (evela esiGrekini iskhion, okusho ukuthi inyonga), ebizwa nangokuthi ischium, iyithambo elenza ingxenye engezansi yethambo le-coxal, noma ithambo le-iliac, elisezingeni lebhande le-pelvic (1).

Isikhundla. Ithambo le-hip liyithambo elilinganayo elenziwe ngamathambo amathathu ahlanganiswe ndawonye: i-ilium, ingxenye ephezulu yethambo le-hip, i-pubis, i-antero-inferior part, kanye ne-ischium, postero-inferior part (2).

Ukwakheka. I-ischium inesimo semikwele esingajwayelekile, njenge-pubis. Yenziwe izingxenye eziningana (1) (2):

• Umzimba we-ischium, osengxenyeni engaphezulu, uhlanganiswe ne-ilium ne-pubis. Umzimba we-ichion ubuye ube nesikhala somzimba esihambisana ne-acetebalum, ilunga le-hip, lapho ikhanda le-femur liboshelwe khona.
• Igatsha le-ischium, elisengxenyeni yalo engezansi, lihlanganiswe ne-pubis. Kukhona imbobo eyakha umgodi otholakele noma imbobo ye-ischio-pubic.

Ukufakwa nezindima. Amaphuzu amathathu okunamathisela akha i-ischium (1) (2):

• Umgogodla we-ischial wukuqhutshwa kwamathambo okutholakala eceleni nangaphakathi komzimba nasegatsheni le-ischium. Isebenza njengendawo yokunamathisela kulayini we-sacroépinous oyixhumanisa ne-sacrum, ithambo le-pelvic.
• Ukusikwa okuncane kwe-sciatic kutholakala ngaphansi komgogodla we-sciatic futhi kusebenza njengephaseji yezinzwa nemithambo ebekelwe izitho zangasese kanye ne-anus.
• I-ischial tuberosity, indawo ejiyile, itholakala engxenyeni engezansi. Isebenza njengephoyinti lokunamathisela le-ligament le-sacrotuberal eliyixhuma kwi-sacrum, nakwezinye izicubu zomzimba.

Ukudluliswa kwesisindo. Amathambo enqunu, kufaka phakathi i-ischium, adlulisa isisindo esisuka emzimbeni ongaphezulu siye entanyeni yesifazane bese siya ezingalweni ezingezansi (3).

Ukuxhaswa kwesisindo. I-ischium, futhi ikakhulukazi isifo sofuba se-ischial, isekela isisindo somzimba endaweni yokuhlala.

Indawo yokufaka imisipha. I-ischium isebenza njengendawo yokunamathisela yemisipha ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi imisipha.

I-neuralgia ye-Clune. I-Cluneal neuralgia ifana nokuhlaselwa kwe-cluneal nerve etholakala ikakhulukazi ezingeni lezinqe. Kungabangelwa ukucindezelwa kwezinzwa yi-ischium lapho uhleli (4). Ngokufana ne-pudendal neuralgia, iziveza ikakhulukazi ngokushoshozela, ukuba ndikindiki, ukushisa nobuhlungu.

ukuphuka. I-ischium ingahle iphuke njengokuqhekeka kwe-acetabulum, noma leyo yegatsha le-ischium. Lokhu kuphuka kubonakaliswa ikakhulukazi yibuhlungu okhalweni.

Izifo zamathambo. I-pathologies ethile yamathambo ingathinta i-ischium, efana ne-osteoporosis, ukulahleka kwesisindo samathambo futhi kuvame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-60 (5).

Ukwelashwa. Ngokuya ngesifo esitholakele, kungabekwa imishanguzo ethile ukunciphisa izinhlungu.

Ukwelashwa kwamathambo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokwephuka, ukufakwa kosimende noma i-resin kungenziwa.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology kanye nokuziphendukela kwayo, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungenziwa.

Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba. Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezithile zokuzivocavoca, kungabekwa njenge-physiotherapy noma i-physiotherapy.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komzimba ukubona ukunyakaza okubuhlungu nembangela yobuhlungu.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ngokuya nge-pathology esolwayo noma efakazelwe, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezengeziwe njenge-X-ray, i-ultrasound, i-CT scan, i-MRI, i-scintigraphy noma i-densitometry yethambo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezokwelapha. Ukuze ubone izifo ezithile, ukuhlaziywa kwegazi noma komchamo kungenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiso se-phosphorus noma i-calcium.

Igama elithi "isikhombisi se-hip" isisho esivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ngabethuli bezemidlalo emazweni ase-Anglo-Saxon ukuqoka ubuhlungu noma ukulimala enqulwini. (6)