"Izinga lokuphumelela komgomo wokugomela umkhuhlane livame ukuba phezulu," kusho uHélène Gingras, okhulumela uMnyango Wezempilo Nezinsizakalo Zezenhlalakahle eQuebec. Uma izinhlobo zomuthi wokugoma nalezo ezijikelezayo zifanelana ngokuphelele, ukusebenza kahle okungama-70% kuya ku-90% kufinyelelwa. Eqinisweni, ngo-2007, izinhlobo ezimbili zokugoma azizange zifaniswe nezinhlobo ezibangele izimo eziningi zomkhuhlane. Ikakhulukazi, uhlobo B lomuthi wokugoma lutholakale lungasebenzi ngokumelene nohlobo B olujikelezayo.¹.

“Naphezu kwakho konke, noma ngabe ukusebenza kahle kungakapheleli, ukugoma kusewukuvikela okungcono kakhulu kubantu abasengozini, kugcizelela u-Hélène Gingras. Nakuba sazi ukuthi abantu abadala, isibonelo, abasabeli kahle emuthini wokugoma njengabantu abasebasha amasosha abo omzimba asebenza kangcono. Yebo, izinyathelo zokuhlanzeka ezifana nokugeza izandla kanye nemikhuba yokuphefumula nazo zibaluleke kakhulu, uyakhumbula. “Kepha yize umuthi wokugoma ungavimbeli ngaso sonke isikhathi umuntu osekhulile ukuthi angenwe umkhuhlane, uyabunciphisa ubunzima kanye nezinkinga. Futhi kunciphisa izinga lokufa. Umkhuhlane ubangela ukufa kwabantu abayi-1 kuye ku-000 eQuebec unyaka ngamunye, ikakhulukazi kwabadala. “

Kuze kube muva nje, ukuncishiswa okulinganiselwe kwenani lokufa okubangelwa umkhuhlane kubantu asebekhulile bekungama-50% kanye nokuncipha kokulaliswa esibhedlela ngama-30%, umphumela omuhle kakhulu wezempilo yomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, abacwaningi baye bangabaza imiphumela yezifundo zokulawulwa kwamacala okuholela kulawa mazinga okunciphisa: le miphumela izobe ihlanekezelwe yisici esididayo esibizwa ngokuthi "umphumela onempilo wesiguli" ("umphumela onempilo wesiguli")umphumela womsebenzisi onempilo)^2-8 .

“Abantu abagonywayo bayiziguli ezikahle ezibonana nodokotela bazo njalo, eziphuza imithi yazo, ezivivinya umzimba futhi zidle kahle,” kusho uSumit R. Majumdar, udokotela nomsizi kaprofesa eMnyangweni Wesayensi Yezempilo Yomphakathi ‘eNyuvesi yase-Alberta e-Edmonton. Nakuba abantu abadala ababuthaka abanobunzima bokuhambahamba maningi amathuba okuthi bangawutholi umgomo. “

Uma lezi zici zinganakwa ekuhlaziyeni idatha yezibalo, imiphumela ichemile, ngokusho kuka-D^r Majumdar. “Abantu abangagonyiwe maningi amathuba okuba balaliswe esibhedlela noma babulawe umkhuhlane, hhayi ngoba bengagonyiwe, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi impilo yabo ekuqaleni iba ntekenteke,” kuchaza yena.

Ucwaningo lwaseCanada olulawulwa yicala oluholwa nguDkt.^r I-Majumdar futhi yanyatheliswa ngo-September 2008 yacabangela le nto ebalulekile edidayo⁸, njengocwaningo olufanayo olwenziwa e-United States futhi lwanyatheliswa ngo-August 2008⁷. Ithimba laseCanada lihlole amarekhodi ezempilo abantu asebekhulile abangu-704 abalaliswe ezibhedlela eziyisithupha ezinenyumoniya, inkinga evame kakhulu futhi eyingozi yomkhuhlane. Ingxenye yabo yayigonyiwe, enye ayizange igonywe.

Umphumela: “Ucwaningo lwethu lubonisa ukuthi iqiniso lokugonywa noma ukungagonywa alinawo umthelela ezingeni lokufa kwabantu abalaliswe inyumoniya,” kuphawula uD.^r Majumbar. Lokhu akusho ukuthi laba bantu akufanele bagonywe. Kunalokho, kusho ukuthi asenzi okwanele ukunciphisa umkhuhlane ngezinye izindlela. Isibonelo, akukho ukukhangisa kwezempilo yomphakathi okwanele mayelana nokugeza izandla, isilinganiso esinobufakazi obuqine kakhulu bokusebenza. “

Ucwaningo lwase-US, olwanyatheliswa ngo-Agasti 2008, lwabheka iziguli eziningi futhi lwabheka izinga le-pneumonia kubantu abadala abagonyiwe nabangakagonywa.⁷. Isinqumo sinye: ukudubula komkhuhlane akusebenzi kakhulu ekuvimbeleni inyumoniya, okuyiyona nkinga enkulu yomkhuhlane.

Imiphumela yalezi zifundo ezimbili ayimangazi uD^re UMaryse Guay, umeluleki wezokwelapha e-Institut de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ)⁹. “Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi umuthi wokugoma awusebenzi kahle kubantu asebekhulile, kodwa, okwamanje, lezi zifundo ezimbili azanele uma ziqhathaniswa nayo yonke imininingwane emihle esiyiqoqile mayelana nokusebenza komgomo. umuthi wokugoma,” kuchaza yena. Uyaphawula, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthi kuzo zombili izifundo, isibalo sabantu esicwaningiwe sicacile kakhulu nokuthi ucwaningo lwaseCanada lwenziwa ngaphandle kwenkathi yomkhuhlane. “Kodwa-ke sihlala siqaphile futhi sicubungula konke okushicilelwe ngalolu daba. Okubi kakhulu, asigoma lutho, kodwa lo mgomo, uma uqhathaniswa neminye, awubizi futhi siyazi ukuthi uyasebenza kubantu abanempilo, ”uyanezela.

“Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imali eningi ukuze kwandiswe ukugonywa kwabantu asebekhulile, kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe izifundo zomtholampilo ezilawulwa yi-placebo ukuze ube nombono oqondile ngezinga langempela lokusebenza komgomo, nokho kusho uDkt.^r Majumdar. Okwamanje, kwenziwa ucwaningo olulodwa kuphela lwalolu hlobo, eminyakeni eyi-15 eyedlule, eNetherlands: abacwaningi babe sebebona ukusebenza komgomo okucishe kube iqanda. Sidinga ubufakazi bomtholampilo obuqinile. “

“Imininingwane yomtholampilo indala, kuvuma i-D^re Guay. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sinombono wokuthi umgomo uyasebenza, lezi zifundo azenziwa ngoba ngeke kube yisimilo ukunikeza i-placebo. Ukwengeza, ukwenza izivivinyo zomtholampilo zokugomela umkhuhlane kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba izinhlobo zomuthi wokugoma ziyahlukahluka unyaka ngamunye futhi ngeke siqiniseke ukuthi zizovikela kulawo azungezayo. “

Izingane zingabadlulisi abakhulu bomkhuhlane. Izimpawu zabo azibi kakhulu kunezabantu abadala, ngakho abazali abazinaki kakhulu. Umphumela: izingane azihlukanisiwe futhi presto! umama uyayibamba futhi mhlawumbe nomkhulu, ohlala endaweni yokuhlala. Akuthathi okwengeziwe ukudala ukuqubuka kwabantu abasengozini yezinkinga.

I-D^r UMajumbar usebenzisa isibonelo saseJapane ukuze abonise ukuthi ukugonywa kwezingane kufanele kukhuthazwe. Kuleli zwe, lapho bekunohlelo lomhlaba wonke lokugonywa kwezingane esikoleni, izinga lomkhuhlane landa kubantu asebekhulile ngesikhathi lesi sinyathelo siyekwa. “Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi izingane ngokujwayelekile kanye nalabo abaseduze nabantu abadala bagonywe,” uyaphakamisa. Njengoba amasosha abo omzimba esabela kangcono ekugomeni kunalawo asebekhulile, umgomo ubavikela kangcono. Uma bengawutholi umkhuhlane, ngeke bawudlulise. “

Isimo saseJapan asikwazi ukudluliselwa kuleso saseQuebec noma eCanada, umthunzi D^re UGuay: “EJapane, ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingane nogogo nomkhulu kuseduze kakhulu futhi kuvame, ngoba ngokuvamile behlala endlini eyodwa, akunjalo lapha. Kule minyaka embalwa edlule, sixoxile ngokubaluleka kokunikeza umgomo kuzo zonke izingane e-Quebec, kodwa kakade asiphumeleli ngokwanele ekufinyeleleni abantu okuhlosiwe, ikakhulukazi abantu abasengozini nabasebenzi bezempilo. “

I-D^re U-Guay uchaza isimo e-Ontario, esinikeze uhlelo lokugoma umkhuhlane emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2000. Ngokusho kwedatha etholakalayo, ithola ukuthi umphumela walesi silinganiso akwanele ukunciphisa ukudluliselwa, ngokungafani nalokho okwenzeka eJapane. “E-United States, impilo yomphakathi isanda kunquma ukuthi ukugonyelwa umkhuhlane kwaminyaka yonke kunconyelwe izingane ezinezinyanga eziyisi-6 kuye kweyi-18 ubudala. Sibheka okwenziwa kwezinye izindawo bese silinda ukubona imiphumela etholakele ngaphambi kokuthatha izinqumo. Sisebenzise leli su emithini eminingi yokugoma futhi kuze kube manje libe usizo kakhulu kithi,” kusho u-D^re Cool

Uhlelo lokugoma lwamahhala lwaseQuebec luqondise ezigabeni ezimbalwa zabantu abasengozini yezinkinga zomkhuhlane, kodwa nabo bonke abantu ababazungezile ngoba behlala nabo noma ngoba besebenza nabo. Abantu abasengozini yilaba:

- abantu abaneminyaka engu-60 nangaphezulu;

- izingane ezineminyaka engu-6 kuya ezinyangeni ezingu-23;

- abantu abanezifo ezithile ezingapheli.

• Bheka ikhasi lethu lamaqiniso mayelana nomkhuhlane ukuze uthole ukuthi ungawuvikela kanjani futhi uyelaphe.
• Yonke imininingwane mayelana nesibhamu somkhuhlane: amagama emikhiqizo emakethe eQuebec, ukwakheka, izinkomba, uhlelo, ukusebenza kahle, njll.

  I-Quebec Immunisation Protocol, Isahluko 11 – Imithi yokugomela umkhuhlane kanye ne-pneumococcus, Santé et Services sociaux Québec. [Idokhumenti ye-PDF kukhulunywe ngayo ngoSepthemba 29, 2008] publications.msss.gouv.qc.ca

• Izimpendulo zemibuzo engu-18 mayelana nesibhamu somkhuhlane

  Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) – Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa, Santé et Services sociaux Québec. [Kufinyelelwe ngoSepthemba 29, 2008] www.msss.gouv.qc.ca

• Ithebula lokuqhathanisa lezimpawu zomkhuhlane nomkhuhlane

  Ingabe umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane? I-Canadian Coalition for Immunization and Promotion. [Idokhumenti ye-PDF ifinyelelwe ngomhla ka-Septhemba 29, 2008] resources.cpha.ca