Ingabe kuyingozi ukuphuza ikhofi?

- Kanjani? Uyaphuza ikhofi?! Kubabaze udokotela osemncane ngesikhathi ebona inkomishi yesiphuzo ezandleni zesiguli sakhe. - Akunakwenzeka, ngoba ikhofi lingubuthi kuwe!

- Yebo. Kepha mhlawumbe kuhamba kancane kakhulu, isiguli siphikile. - Sengiyiphuze cishe iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha.

Kusuka ihlaya

Ngokusho kwabanye odokotela, ngenxa yokuthi i-caffeine iyisidakamizwa, ngokusetshenziswa njalo kwekhofi, ukuthembela emzimbeni nasengqondweni kulesi siphuzo kungavela. Ngokudla ngokweqile kwekhofi, ungamane "ushayele" umzimba wakho, ngoba ikhofi kuye akuyona "i-oats", kodwa "isiswebhu". Akunconywa ukuphuza ikhofi kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo, i-atherosclerosis enzima, isifo sezinso, ukukhuphuka kokuqina, ukuqwasha, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-glaucoma. Abantu asebekhulile nezingane kungcono ukuthi bangaphuzi nhlobo ikhofi.

Eminyakeni eyishumi nambili eyedlule, iphephabhuku elidumile lesayensi i-New Scietist lashicilela imiphumela yocwaningo olukhulu kunawo wonke ngomphumela wekhofi ekwakheni isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Kusukela ngo-1968 kuya ku-1988, abacwaningi baseBrithani baqapha abasebenzi besilisa abangama-2000 benkampani yobunjiniyela. Kuvele ukuthi labo abadla izinkomishi zekhofi ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha ngosuku babenengozi engama-71% ephezulu yesifo senhliziyo kunabo bonke abanye abasebenzi bale nkampani.

Ngo-2000, ososayensi bathola ukuthi ukuphuza ikhofi kwandise ingozi yokuba nesifo samathambo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu abaphuza izinkomishi zekhofi ezine noma ngaphezulu ngosuku banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuba nesifo samathambo kunalabo abaphuza ikhofi elinganiselayo. Le miphumela iqinisekisiwe nangemva kokulungiswa kwezinye izinto ezinobungozi - iminyaka, ubulili, ukubhema, nesisindo.

Ikhofi iqukethe uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-resin ye-benzopyrene, eyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, inani eliguqukayo kuye ngezinga lokuthosa ubhontshisi. Ngakho-ke, kukhethwa ikhofi eyosiwe ephansi.

Kepha konke lokhu kungububi bokuphuza ikhofi, manje ake sikhulume ngobuhle. Abaphenyi baphawula ukuthi ikhofi lenyusa ukusebenza, liqeda ukukhathala, futhi livuselele ukusebenza kwengqondo.

Konke lokhu kungenxa ye-caffeine equkethwe kuyo, ethuthukisa ukunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni, enhliziyweni, ezinso, futhi, ngokuba yisikhuthazi se-psychomotor, kusebenze umsebenzi wobuchopho. AbaseMelika bathole ukuthi inani elincane lekhofi lithuthukisa i-spermatogenesis kanye namandla emadodeni.

Ngo-1987, ososayensi baseMelika, eminyakeni edlule bebuka abathengi abangama-6000 abathanda ikhofi, babika ukuthi ikhofi belingakulungele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo senhliziyo, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili. Iziphetho ezifanayo zenziwa odokotela baseFinland. Bahlole abantu abangu-17000 abaphuza izinkomishi zekhofi ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu ngosuku. Imiphumela yezifundo zabantu baseMelika nabaseFinland nayo yaqinisekiswa ososayensi baseBrazil abafunda ngemiphumela yekhofi kwabaphuza ikhofi abangama-45000.

Ngokusho kwabanye ososayensi baseMelika (ngokweJenali yeAmerican Medical Association), ukuphuza ikhofi njalo kunganciphisa ubungozi besifo senyongo ngo-40%. Ososayensi abakafiki esivumelwaneni ngembangela yalo mphumela, noma kucatshangwa ukuthi kubangelwa imiphumela ye-caffeine. Kungenzeka ukuthi kuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-cholesterol, okuyingxenye yamatshe, noma kukhuphule ukuphuma kwe-bile nezinga lokuwohloka kwamafutha.

Elinye iqembu lososayensi elacwaninga ngemiphumela yekhofi ohlelweni lwezinzwa lafika esiphethweni sokuthi ikhofi, elisesigabeni seziphuzo ezivuselelayo, linomphumela obonakalayo wokulwa nengcindezi. Kutholakale ukuthi abantu abaphuza okungenani izinkomishi ezimbili zekhofi ngosuku mancane amathuba okuthi bahlupheke ngokudangala futhi mancane amathuba okuthi bazibulale kunalabo abangalokothi baphuze ikhofi.

Futhi ososayensi baseVanderbilt University (eU.SA) bakholelwa ukuthi mhlawumbe ikhofi lingasiza abantu abahlushwa ukucindezeleka, ukuphuza utshwala kanye nomdlavuza wamathumbu (ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ingozi yomdlavuza wamathumbu yehla ngo-24% uma uphuza izinkomishi ezine noma ngaphezulu zekhofi ngosuku ).

Muva nje, ubuhle obuningi butholakele ekhofi ebingaziwa phambilini. Isibonelo, kuvela ukuthi ithambisa ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya nokungezwani komzimba, ivimbela ukubola kwamazinyo nezilonda, kusebenze ukushiswa kwamafutha emzimbeni, iyisidambisi futhi iqinisa ukusebenza kwamathumbu. Noma ngubani ophuza ikhofi uzizwa enokuzethemba okukhulu, akahlushwa ukuzethemba okuphansi, futhi akabi nokwesaba okungenangqondo. Ngokufana noshokoledi, i-caffeine yandisa ukuhlushwa kwe-hormone ye-serotonin yenjabulo.

Olunye ucwaningo oluthokozisayo lwenziwa ngochwepheshe abavela e-University of Michigan. Bathola ukuthi abesifazane asebekhulile abashadile abaphuza inkomishi yekhofi nsuku zonke bayaya ocansini kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nontanga asebenesikhathi eside beyeka lesi siphuzo.

Ucwaningo olufanayo lukhombisile ukuthi ikhofi lisiza ukufeza nokugcina ukwakhiwa emadodeni. Labo besilisa asebekhulile okwaxoxwa nabo abangaphuzi ikhofi bakhala ngobunzima obuthile kulokhu.

I-alkaloid caffeine, eyisikhuthazi esisebenza ngempumelelo ecija impendulo yomzimba kuzisusa zezinzwa, isiza ukwenza kusebenze amandla ezocansi.

Kodwa-ke, abagxeki bathi akuyona kuphela futhi hhayi kangako nge-caffeine. Ukuthi abantu asebekhulile abasebenza ngocansi banamandla futhi banempilo kunontanga yabo, abanazinkinga ngenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngakho-ke, bangakwazi ukukhokhela ikhofi nobulili.

Futhi kungekudala, uProfesa Georges Debry, isisebenzi seNutrition Center e-University of Nancy, ukhulume evikela lesi siphuzo engqungqutheleni ephathelene nomphumela we-caffeine kwezempilo eParis. Usosayensi ugcizelele ukuthi asikho isizathu sokukhuluma ngobungozi bekhofi. Ngokudla ikhofi ngokulingene, iveza kunokubangela noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kohlelo lokugaya ukudla (isilungulela, i-gastritis, njll.), Noma ngabe kudliwe ngemithamo emikhulu kukhuthaza ukukhishwa kwe-calcium emzimbeni futhi kunciphise ukumuncwa kokudla . Ngokusetshenziswa okufanele kwekhofi ngabantu abaphilile, akusebenzi njengesici sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, akubangeli ukuphazamiseka emisebenzini yehomoni yomzimba. Ososayensi abavela eNdiya nabo babika imininingwane ethokozisayo. Bathola ukuthi abaphuza ikhofi abamnyama ababevezwa yimisebe nsuku zonke emsebenzini bathola imisebe engaphansi. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ezilwaneni zaselabhorethri kuqinisekisile ukuthi imithamo ephezulu ye-caffeine isebenza njenge-prophylactic yokulwa nokugula kwemisebe. Mayelana nalokhu, odokotela baseNdiya bancoma ukuthi ama-radiologists, ama-radiologists nabanye ochwepheshe abasebenza njalo ngemithombo yemisebe baphuze okungenani izinkomishi ezi-2 zekhofi elihle ngosuku.

Kodwa odokotela baseJapan bathole ukuthi lesi siphuzo siyasiza ekulweni ne-atherosclerosis, ngoba sandisa okuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol esezingeni eliphakeme egazini lomuntu, okuvimbela izindonga zemithambo yegazi ukuba ziqine. Ukufunda umphumela wekhofi emzimbeni womuntu, kwenziwa ucwaningo oluthokozisayo eTokyo Medical Institute "Jikei", lapho amavolontiya aphuza izinkomishi ezinhlanu zekhofi elimnyama nsuku zonke amasonto amane. Abathathu babo abakwazanga ukuyimela isikhathi eside, baqala ukukhononda ngokuthi "bayayithokozela" ikhofi futhi ekugcineni "baphuma endleleni", ngenkathi abanye ababambe iqhaza ekuhlolweni ngemuva kwamasonto amane benokwanda okuphakathi kuka-15% kokuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol enobungozi egazini, okusiza ukugcina ukuqina kwezindonga zegazi. izitsha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngemuva kokuthi ababambiqhaza ekuhlolweni beyeke ukuphuza ikhofi ngayo yonke into, okuqukethwe yile cholesterol kwaqala ukwehla.

Ososayensi babalile ukuthi ubhontshisi wekhofi uqukethe ama-acid ayi-30 esiwadingayo. Kukholakala ukuthi ngenxa eyodwa yala ma-asidi kuphela, abantu abangondlekile kahle, kodwa abaphuza ikhofi eNingizimu Melika abahlushwa yi-pellagra, uhlobo olunzima lokuntuleka kwamavithamini. Ochwepheshe baphawula nokuthi inkomishi yekhofi iqukethe u-20% wemfuneko yansuku zonke kavithamini P, edingekayo emithanjeni yegazi.

Lesi siphuzo siqeda ukukhathala, sinika amandla. Kukholakala ukuthi umthamo we-caffeine we-100 - 300 milligrams ngosuku uthuthukisa ukunakwa, ukwandisa isivinini sokuphendula, nokubekezela komzimba. kodwa-ke, umthamo ongaphezu kwama-milligram angama-400-600 ngosuku (kuya ngezimpawu zomuntu) ungadala ukwethuka nokucasuka.

Ososayensi abavela emanyuvesi aseMünster naseMarburg bakholelwa ukuthi ikhofi lingasiza umuntu ukuthi akhule ngokuhlakanipha. Benza ucwaningo ngokuhlanganyela, olwaqinisekisa i-hypothesis: ngaphansi kwethonya le-caffeine, umkhiqizo wobuchopho bomuntu wanda cishe ngo-10%. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi baseyunivesithi yaseYale baxwayisa ngokuthi kungcono ukungaphuzi ikhofi esiswini esingenalutho, ngoba kulokhu "kucisha" ubuchopho.

Abanye ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi ikhofi libuye lisetshenziselwe umfutho wegazi ophansi, umsebenzi wenhliziyo obuthakathaka, kanye ne-asidi esiswini ephansi.

Noma kunjalo, noma ngabe i-caffeine ilusizo kangakanani, kusengcono ukuphuza ikhofi ngokulinganisela, futhi ochwepheshe kwezondawo zemvelo bakholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukuyiyeka ngokuphelele noma ukuyifaka esikhundleni seziphuzo zekhofi ezenziwe ngebhali noma nge-chicory.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, eMpumalanga, bathi imiphumela eyingozi yekhofi enhliziyweni ingancishiswa ngokujikijela izikhuthazi ezimbalwa zesafroni kuyo ngesikhathi sokupheka: "inika injabulo namandla, ithela amandla kumalungu futhi ivuselele isibindi. ”

Ikhofi lidala ukuvuvukala kwamabele

Kukholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwekhofi njalo kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwezicubu zebele. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bayaqhubeka nokuphika noma yibuphi ubudlelwano phakathi kokuvela kwezimila ezimbi nokusetshenziswa kwekhofi.

Ikhofi ithinta kabi ukukhulelwa

- Angiqondi, sithandwa, yini ongajabuli ngayo? Njalo ekuseni ngikunikeza ikhofi embhedeni futhi konke okumele ukwenze ukukusila… Kusuka ezindabeni zomndeni

Kufakazelwe ukuthi i-caffeine ayithinti ukukhula kwengane futhi ayihambelani nokukhulelwa kwesisu. Kepha ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule esishicilelwe ku I-American Journal of Epidemiology, abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele basadle ikhofi, kanye neCoca-Cola nezinye iziphuzo eziqukethe i-caffeine.

Ikhofi liqukethe i-caffeine

Indlu ejwayelekile yamaNgisi, itafula eliguquliwe, eduze kwakhe esesimweni sokushaqeka kumi isiNgisi esikhulile ngamehlo aqhamukayo nesibhamu esibhemayo ezandleni zaso, futhi sibhekene nabangane baso ababili abadala, esasiphonsa nabo ngokuthula isikhashana umzuzu owedlule, futhi bobabili banemigodi emabunzini abo… umkami uphuma ekhishini abuke isithombe sonke. Unqekuzisa ikhanda lakhe ebindekile, uyababaza:

- Hhayi, Roger, lokhu ngeke kuphinde kwenzeke! Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, uzophuza kuphela ikhofi enamanzi aphuzwayo!

I-ethnography ejabulisayo

Lokhu kunjalo ngempela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zasendle zalesi sitshalo azinayo i-caffeine. Manje zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo ngokuqukethwe kwe-caffeine okuncishisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemikhiqizo yekhofi esheshayo, okususwe kuyo cishe yonke i-caffeine (kusele u-0,02% -0,05%). Igezwa ngama-solvents athile, futhi muva nje - nge-liquid carbon dioxide kusuka ezinhlamvini eziluhlaza, ngaphambi kokuthosa.

Ngokusho kodokotela baseBrithani, uma umuntu enqatshelwe ngokuphelele imikhiqizo equkethe i-caffeine - itiye, i-Coca-Cola, zonke izinhlobo zeshokoledi, khona-ke angathola ikhanda elibuhlungu futhi acasuke kakhulu. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi umzimba udinga inani elithile le-caffeine ngosuku, elilingana nezinkomishi ezimbili zekhofi, izinkomishi ezintathu zetiye noma inkomishi kashokoledi owuketshezi (ingxenye yebha yokuqinile). Kunemikhiqizo eminingi equkethe i-caffeine ngemithamo eqhathaniswa neyekhofi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, okokuqala, iziphuzo ze-carbonated ezenziwe ngesisekelo samantongomane e-cola (ngegama laleli nati, iziphuzo ezinjalo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-colas). I-caffeine yengezwa nakwezinye iziphuzo.

Ngendlela, ngokungafani nenkolelo evamile, umbala omnyama onsundu we-cola, ofana nombala wekhofi, awukhombisi nhlobo ubukhona be-caffeine kuwo. I-caffeine nayo ingatholakala kumasoda acacile.

Kepha emuva ekhofi. Ngezinhlobonhlobo zayo ezingenayo i-caffeine, konke nakho akucaci. Kunoma ikuphi, kungakadingeki ukusho ukuthi ziwusizo kakhulu. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, abacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia bafakazele ukuthi kunezinto ezanele ezisebenzayo ekhofi eline-decaffeine, okufanele ligwenywe yilabo abaphethwe yimigraines, i-arrhythmias noma i-neuroses.

I-caffeine esekhofi kuthiwa ivuselela umzimba. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, kepha lokhu kukhuthaza kuncane kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izinkomishi ezine zekhofi elinamandla zizokwenza ukuthi umzimba usebenze kahle ngephesenti elilodwa kuphela.

Futhi omunye "i-caffeine" eyiphutha. Kwesinye isikhathi ungezwa ukuthi inani eliyinhloko lekhofi linqunywa yi-caffeine: kakhulu, ngcono. Eqinisweni, amakhofi amahle kakhulu (i-Yemeni (“mocha”), iBrazil (“iSantos”), i-Colombian (“mama”) aqukethe i-caffeine engeqi kwephesenti elilodwa nengxenye kubhontshisi othosiwe, kuyilapho izinhlobo eziphansi (“Robusta”, Costa Rican) kuze kube ngamaphesenti amabili nohhafu.

Ukuze wehlise okuqukethwe yi-caffeine esiphuzweni sakho, ungasebenzisa lesi seluleko esilandelayo: thela ikhofi elisanda kugaywa ngamanzi abilayo nokushisa kanye kuze kubilise. Lapho ulungisa ikhofi ngale ndlela, iphunga layo liyagcinwa, futhi i-caffeine ayidluli isiphuzo ngokuphelele.

Ikhofi lenyusa umfutho wegazi

“Angiqondi ukuthi kungani uthela inja ikhofi emhlabeni?”

- Ukuhlala uphapheme ebusuku.

I-zoology ejabulisayo

Lona mqondo onempikiswano. Labo abacabanga kanjalo bavame ukucaphuna imininingwane evela kumcwaningi wase-Australia uJack James, eyanyatheliswa ekuqaleni kuka-1998. Waphikisa ngokuthi izinkomishi ezintathu kuya kwezine zekhofi ezisatshalaliswa usuku lonke zandisa umfutho wegazi we-diastolic (ezansi) ngamamilimitha ayi-2-4 e-mercury. Kodwa-ke, ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi okunjalo kungatholakala nje ngenxa yengxabano engokomzwelo nomngani, futhi nangenxa yenjabulo ephambi kukadokotela ofike kuwe nge-tonometer. Odokotela bakwamanye amazwe benze ucwaningo ngomphumela wekhofi kumfutho wegazi. Ngakho-ke, odokotela baseBrithani bathi umphumela "we-hypertensive" wekhofi uhlala okwesikhashana, futhi uyanyamalala phakathi kwabathengi bawo abajwayelekile. Futhi ucwaningo lwaseDashi lwathola ukuthi abaphuza ikhofi abangama-45 abaphuza izinkomishi ezinhlanu ngosuku zekhofi ejwayelekile isikhathi eside, bese beshintshela ezinhlotsheni ezinamanzi, bancipha umfutho wegazi ngemilimitha eyodwa kuphela.

Ikhofi elinobisi aligayekile kahle

Labo abaphethe lo mbono bathi amaprotheni obisi ahlangana ne-tannin etholakala ekhofi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukumuncwa kwawo kunzima. Kodwa-ke, kuyamangaza ukuthi lezo zinsolo azenzelwanga itiye lobisi, kanti itiye line-tannin eningi kunekhofi.

Kodwa abathandi bekhofi babhekene nenye ingozi. Ngokusho kososayensi baseSpain, lapho uphuza ikhofi elishisayo kakhulu nobisi (netiye futhi), amathuba okuba nesimila somphimbo anyuka kane. Kulokhu, kukhula ngenxa yokuchayeka njalo emazingeni okushisa aphakeme ku-esophagus. Ucwaningo lwaseSpain lwalubandakanya abantu abangaphezu kuka-XNUMX futhi aluzange lubhekelele amacala omdlavuza obangelwa ukubhema noma ukuphuza.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukuphuza ikhofi elishisayo ngaphandle kobisi akukhuphuli ingozi yomdlavuza, yize ososayensi bengakalichazi leli qiniso. Futhi okuyingozi kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwetiye nekhofi nobisi ngokusebenzisa "ithubhu", ngoba uketshezi lungena ngokushesha ku-esophagus, futhi lungabi nesikhathi esanele sokuphola emlonyeni. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, kungenzeka umthelela omubi ngokulinganayo emqaleni nakwezinye iziphuzo ezishisayo, futhi, okokuqala, lokhu kusebenza kukakhokho, izingane eziningi ezithanda ukuwaphuza ngotshani.

Ikhofi alilungile enhliziyweni

Endaweni yokudlela:

- Uweta, ngingathola ikhofi?

- Ngazi kanjani - kungenzeka noma cha, angiyena udokotela wakho!

Kusuka ezinganekwaneni zokudlela

Sesikhulume kaningi ngalenganekwane. Kepha nayi imininingwane yolunye ucwaningo eqinisekisa ukuthi ikhofi ayilungile enhliziyweni kuphela uma idliwe ngokweqile. EBoston (eU.SA), abesifazane abangama-85 babonwa odokotela iminyaka engama-747, kanti phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwaqashelwa amacala ayi-10 esifo senhliziyo phakathi kwabo. Ngokuvamile, lezi zifo ziye zaphawulwa kulabo abaphuza izinkomishi ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha ngosuku, nakulabo abangaphuzi nhlobo ikhofi. Odokotela baseScotland, ngemuva kokuhlola abesilisa nabesifazane abayi-712 10, bathole ukuthi labo abaphuza ikhofi, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi bezingajwayelekile.

Kodwa-ke, ikhofi elithola ukushisa okuphindwe kabili noma ukuphuza amahora amaningi (ngokwesiko lama-Arabhu) libonwa njengelimazayo ngempela. Inomphumela omubi emithanjeni yegazi.

- Weta! Ubiza le nkunzi "ikhofi eliqinile"?!

- Vele, uma kungenjalo ubungeke ube yi-horny kangaka!

Indaba ixoxwa uweta

Njengotshwala, ushukela, noma ushokoledi, i-caffeine isebenza ezikhungweni zobumnandi ebuchosheni. Kepha kungabhekwa njengesidakamizwa? Ngokusho kochwepheshe, izidakamizwa zinezici ezintathu. Lokhu kungeniswa kokulutha kancane kancane, lapho kudingeka umthamo owandayo ukufeza isenzo esijwayelekile, lokhu kungukuncika ngokomzimba kanye nokuncika kwengqondo. Uma sihlola ikhofi ngokusho kwalezi zimpawu ezintathu, okokuqala kuvela ukuthi akunakujwayela. Inkomishi ngayinye yekhofi inethonya elikhuthazayo ebuchosheni, njengokuphuza okokuqala. Okwesibili, ukuncika emzimbeni kusenzeka, ngoba “ukulunyulwa” ekhofi kubanga ikhanda, ukozela kanye nesicanucanu engxenyeni yabathandi bekhofi. Futhi, okwesithathu, futhi mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, akukho ukuncika kwengqondo, okuvezwa ngumlutha ngokuthi ukulungele noma yini ukuthola umthamo olandelayo. Ngakho-ke, ikhofi alinakubizwa ngomuthi.

Njengamanje, ochwepheshe abaningi bezokwelapha bakholelwa ukuthi i-caffeine ayiluthisi. Kodwa-ke, labo abayeke ukuphuza ikhofi noma banciphisa kakhulu umthamo wabo ojwayelekile basengozini yokuphathwa yikhanda, bahlulele kahle, baphazamiseke, bacasuke noma bayozele. Zonke lezi zinkinga zingagwenywa ngokunciphisa kancane kancane ikhofi.

Ikhofi esheshayo

Ngathenga ikhofi elisheshayo kwaChukchi.

Ngafika ekhaya nganquma ukuyipheka mina.

“Thela isipuni esisodwa sekhofi,” - uChukchi wafunda umugqa wokuqala wemiyalo wathela isipuni sekhofi emlonyeni wakhe.

“Faka ushukela ukunambitha,” eqhubeka nokufunda, wathela nedlanzana likashukela emlonyeni wakhe.

“Thela amanzi abilayo.” - IChukchi yathela amanzi abilayo ngeketela yawagwinya.

"Futhi uyikhuphe," futhi uChukchi waqala ukuzungezisa isinqe sakhe ngokushesha.

I-ethnography ejabulisayo

Konke okukhulunywe ngenhla ikakhulukazi kubhekiswa kubhontshisi wekhofi, manje ake sikhulume ngekhofi esheshayo. Ilungiselelwe kusuka ezinhlotsheni zenani eliphansi nezinhlamvu ezincane, ezingekho ezingeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi senziwa, izinto eziningi ezinamakha ziyanyamalala. Mayelana nalokhu, ukukhangisa kuthi impushana ekhishwe enkomishini ine “iphunga lekhofi elisanda kugaywa” kumane kuyinhlekisa.

Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi umsunguli wekhofi elisheshayo uqobo, usokhemisi waseSwitzerland uMax Morgenthaler, wayengaziqhenyi ngaye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayebheka lokhu okutholwe njengokuhluleka okukhulu kokudala, ngoba umkhiqizo owumphumela wawufana nekhofi lemvelo ngokungacaci. Sekudlule iminyaka eyikhulu kusukela lapho, kepha ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa kwekhofi esheshayo bashintshile kancane.

Uma sikhuluma ngekhofi esheshayo, kungahle kube kuhle ukukubiza ngokuthi isiphuzo sekhofi. Lo mbono wabiwa ngochwepheshe abaningi. UTaster Olga Sviridova uyaphawula: “Akufanele ulindele ukunambitheka kwekhofi langempela nephunga elivela empuphu. Ekuhlolweni kwethu, sibheka ikhofi elisheshayo njengesiphuzo esikhethekile esinezidingo zaso ezithile. Kuhle uma kunambitheka nephunga lesiphuzo, liyavumelana, umunyu kanye ne-asidi kufanele kube ngokulinganisela. Okubi kwekhofi esheshayo kufaka: iphunga likabhontshisi ophuze ngokweqile noma, okubi nakakhulu, iphunga lama-acorn, i-oats, i-hay namanye "amaphunga amasimu" Imvamisa, iphunga nokunambitheka kwekhofi konakalisa amathoni ezemithi namakha noma "ukunambitheka komkhiqizo wakudala".

Futhi enye inganekwane. Kwesinye isikhathi ungezwa ukuthi ikhofi elisheshayo alicebile ku-caffeine njengobhontshisi wekhofi. Nakhu okushiwo uTatyana Koltsova, inhloko ye-laboratory yokuhlola iMospishchekombinat, unjiniyela wamakhemikhali ngalokhu: “Izindaba zokuthi i-caffeine ikhishwa ekhofi elisheshayo ukuze wonge imali azinasisekelo. Lokhu akukaze kwenziwe. Ukwenza isiphuzo esenziwe nge-decaffeinated ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ikhofi elinjalo libiza izikhathi eziningana kunokujwayelekile. "

Kwabanye, lokhu kungaba ukutholakala, kepha ikhofi elisheshayo, kunalokho, line-caffeine eningi kunekhofi lemvelo. Futhi uma ekhofi elivela kubhontshisi ukugxila kwe-caffeine imvamisa akuhlotshaniswa nekhwalithi yayo, maqondana nekhofi elisheshayo, singasho ukuthi uma iqukethe i-caffeine, iba ngcono (ezimweni eziningi). Kepha akukhuthazwa ukuthi uphuze ikhofi elinjalo kaningi.

Futhi ekugcineni, iseluleko esisebenzayo sendlela yokuhlukanisa ikhofi mbumbulu kusuka kwangempela (ngokususelwa ezintweni zephephandaba i- "Komsomolskaya Pravda").

Ochwepheshe bayaqaphela ukuthi ukufakwa kwekhofi mbumbulu kuvame ukwenziwa ngamakhadibhodi, ithini elikhanyayo noma i-polyethylene enelebula lephepha elinanyathiselwe, imvamisa enemibala efiphele. Amagama kufanele afundwe ngokucophelela. Uma, ithi, ikhofi langempela libizwa ngeCafe Pele, khona-ke umgunyathi angabhala iCafe Pele brazil, futhi esikhundleni seNescafe, uNess-Coffee.

Kuphawulwe nokuthi amalebula ekhofi mbumbulu ngokuvamile aqukethe ubuncane bemininingwane. Ibhakhodi manje cishe cishe kuwo wonke amabhange, kepha imvamisa omgunyathi babeka phansi izinombolo ezingekho kuthebula lebhakhodi, ngokwesibonelo, ama-746 - lezi zinombolo ziqala ibhakhodi ekhofi ebizwa ngeCofi Colonial neLos Portales. Noma u-20-29 - lezi zibalo okwamanje azikona ezelinye izwe. Ikhodi enjalo iphrintwa kubhontshisi wekhofi waseBrasiliero (isikhwama sepulasitiki esinelebula elifiphele), "umenzi" wakhe onethemba lokuthi uzophutha ngekhofi leBrasero.

E-laboratory yokuhlolwa kwezinzwa nezomzimba weState Standard yaseRussia - "Rostest-Moscow" baqoqe lonke iqoqo lamanga. Phakathi kwabo, isibonelo, i-Royal standart (iTurkey), igolide le-Neptun (iBrazil), iSanta Fe (i-Ecuador), iCafe Ricardo (USA), iCafe Presto (Nicaragua), iCafe Caribe (USA)…

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kuhle ukuthenga imikhiqizo kuphela ezinkampanini ezaziwa kakhulu ezivame ukusebenzisa ingilazi noma amathini (nakuba kukhona okuhlukile, isibonelo, inkampani yeFolgers (USA) ngezinye izikhathi isebenzisa iziqukathi zepulasitiki).

IMazurkevich SA

I-Encyclopedia yokukhohlisa. Ukudla. - M.: Indlu yokushicilela EKSMO - Press, 2001