“Ukuletha ingane emhlabeni kuyisenzo esingokwemvelo. Lo mcimbi awenzeki kaningi empilweni yethu futhi sifuna ukuwuzwa ngokuthanda kwethu, endaweni ekhululekile.Yilokhu okushiwo abazali futhi namuhla yilokho ochwepheshe abaningi abalalelayo nabahloniphayo. Ukuzalwa kwengane kuwumqondo odlondlobalayo eFrance. Abesifazane bafuna ukukwazi ukuthembela ezintweni zabo, bazizwe bekhululekile ukuhambahamba ngesikhathi sokubeletha kanye nokwamukela izingane zabo ngejubane labo. Ukubelethela esibhedlela sokubeletha akusho ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa nokwelashwa noma ukungaziwa, njengoba abanye abazali besaba.
Uhlelo lokuzalwa olwabhalwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa luvumela ochwepheshe ukuthi bazivumelanise kangcono nezifiso ezivezwa omama bakusasa. Amathimba okubelethisa ahlelwe ukuze asize abesifazane abaveza isifiso sabo sokusondela ekuhlangenwe nakho kokuzalwa ngendlela ehlukile: ngokuvumela ukufinyela kuvule umlomo wesibeletho nokwehlisa ingane yabo, ngokuthola izikhundla ezizovuna le nqubo, kuyilapho bezizwa beqinisekisiwe.
Laba omama bakusasa basekelwa ngabashade nabo abaseceleni kwabo. Bathi ukubeletha ngale ndlela kwenza babe nokuzethemba okukhulu ekunakekeleni ingane yabo. Ezinye izibhedlela zababelethisayo zibaluleke kakhulu ukuhlonipha inkambo evamile yokubeletha, isibonelo ngaphandle kokungenelela ukuphula isikhwama samanzi noma ukufaka umjovo ongasheshisa ukufinyela. Izinga le-epidural rate aliphezulu kakhulu futhi ababelethisi bakhona ukuze basize umama athole izikhundla ezimfanele; uma nje konke kuhamba kahle, ukuqapha kuyeka ukushiya owesifazane ithuba lokuhamba, futhi ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo ukumnika kufakwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuxoshwa.
Amakamelo okuzalwa noma amakamelo emvelo
Ababeletha badale amagumbi okubelethela angokwemvelo, noma amagumbi emvelo, angahlonyiswa: Ubhavu wokugezela wokuphumuza ngesikhathi sokubeletha kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi emlonyeni wesibeletho ngokucwiliswa emanzini; ama-traction liana, amabhaluni, ukuthatha izikhundla ezinciphisa ubuhlungu futhi zikhuthaze ukwehla kwengane; itafula lokudiliva elivumela indawo efaneleke ngokwemishini ukuba ikhethwe. Umhlobiso ufudumele kunamakamelo avamile.
Lezi zindawo zinokugadwa okufanayo kwezokwelapha njengamanye amagumbi okubelethela, anemithetho efanayo yokuphepha neyokuphatha. Uma kunesidingo, i-epidural ingenzeka ngaphandle kokushintsha igumbi.
Izinkundla zobuchwepheshe
Abanye okubeletha bavumela ababelethisi abakhululekile ukuthi bafinyelele "inkundla yabo yobuchwepheshe". Lokhu kuvumela abesifazane ukuthi babelethe nombelethisi owaqapha ukukhulelwa futhi walungiselela ukubeletha. Ukuqapha ukusikwa nokubeletha kwenzeka endaweni yasesibhedlela, kodwa umbelethisi utholakala ngokugcwele kumama okhulelwe kanye nomngane wakhe, okubaqinisekisayo. Umama ubuyela ekhaya ngemva kwamahora amabili ezelwe, ngaphandle kwalapho kube khona inkinga. Uma ubuhlungu bukhulu kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe, ukuzala isikhathi eside futhi kungaphansi kokusekelwa kahle kukamama kunalokho ayekucabanga, i-epidural ingenzeka. Kulokhu, ithimba lababeletha lithatha izintambo. Uma isimo sikamama noma somntwana sidinga, kungase kube khona ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Nansi imininingwane yokuxhumana ye-(ANSFL): contact@ansfl.org
Izindlu zokuzalwa
Lezi yizakhiwo eziphethwe ngababelethisi. Bamukela abazali bakusasa ngokubonisana, ukulungiselela kanye nokunikeza ukulandelela okuphelele kusukela ekukhulelweni kuya kwangemva kokubeletha. Abesifazane kuphela abangenawo ama-pathologies athile abavunyelwe.
Lezi zikhungo zokubeletha zixhunywe nesibhedlela sokubeletha okufanele sibe seduze ngokwanele ukuze sivumele ukufinyelela kuzo ngesikhathi esifanele uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo. Basabela esimisweni esithi "owesifazane oyedwa - umbelethisi oyedwa" kanye nokuhlonipha i-physiology yokubeletha. Ngakho, isibonelo, i-epidural ayikwazi ukwenziwa lapho. Kodwa uma kuphakama isidingo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yezizathu zezokwelapha noma ngenxa yokuthi ubuhlungu buyoba nzima kakhulu ukubuthwala, ukudluliselwa endaweni yokubeletha lapho isikhungo sokuzalwa esixhunywe khona kuyokwenziwa. Ngokunjalo uma kwenzeka kuba nenkinga. Imithetho yokusebenza icacisa ukuthi umbelethisi kumele akwazi ukungenelela noma nini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ababelethisi ababili kufanele babe khona emagcekeni.
Izikhungo zokubeletha azinayo indawo yokuhlala futhi ukubuyela ekhaya kusenesikhathi (emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokubeletha). Inhlangano yalokhu kubuya isungulwe nombelethisi owalandela ukukhulelwa wabeletha. Uzovakashela okokuqala kumama nosana olusanda kuzalwa emahoreni angama-24 ephumile, bese okungenani amabili ngaphezulu evikini lokuqala, ngokuthintana kwansuku zonke. Ukuhlolwa kosuku lwe-8 lwengane kufanele kwenziwe ngudokotela.
Izikhungo zokuzalwa bezikhona nomakhelwane bethu eSwitzerland, eNgilandi, eJalimane, e-Italy, eSpain (nase-Australia) iminyaka eminingi. E-France, umthetho ugunyaza ukuvulwa kwabo kusukela ngo-2014. Ezinhlanu zisebenza okwamanje (2018), ezintathu zizovula maduze. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe yi-ejensi yezempilo yesifunda (ARS) ngemva kweminyaka emibili yokusebenza. Kuzoqhutshwa…
Esimweni senkundla yobuchwepheshe noma isikhungo sokuzalwa, abazali bayakwazisa ukuqhubeka kwesixhumanisi esisungulwe nomzanyana. Sebelungisele naye ukuzalwa nokuba ngumzali futhi nguye ozobaphelezela ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ukubeletha ekhaya ngezinye izikhathi kungase kulinge imibhangqwana ethile efisa ukuzwa ukuzalwa endaweni efudumele yasekhaya, ngokuqhubekayo nempilo yomkhaya. Namuhla akunconywa ochwepheshe bezempilo abesaba izinkinga ngenxa yebanga elivela esibhedlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bambalwa ababelethisi abakwenzayo.
Qaphela: Kunconywa ukubhalisa esikhungweni sokuzalwa kusenesikhathi futhi kufanele kube ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-28 (izinyanga eziyisi-6 zokukhulelwa).
Ukubika
Kunezikhungo lapho ukulashwa kwehliswa kube yizimo ezikudingayo. Thola futhi ukhulume ngakho eduze kwakho, ngesikhathi sokubonisana, phakathi nezikhathi zokulungiselela umzali. Ukuvikeleka kwesibhedlela sokubeletha akukuvimbeli ekuhlonipheni ubumfihlo bakho, ekufinyeleleni okulindele kuyilapho ucabangela ukwesaba kwakho.
I (Interassociative collective around birth) iletha ndawonye izinhlangano zabazali nabasebenzisi. Usemsuka wezinhlelo eziningi emkhakheni wokuzalwa (uhlelo lokuzalwa, amagumbi okuphila, ukuba khona kukababa egunjini lababeletha, njll.).
Lesi sihloko sithathwe encwadini yereferensi kaLaurence Pernoud: 2018)
Thola zonke izindaba ezihlobene nemisebenzi ye