Ichazwa ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu ezintsha ezingathandeki ngemva kokudla izidakamizwa, i-iatrogenism yezidakamizwa iyinkinga yezempilo yomphakathi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala nasezinganeni. Noma yimuphi umphumela ongalindelekile kufanele ubikwe ngumnakekeli esikhungweni se-Pharmacovigilance. 

Izifo ze-Iatrogenic ziyisethi yezimpawu ezingafuneki ezenzeka eceleni kwezimpawu zesifo esiphathwayo ngenxa yokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa. Eqinisweni, izidakamizwa eziphumelelayo ezifweni ezithile zingabangela imiphumela engathandeki, ehluka kumuntu nomuntu, futhi engase ibe nomthelela empilweni yesiguli esilashwayo. Zingathatha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene njengokuqubuka kwesikhumba ngenxa yokungazwani nezidakamizwa, ukukhuphuka komfutho wegazi noma ingozi yokopha kokugaya ukudla.

Le miphumela engemihle ivamisile futhi iningi layo libhalwe emiyalweni yemithi ebekiwe. Isikhungo sesifunda se-pharmacovigilance siqoqa yonke imibiko evela kochwepheshe bezempilo futhi sibuyekezwa njalo. Inhloso yalesi sizindalwazi ukuvimbela lezi zingozi zezifo ze-iatrogenic, ezivame ukubukelwa phansi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ziholele ekushintsheni ukwelashwa noma ekulungiseni (ukunciphisa nokuhlukaniswa kwemithamo, ukuphuza umuthi phakathi nesidlo. noma nomunye umuthi ovikelayo…).

Abantu asebekhulile yibo abathinteka kakhulu izifo ze-iatrogenic, ngoba bavame ukuba yi-polymedicated (izidakamizwa eziningana okufanele zithathwe ngesikhathi esisodwa) futhi zisengozini kakhulu. Le miphumela emibi iphindwe kabili ngemva kweminyaka engama-65 kanti i-20% yale miphumela emibi iholela ezibhedlela.

Izimbangela zezifo ze-iatrogenic ziningi:

• I-overdose: kunengozi yokudlula ngokweqile uma kwenzeka ukuphuza izidakamizwa okungalawuleki ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ukuphazamiseka kwemicabango) okuvamile kubantu asebekhulile.
• Ukungezwani komzimba noma ukungabekezelelani: emithini ethile efana nemithi elwa namagciwane, imithi eqeda ukuvuvukala, izidakamizwa ezidambisa izinhlungu (ama-analgesics), ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukuvimbela inzalo, amafutha athile okugcoba, njll. Lokhu kungezwani komzimba nokungabekezelelani kuhlala kuguquguquka kakhulu ukusuka komunye umuntu kuye komunye.
• Ukuqedwa okunensayo: kuphinde kube nobungozi bokunciphisa izindlela zokuqedwa kwama-molecule ezidakamizwa yisibindi noma izinso, okuholela ekweqiseni izidakamizwa emzimbeni.
• Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa: Kungase kube nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezithathwe ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• Ukuguqulwa kwemetabolism: ngezidakamizwa ezithile ezifana ne-diuretics, laxatives, ukwelashwa kwe-thyroid gland, njll.
• Ukuzilapha: okuphazamisana nokwelashwa okushiwo noma ukunganambithi kahle emithini.
• Imithamo engafanele ezinganeni noma kubantu asebekhulile, kuye ngeminyaka nesisindo.

Lezi zimbangela zisuka emsuka we-atrogenism yezidakamizwa evame ukulungiswa, kodwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi eholela ezingozini ezimbi kakhulu ze-iatrogenic.

Lokhu kuxilongwa kwezifo ze-iatrogenic kwenziwa lapho kuvela izimpawu ezingahambisani nesifo esiphathwayo. Isiyezi, ukuwa, ukuquleka, ukukhathala okukhulu, isifo sohudo, ukuqunjelwa, ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanza okunegazi njll. Izimpawu eziningi kakhulu okufanele zixwayise isiguli kanye nodokotela. 

Ukubuza imibuzo, ukuhlolwa komtholampilo, izidakamizwa ezithathiwe, ikakhulukazi uma zisanda kwenzeka, zizoqondisa ukuxilongwa kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe okufanele kwenziwe. Ukumisa umuthi osolwayo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala okufanele usithathe.

Uma lokhu kunqanyulwa kulandelwa ukuthuthukiswa noma ngisho nokunyamalala kwezimpawu zezifo ze-iatrogenic, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kokwelapha (ukuyeka ukwelashwa). Khona-ke kuyodingeka ukuthi ubhale phansi umuthi obangela lo mphumela ohlangothini futhi ugweme ukuwuchaza futhi. Kuzodingeka kutholwe enye indlela.

• Ukudideka kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okulandela ukunikezwa kwe-diuretics okuzokhuthaza ukuvela kokwehla kwe-sodium egazini (hyponatremia) kanye nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi;
• Ukopha emathunjini ngemva kokuthatha izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala ezibonisa isilonda noma isilonda sokugaya;
• Ukuqubuka, ubunzima bokuphefumula nokuvuvukala kobuso ngemva kokuthatha ama-antibiotic abonisa ukungezwani nalesi sidakamizwa;
• Ubuhlungu obulandela ukugonywa kanye ne-edema endaweni yomjovo ngenxa yokungezwani nomgomo;
• I-mycosis yomlomo noma ye-gynecological elandela ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, umsuka wayo ukungalingani kwezitshalo zomlomo noma ze-gynecological kulandela ukwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kwemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngokuvamile kuzobandakanya ukuyeka ukwelashwa nokubheka enye indlela yokwelapha. Kodwa kungase futhi kube ukulindela lo mphumela ohlangothini ngokuchaza omunye umuthi onjenge-anti-ulcer lapho uchaza izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala noma ama-antimycotics ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic.

Kwezinye izikhathi, kuyokwanela ukulungisa ukungalingani okubangelwa umuthi, njengokunikeza i-sodium noma i-potassium uma kwenzeka kuba nokuphazamiseka kwegazi (hyponatremia noma hypokalemia). 

I-laxative emnene ingase futhi inqunywe lapho kukhona ukuqunjelwa ngemva kokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa noma i-retarder yokuhamba uma kwenzeka uhudo. 

Ukudla kungabuye kubekwe endaweni (ukudla okunosawoti omncane, ubhanana womnikelo we-potassium, ukudla okuphansi kwamafutha agcwele uma kwenzeka ukwanda kwe-cholesterol, njll). 

Okokugcina, ukwelashwa ukuze kujwayeleke izibalo zomfutho wegazi kungase kunqunywe ngokuqapha okuvamile.