I-hypothalamus (kusuka ku-Greece hypo, ngezansi kanye ne-thalamos, i-cavity) iyindlala ebuchosheni, ehilelekile ekulawuleni imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba.

Itholakala ngaphansi kobuchopho ngaphansi kwethalamus, i-hypothalamus iyindlala ehlukaniswe ngama-nuclei amaningana azimele, wona ngokwawo akhiwe iqoqo lamangqamuzana ezinzwa. I-hypothalamus ixhunywe ku-pituitary gland, enye indlala esebuchosheni, ngesiqu se-pitular ukuze yakhe i-hypothalamic-pituitary axis¹.

Indima ye-hypothalamus. Ibandakanyeka emisebenzini eminingi yomzimba efana nezinga lokushisa lomzimba, indlala², ukoma, umjikelezo wokulala, umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane, ukuziphatha kocansi noma imizwa³.

Ukusebenza kwe-hypothalamus. Isebenza njengesikhungo sokulawula esisabela ngokuvumelana nezisusa ezihlukahlukene ezicatshangwayo: i-hormonal, inzwa, igazi, i-microbial, i-humoral, njll. Ngokuphendula lezi zici, i-hypothalamus ihlanganisa amahomoni ahlukene azosebenza ngokuqondile ezithweni noma ku-pituitary. izokhipha amanye amahomoni¹.

Ukulawulwa nokulawulwa kwe-pituitary gland. I-hypothalamus ifihla ama-neurohormones, ama-liberins, azosebenza ngendlala ye-pituitary ngokulawula uketshezi kwamahomoni, izikhuthazi. Lokhu kuzovuselela ezinye izindlala emzimbeni njengegilo noma ama-ovari. Ama-liberins, afihliwe yi-hypothalamus, ikakhulukazi:

• I-Corticoliberin (CRF) elawula ukukhishwa kwe-corticotrophin (ACTH) okuholela ekuhlanganiseni kwe-cortisol
• I-Thyroliberin (TRH) elawula ukukhishwa kwe-thyroid evuselela i-hormone evuselela i-thyroid (TSH)
• IGonadotropin ekhipha i-hormone (GnRH) elawula uketshezi lwama-gonadotropin (FSH ne-LH) avuselela ama-ovari
• I-Somatoliberin (GH-RH) elawula ukugcinwa kwe-somatotropin, i-hormone yokukhula

Ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone. I-hypothalamus ikhiqiza amahomoni amabili azobese ededelwa yindlala yepituitary egazini:

• I-Vasopressin, i-hormone ye-antidiuretic, esebenza ezinso ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi
• I-oxytocyne, evuselela ukufinyela kwesibeletho ngesikhathi sokubeletha, kanye nezindlala zebele zokuncelisa

I-hypothalamus ibuye ihlanganise i-dopamine ngokwengxenye, isandulela se-prolactin kanye ne-catecholamines (kufaka phakathi i-adrenaline ne-norepinephrine).

Ukubamba iqhaza ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluqhamukayo. I-hypothalamus inendima phakathi kwesistimu yezinzwa ezikhulayo, ebhekene nemisebenzi engeyona yokuzithandela yomzimba njengokulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo noma ukuphefumula.

Uma kubhekwa ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-hypothalamus kanye ne-pituitary gland, izifo zayo zixhumene kakhulu futhi ziholela ekungasebenzini kahle kwesistimu yamahomoni².

I-Tumor. I-hypothalamus ingathinteka yisimila, okubangela ukuthi uketshezi lwe-hypothalamic bese lwe-hyophyseal lume. Izimpawu zivezwa ngosayizi wesimila (ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuphazamiseka kwensimu ebonakalayo, ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi) nokushoda kwamahomoni (ukukhathala, ukungcola, ukungabikho kwezikhathi).

Isifo se-Hypothalamic. Ukungalingani ohlelweni lwe-hypothalamic kungathinta imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomzimba njengokulawula izinga lokushisa langaphakathi, ukuphazamisa ukoma nendlala (5).

I-Hyperhydrose. Ukujuluka ngokweqile kungase kubonakale esimweni sokungasebenzi kahle kwendlela yokulawula izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lomzimba, ehlelwa yi-hypothalamus.

Ukwelashwa kweHormonal / Ukwelashwa kweHormone. Ukwelashwa ngamahomoni kuvame ukunikezwa ukuze kulwisane nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-hypothalamus kanye / noma indlala ye-pituitary.

Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa noma i-radiotherapy. Kuye ngesimila, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-radiological. I-CT scan noma i-MRI ingenziwa ukuze kutholakale umsuka wokungasebenzi kahle kwama-hormone.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa kwama-hormone kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-hormonal.

Ukubonakaliswa kobudlelwano phakathi kokufihlwa kwamahomoni yi-hypothalamus nohlelo lwezinzwa kubuyela emuva kuma-50s ngenxa yomsebenzi kaGeoffrey Harris (6).