Hyperthyroidism
THEhyperthyroidism isho ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu ngokungavamile kweamahomoni ngendlala yegilo, lesi sitho esimise okwemvemvane esitholakala phansi kwentamo, ngaphansi kwe-apula lika-Adam (bheka umdwebo). Akuyona a ukuvuvukala i-thyroid, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi kukholelwa.
Lesi sifo ngokuvamile siqala kubantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-20 no-40. Nokho, singenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, futhi sibonakala ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Akuvamile kune-hypothyroidism.
Umthelela wendlala yegilo emzimbeni mkhulu: indima yawo eyinhloko ukulawula umzimba wamaseli omzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke inquma ijubane "lenjini" yamangqamuzana nezitho zethu kanye nezinga lapho "amafutha" azosetshenziswa khona: lipids (amafutha), amaprotheni nama-carbohydrate (ushukela). Ebantwini ku hyperthyroidism, injini isebenza ngemodi esheshisiwe. Bangase bazizwe benovalo, bathumbe njalo, baqhaqhazele futhi behlise isisindo, isibonelo.
I-metabolism eyisisekelo Ekuphumuleni, umzimba udla amandla ukuze ugcine imisebenzi yawo ebalulekile isebenza: ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukusebenza kobuchopho, ukuphefumula, ukugaya, ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba, njll. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-basal metabolism, elawulwa ngokwengxenye amahomoni egilo. Inani lamandla asetshenzisiwe liyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu ngamunye, kuye ngobukhulu, isisindo, ubudala, ubulili kanye nomsebenzi womuntu. yegilo ndlala. |
Izimbangela
Izimbangela eziyinhloko
- Isifo samathuna (noma ngamaThuna). Kuyimbangela evamile kakhulu ye-hyperthyroidism (cishe i-90% yamacala7). Lesi isifo esizimele: amasosha omzimba ashukumisa ngokweqile indlala yegilo ukuze ikhiqize amahomoni amaningi. Lesi sifo kwesinye isikhathi sihlasela ezinye izicubu, njengamehlo. Lesi sifo sithinta cishe i-1% yabantu baseCanada7.
- Izigaxa zegilo. Amaqhuqhuva amaqhuqhuva amancane akha indlala yegilo, eyedwa noma ngamaqembu (bona ishidi lethu le-Thyroid Nodule). Akuwona wonke ama-nodule akhiqiza amahomoni, kodwa lawo akwenzayo (okuthiwa "ubuthi") angaholela ku-hyperthyroidism.
- isifo se-thyroid. Uma ukuvuvukala kuthinta indlala yegilo, kungase futhi kubangele ukwanda kwamahomoni egilo egazini. Ngokuvamile, imbangela yokuvuvukala ayaziwa. Kungaba ezithathelwanayo emvelweni noma kwenzeke ngemva kokukhulelwa. Ngokuvamile, i-thyroiditis ibangela i-hyperthyroidism yesikhashana, futhi indlala yegilo ibuyela emsebenzini ojwayelekile ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, ngaphandle kokungenelela. Imithi ingasiza ekudambiseni izimpawu ngesikhathi ulinde ukuthi isifo sidlule. I-thyroiditis iqhubekela phambili i-hypothyroidism unomphela esimweni esi-1 kweziyi-10.
Inothi. Abanye izidakamizwa, njengalabo abacebile iodine, kungaholela ku-hyperthyroidism yesikhashana. Kunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, nge-amiodarone, enqunyelwe ezimweni ezithile ze-cardiac arrhythmia, nama-ejenti ahlukile ane-iodine ngezinye izikhathi ajovwa phakathi nokuhlolwa kwe-radiology.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka
Thehyperthyroidism imbangela a i-accelerated metabolism, ngakho-ke ukwanda kwezindleko zamandla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-hyperthyroidism engalashwa yandisa ingozi yokuba ne-osteoporosis ngoba ukumuncwa kwe-calcium emathanjeni kuyathinteka. Ingozi yokuthola uhlobo lwe-arrhythmia yenhliziyo ebizwa ngokuthi i-fibrillation ye-atrial futhi iyanda.
I-hyperthyroidism enkulu engalashwa ingaholela isifo se-thyreotoxic. Phakathi nokuhlaselwa okunjalo, zonke izimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism ziyahlangana futhi zivezwe phezulu, okungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo noma i-coma. Umuntu udidekile futhi uyayaluza. Lesi simo sidinga usizo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo.
kwesifo
The izimpawu i-hyperthyroidism ingaba ecashile, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile. Eyodwa kuphela ukuhlaziywa kwegazi (bheka ibhokisi elingezansi) elibonisa kokubili ukwehla kwamazinga e-hormone ye-TSH kanye nokwanda kwamazinga e-hormone yegilo (T4 ne-T3) kuzoqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ukuqala kwezimpawu ezibalwe ngezansi kufanele kukushukumisele ukuba ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile.
I-TSH, amahomoni egilo i-T3 ne-T4 kanye ne-Co Eziyizi-2 eziphambili amahomoni ifihliwe yi- yegilo i-T3 (triiodothyronine) ne-T4 (tetra-iodothyronine noma i-thyroxine). Zombili zihlanganisa igama elithi "iodo" ngoba iiodine kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni kwazo. Inani lamahomoni akhiqizwayo lincike kwezinye izindlala. Yi-hypothalamus elawula indlala ye-pituitary ukukhiqiza ihomoni i-TSH (ye i-thyroid evuselela i-hormone). Kanti, i-hormone TSH ishukumisa indlala yegilo ukuba ikhiqize amahomoni ayo. Ungathola indlala yegilo engasebenzi noma engasebenzi ngokweqile ngokukala izinga le-TSH egazini. Uma kwenzeka'i-hypothyroidism, izinga le-TSH liphakeme ngoba indlala ye-pituitary isabela ekuntulekeni kwamahomoni egilo (i-T4 ne-T3) ngokukhipha i-TSH eyengeziwe. Ngale ndlela, indlala ye-pituitary izama ukuvuselela indlala yegilo ukuthi ikhiqize amahomoni amaningi. Esimeni sehyperthyroidism (uma kune-hormone yegilo kakhulu) kwenzeka okuphambene: izinga le-TSH liphansi ngoba indlala ye-pituitary ibona amahomoni egilo amaningi egazini bese iyeka ukuvuselela indlala yegilo. Ngisho nasekuqaleni kwenkinga yegilo, amazinga e-TSH ngokuvamile awavamile.
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