I-Hyperkinesis kubantu abadala

Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, bekukholelwa ukuthi i-hyperkinesis iyinhlobonhlobo ye-neurosis. Kodwa ucwaningo lwe-neurology luye lwasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi lokhu kungenye yezibonakaliso zezifo ezinzima zezinzwa.

Yini i-hyperkinesis

I-Hyperkinesis yizenzo zemoto ezinobudlova ngokweqile ezenzeka ngokumelene nentando yesiguli. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthuthumela (ukuthuthumela), okunye ukunyakaza.

Izimbangela ze-hyperkinesis kubantu abadala

I-Hyperkinesis ayisona isifo, kodwa i-syndrome (iqoqo lezimpawu ezithile, ukubonakaliswa). Ziyizimpawu zomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa ngenxa:

• ukungajwayelekile kofuzo;
• izifo ze-organic zobuchopho;
• izifo ezihlukahlukene ezinzima;
• i-toxicosis;
• ukulimala ekhanda;
• imiphumela emibi evela emithini ethile;
• izinguquko eziwohlokayo.

I-Hyperkinesis ngenxa yesigameko ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu ama-3:

Okuyinhloko – lena ukulimala okuzuzwa ohlelweni lwezinzwa: Isifo sikaWilson, i-chorea kaHuntington, ukuwohloka kwe-olivopontocerebellar.

Secondary - zivela ngenxa yezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, ukulimala ohlelweni lwezinzwa olutholwa ngesikhathi sokuphila (ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, i-encephalitis, ubuthi be-carbon monoxide, imiphumela yokudakwa ngokweqile, i-thyrotoxicosis, i-rheumatism, izimila, njll.).

I-Psychogenic - lezi yi-hyperkinesias eyenzeka ngenxa ye-psychotraumas enzima, izilonda ezingapheli - i-hysterical neuroses, i-psychoses, ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka. Lawa mafomu ayivelakancane kakhulu, kodwa awakhishiwe.

Ukubonakaliswa kwe-hyperkinesis kubantu abadala

Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwe-pathology yizenzo zezimoto ezenzeka ngokumelene nentando yomuntu ngokwakhe. Bachazwa njengesifiso esingenakuvinjelwa sokuhamba ngale ndlela engavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimpawu ezengeziwe ezivamile zesifo esiyisisekelo. Ukubonakaliswa okuvame kakhulu:

• Ukuthuthumela noma ukuthuthumela - ukushintshana kwemisipha ye-flexor-extensor muscle, ene-amplitude ephezulu nephansi. Zingaba ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba, zinyamalale ngesikhathi sokunyakaza noma ekuphumuleni (noma, ngokuphambene, ziqinisa).
• U-tic othukile - ukufinyela kwemisipha ebukhali, enyakazayo ene-amplitude ephansi. Ama-tic ngokuvamile atholakala eqenjini elilodwa lemisipha, angacindezelwa kancane ngomzamo wokuzithandela. Kukhona ukucwayiza, ukudikiza kwekhona leso, ukucwayiza, ukuphenduka kwekhanda, ukufinyela kwekhona lomlomo, ihlombe.
• I-Myoclonus - ukufinyela ngendlela exakile yemicu yemisipha ngayinye. Ngenxa yabo, amanye amaqembu emisipha angenza ukunyakaza okungahleliwe, ama-jerks.
• I-Chorea - ukunyakaza kwe-jerky non-rhythmic okukhiqizwa nge-amplitude enkulu. Ngazo, kunzima kakhulu ukuhamba ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokuvamile ziqala ngezitho.
• i-ballism - ukunyakaza okubukhali nokujikelezayo okungahleliwe ehlombe noma okhalweni, ngenxa yokuthi isitho senza ukunyakaza kokujikijela.
• I-blepharospasm - ukuvaleka okubukhali kwejwabu leso ngenxa yokwanda kwethoni yemisipha.
• I-Oromandibular dystonia – ukuvala imihlathi ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuvula umlomo lapho uhlafuna, uhleka noma ukhuluma.
• Ukubhala i-spasm - ukufinyela okubukhali kwemisipha endaweni engu-uXNUMXbuXNUMXb ngesandla lapho ubhala, ngokuvamile kanye nokuvevezela kwesandla.
• I-Athetosis – unyakaza kancane eminwe, onyaweni, ezandleni, ebusweni.
• I-Torsion dystonia - ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane endaweni ye-torso.
• I-hemispasm ebusweni - i-muscle spasm iqala ngekhulu leminyaka, idlulela engxenyeni yonke yobuso.

Izinhlobo ze-hyperkinesis kubantu abadala

I-Hyperkinesias ihlukile, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yesimiso sezinzwa kanye nendlela ye-extrapyramidal eyonakele. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyahlukahluka ngesilinganiso sokunyakaza kanye nezici zalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "iphethini yemoto", isikhathi sokwenzeka kanye nemvelo yalokhu kunyakaza.

Odokotela bezinzwa bahlukanisa amaqembu amaningana e-hyperkinesis, ngokusho kwendawo yesisekelo sabo se-pathological.

Ukulimala ekubunjweni kwe-subcortical - ukubonakaliswa kwabo kuzoba ngesimo se-chorea, i-torsion dystonia, i-athetosis noma i-ballism. Ukunyakaza kwabantu kubonakala ngokungabikho kwanoma yisiphi isigqi, ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi, okungavamile, ithoni yemisipha ekhubazekile (dystonia) kanye nokuhlukahluka okubanzi kokunyakaza.

Ukulimala kwesiqu sobuchopho - kulokhu, kuzoba nokuthuthumela okuvamile (ukuthuthumela), ukubonakala kwe-myorhythmias, tics, i-spasms ebusweni, i-myoclonus. Zibonakala ngesigqi, ukunyakaza kulula futhi kunemibono.

Ukulimala kwezakhiwo ze-cortical kanye ne-subcortical - zibonakala ngokuquleka kwesithuthwane, i-hyperkinesis ejwayelekile, i-Hunt's dyssynergy, i-moclonus.

Uma sicabangela ijubane lokunyakaza okwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo emzimbeni, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa:

• izinhlobo ezisheshayo ze-hyperkinesias ukuthuthumela, i-tics, i-ballism, i-chorea noma i-myoclonus - ngokuvamile inciphisa ithoni ye-muscle;
• amafomu ahamba kancane yi-torsion dystonias, i-athetosis - ithoni yemisipha ngokuvamile iyanda nabo.

Ngokusekelwe ekuhlukeni kokuvela kwabo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa:

• i-hyperkinesis ezenzakalelayo - zenzeka ngokwabo, ngaphandle kwethonya lanoma yiziphi izici;
• i-hyperkinesis yokuphromotha - bacasulwa ukusebenza kokunyakaza okuthile, ukwamukelwa kokuma okuthile;
• i-reflex hyperkinesis - zivela njengendlela yokusabela ku-stimuli yangaphandle (ukuthinta amaphuzu athile, ukushaya emsipha);
• okubangelwa ukunyakaza kwe-volitional ngokwengxenye, kungavinjelwa umuntu aze afike ezingeni elithile.

Ngokugeleza:

• ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo okunganyamalala kuphela ngesikhathi sokulala (lokhu, isibonelo, ukuthuthumela noma i-athetosis);
• i-paroxysmal, eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezilinganiselwe (lezi yi-tics, myoclonus).

Ukwelashwa kwe-hyperkinesis kubantu abadala

Ukuze kuqedwe ngempumelelo i-hyperkinesis, kuyadingeka ukunquma izimbangela zabo. Udokotela uphawula ukunyakaza okungahleliwe ngokwabo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa futhi acacise nesiguli. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiliphi izinga uhlelo lwezinzwa oluthintekayo nokuthi ukululama kwalo kungenzeka yini.

Diagnostics

Uhlelo oluyinhloko lokuxilonga luhilela ukubonisana nodokotela wezinzwa. Udokotela uhlola uhlobo lwe-hyperkinesis, unquma izimpawu ezihambisanayo, imisebenzi yengqondo, ukuhlakanipha. Futhi oqokiwe:

• I-EEG - ukuhlola umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho kanye nokusesha i-foci ye-pathological;
• I-Electroneuromyography - ukucacisa i-pathologies yemisipha;
• I-MRI noma i-CT yobuchopho - ukucacisa izilonda eziphilayo: i-hematomas, izicubu, ukuvuvukala;
• ukuhlolwa kokugeleza kwegazi kwe-cerebral usebenzisa i-ultrasound yezitsha zekhanda nentamo, i-MRI;
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-biochemical nomchamo;
• ukwelulekwa ngofuzo.

Ukwelashwa kwesimanje

Ngengxenye ye-kinetic evelele yokuzamazama, kanye nokuthuthumela kwekhanda nokugoqa kwezwi, i-clonazepam iyasebenza.

Ngokundindizela kwe-cerebellar, okunzima ukukwelapha, izidakamizwa ze-GABAergic zivame ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokukala izitho ngesongo.

Ukuvimbela i-hyperkinesis kubantu abadala ekhaya

“Azikho izinyathelo eziqondile zokuvimbela ukukhula kwalesi sifo,” kugcizelela udokotela wezinzwa u-Valentina Kuzmina. - Ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwesifo esikhona kuhloswe ngokuyinhloko ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka kwengqondo-ngokomzwelo nokucindezeleka. Kubalulekile futhi ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo - ukudla okunomsoco, indlela efanele yokuphumula nomsebenzi, njll.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Kungani i-hyperkinesis iyingozi, lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela, noma ngabe udinga ukuthatha imithi nokuthi ungakwazi yini ukuzelapha, kusho yena. udokotela wezinzwa u-Valentina Kuzmina.