Okuqukethwe
Iyini i-retinal detachment
– I-retinal detachment yisifo esiholela ekwehleni kwamehlo ngisho nokulahlekelwa ukubona. Kungenzeka noma ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwe-retina, lapho uketshezi lwe-intraocular luqala ukugeleza, noma ngenxa ye-traction syndrome, lapho kukhona ukukhula phakathi komzimba we-vitreous ne-retina, futhi umzimba we-vitreous uqala ukudonsa. , okuholela ekuhlukaneni okunjalo. Futhi, i-retinal detachment ingenzeka uma kukhona ukopha ngaphansi kwayo, isimila sesivele siyi-detachment yesibili, kusho. Okhethiwe weSayensi Yezokwelapha, udokotela wamehlo wesigaba esiphezulu uNatalia Voroshilova.
Njengoba udokotela echazile, ukuhlukaniswa kungaba okuyisisekelo kanye nesesibili. I-pathology eyinhloko ibizwa ngokuthi, lapho i-detachment ilandelwa ukuphuka, okulandelwa ukuvuza koketshezi ngaphansi kwe-retina kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwalolu lwelwesi olubaluleke kakhulu lweso. I-detachment yesibili iqala njengenkinga yanoma iyiphi inqubo ye-pathological - isibonelo, ngenxa yokubonakala kwe-neoplasm phakathi kwe-retina ne-vascular membranes yeso.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-fiber detachment:
- i-rhematogenous (isho ukuphuka) - kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqhuma kwe-retina;
- ukudonsa - kwenzeka ngenxa yokungezwani kwezicubu ze-retina ezivela ohlangothini lomzimba we-vitreous;
- i-exudative - kwenzeka lapho uketshezi lwe-serous lungena endaweni engaphansi kwe-retina, futhi ukuvuthwa kwe-vascular kuyanda;
- okuxubile - isibonelo, uhlobo lwe-traction-rhegmatogenous, lapho igebe lenziwa khona ngokumelene nesizinda sokudonsa komzimba we-vitreous.
Izimbangela zeqembu le-retinal
Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi sifo ukuphuka kwe-retina. Ngegebe elakhiwe, uketshezi oluvela emzimbeni we-vitreous lungena ngaphansi kwe-retina futhi luyikhiphe ku-choroid. Okusho ukuthi, kukhona ukudonsa komzimba we-vitreous lapho isimo sawo esivamile sishintsha.
Ukuphuka kwe-retina kungenzeka futhi uma incishisiwe. Izinyembezi ezinkulu zivame ukwenzeka ngokulimala kwamehlo. Ophthalmologists baphinde baqaphele ukuthi i-fiber detachment ingenzeka ngisho nakubantu ababona kahle kakhulu nalabo abangakaze babe nezinkinga zamehlo. Izizathu zingase zibe ukuzikhandla ngokweqile komzimba kanye nokunyakaziswa okunamandla komzimba ngesikhathi sokugxuma nokuwa. Kunconywa ukuthi abantu abanemininingwane emihle kakhulu engokomzimba kanye nombono bangaphuthelwa isikhathi sokuvimbela nodokotela wamehlo futhi baqaphele impilo yamehlo abo.
Izimpawu ze-retinal detachment
Ekuqaleni, lesi sifo kumuntu si-asymptomatic, esikhathini esizayo, ukuqothuka kwe-retinal iso kungaboniswa yi:
- ukubonakala "kweveli" phambi kwamehlo;
- ukukhanya ngendlela yezinhlansi nombani;
- ukuhlanekezelwa kwezinhlamvu ezicatshangelwayo, izinto, eziphuma emkhakheni wokubuka wezigaba zabo ngazinye.
Ezinye iziguli zibuye ziqaphele ukuthi umbono wabo uwohloka ngemva kokulala. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokuma komzimba ovundlile, i-retina ibuyela endaweni yayo, futhi lapho umuntu esukuma, okungukuthi, ethatha indawo eqondile, iphinda isuke kude ne-choroid futhi ukukhubazeka okubukwayo kuqale kabusha.
Ukwelashwa kwe-retinal detachment
Ngeshwa, awekho amaphilisi namaconsi omlingo angakwazi ukwelapha i-retina. Okuwukuphela kwenketho esele ukuhlinzwa. Ngokusho kodokotela, lapho ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokushesha, maningi amathuba okuba kubuyiselwe umbono futhi kusindise iso.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo kuzodingeka abone ukukhala kwe-retina, ayivale futhi enze ukunamathela okuqinile phakathi kwe-vascular and retinal membrane.
Diagnostics
Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa kwe-retinal detachment, kufanele nakanjani uthintane ne-ophthalmologist. Udokotela uzohlola i-acuity ebonakalayo, ahlole insimu yokubuka, enze ucwaningo olukhethekile lwe-electrophysiological ukuze anqume ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ze-retina ne-optic nerve. Uma kunesidingo, ungakwazi futhi ukuqhuba ucwaningo usebenzisa i-ultrasound ukuze unqume ubukhulu be-retina ehlukanisiwe nesimo somzimba we-vitreous futhi uhlole i-fundus (i-ophthalmoscopy) ukuze unqume ngokunembile indawo yokuphuka kwe-retina nenombolo yabo.
Kuphela ngemva kokuba imiphumela yenziwe, udokotela uzokwazi ukusho ukuthi yikuphi ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa okufanele isiguli.
Ukwelashwa kwesimanje
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlinzwa, udokotela uzokhetha eyodwa yazo kuye ngokuthi uhlobo oluthile lweqembu.
- Ukugcwaliswa kwendawo. Kwenziwa endaweni yokuqhekeka kwe-retina kulawo macala lapho ihlukaniswe ngokwengxenye;
- Ukugcwaliswa okuyisiyingi. Isetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu lapho i-retina igoqe ngokuphelele futhi kukhona ukuphuka okuningi;
- I-Vitrectomy. Lena indlela lapho umzimba we-vitreous oshintshiwe ukhishwa esweni bese kufakwa omunye wezidakamizwa ezidingekayo esikhundleni salokho: i-saline, i-silicone ewuketshezi, inhlanganisela ye-perfluorocarbon ewuketshezi, noma igesi ekhethekile ecindezela i-retina ngokumelene ne-retina. i-choroid kusuka ngaphakathi;
- I-laser coagulation noma i-cryopexy ukukhawulela indawo yokuphuka kanye nezindawo ezacile ze-retina;
- I-Retinopexy. Yenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-micronail akhethekile wesafire ukulungisa unqenqema oludabukile lwe-retina uma kwenzeka iphuka.
Ukuvimbela i-retinal detachment ekhaya
I-retinal detachment iyinkimbinkimbi eyingozi ye-myopia, kanye nokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kweso okuhlobene nobudala noma ufuzo. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuvimbela lesi sifo ukubonana nodokotela kusenesikhathi ukuze uthole izikhalazo futhi ungaphuthelwa ukuhlolwa kokuvikela.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-retinal detachment, ukubuyela emuva kungase kwenzeke. Uma usuvele uhlangabezane nenkinga enjalo futhi ungafuni ukuphinde uhlangane, khona-ke udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela i-retina ngomfundi obanzi nguchwepheshe osebenzisa imishini ekhethekile futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukuvimbela i-laser coagulation ye-retina.
Izazi ze-Ophthalmologists nazo zeluleka abesifazane abakhulelwe ukuba babonwe odokotela - kukho konke ukukhulelwa okungenani kabili, ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kokukhulelwa. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, umama kufanele ahlolwe yi-ophthalmologist kungakapheli izinyanga ezingu-1-3 emva kwabo.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile
Amazwana Natalia Voroshilova, PhD, ophthalmologist esigabeni esiphezulu: