I-ecosystem yaseLuangwa iyikhaya cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezindlovu zaseZambia. Phambilini, inani lezindlovu eZambia lafinyelela kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-250. Kodwa kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950, ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungemthetho, isibalo sezindlovu sehle kakhulu ezweni. Ngawo-1980, kwakusele izindlovu ezingu-18 kuphela eZambia. Nokho, ukubambisana kwezishoshovu zamalungelo ezilwane kanye nemiphakathi yendawo kwawuphazamisa lo mkhuba. Ngo-2018 azikho izigameko zokubulawa kwezindlovu eNorth Luangwa National Park, kanti ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane isibalo sokubulawa kwezindlovu sehle ngesibalo esingaphezu kwesigamu.
INorthern Luangwa Conservation Programme, eyasungulwa ngokuhlanganyela neFrankfurt Zoological Society, yasiza ekufinyeleleni imiphumela enjalo. Lolu hlelo luncike osizweni lwemiphakathi yasendaweni ukuthi lusize ekulweni nokubulawa kwabantu ngokungemthetho. U-Ed Sayer, inhloko yeNorth Luangwa Conservation Programme, uthi imiphakathi yakule ndawo isibashalazele ababazingeli ngokungemthetho esikhathini esedlule. Ngaphambilini, imiphakathi yendawo yayithola imali encane noma enganamali evela kwezokuvakasha, futhi kwezinye izimo, abantu bendawo ngokwabo babezingela izindlovu futhi babengenaso isisusa sokumisa lo msebenzi.
USayer uthe le nhlangano isebenzisane nohulumeni wasekhaya ukuze kuzuzwe inqubomgomo yokwabelana ngemali engenayo elinganayo. Abantu baphinde bakhonjiswa izindlela ezehlukene zezimali ezingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokuzingela ngokungemthetho, njengokuthuthukiswa kwezamahlathi. “Uma ngempela sifuna ukuvikela le ndawo, kumele siqinisekise ukubamba iqhaza okugcwele komphakathi, okuhlanganisa nokusatshalaliswa kwemali engenayo,” kusho uSayer.
Ukuphela kokuzingela
Ukuphela kokuzingela ngokungemthetho kungasondezwa ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusha kanye noxhaso oluhlakaniphile.
I-David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust eKenya yenza ukugada kwezindiza okulwa nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, igcina izindawo zokuhlala futhi ibandakanya imiphakathi yendawo. Isiqiwu saseNingizimu Afrika sisebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-CCTV, izinzwa, i-biometrics ne-Wi-Fi ukuze kulandelelwe abazingeli. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kule ndawo kwehle ngo-96%. Njengamanje kunesidingo sokuhlanganisa ukongiwa kwemvelo eNdiya naseNew Zealand, lapho kuzingelwa khona amahlosi nezilwane zasolwandle.
Uxhaso lwezimali zamaphrojekthi okuhloswe ngalo ukunqanda ukuzingela ngokungemthetho luyakhula. NgoJulayi odlule, uhulumeni wase-UK wathembisa u-£44,5 wezigidi ezinhlelweni zokulwa nokuhweba ngezilwane zasendle emhlabeni jikelele. UMichael Gove, uNobhala Wezemvelo e-UK, uthe “izinkinga zemvelo azinamingcele futhi zidinga ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe.”