Okuqukethwe
Abangane, maye, esikhathini sethu, ngaphambi kokuba uthole injabulo ekudala uyilindele, udinga ukubhekana nezimo nezithiyo eziningi. Ukutholwa kufaka inombolo enkulu yezinqubo ezisemthethweni. Ukukusiza kulo msebenzi onzima kodwa onomvuzo omkhulu, sesiphinda sishicilela lokho esikunikezwe yi-Change One Life Foundation.
Futhi namhlanje sizothinta izihloko eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, ezibaluleke kakhulu kubazali abathathe isinqumo sokuthola ingane:
- Ubani ongaba umqaphi futhi yini i-SPR?
- Ukuqoqa imibhalo
- Siyaxhumana neziphathimandla zokugada nokuqapha
- Sifuna ingane futhi sibhalisa ilungelo lokugcinwa
- Ukulungiselela impilo entsha
- Sibhalisa umndeni wokutholwa
Isigeniso: Ukunakekelwa ngabazali okungeyona eyakho noma umndeni wokukhulisa
Ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zesakhiwo somndeni kumthetho waseRussia, konke kulula kakhulu kunalokho kubonakala. Futhi kubonakala sengathi konke kunzima kithina, ikakhulukazi ngoba sididekile ngabezindaba. Izintatheli ezingenamakhono zibiza zonke izingane ezithole abazali bazo ngokungakhethi "zenziwe", nayo yonke imindeni ethathe lezo zingane ukuba zikhuliswe - "zamukelwe". Yize empeleni, abazali abakhulisa izingane okungezona ezabo abazithathi izingane, kepha bazithatha ngaphansi kokugadwa. Kepha izintatheli azinaso isikhathi sokuqonda ubuqili obunjalo - ngakho-ke bakha inkolelo-mbono ngokulandelana.
Ngokubanzi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zesakhiwo somndeni eRussia - ukwamukelwa nokugcinwa. Ubudlelwano bezomthetho phakathi kwabantu abadala nengane ngesikhathi sokutholwa bulawulwa ikakhulukazi yiKhodi Yomndeni yaseRussia, futhi esimweni sokugadwa (kanye nokugadwa nokunakekelwa kwabazali abangabodwa) - yi-Civil Code. Ukuqapha kusuka ekugadweni
yehlukile eminyakeni yengane (endala kuneminyaka eyi-14), futhi umndeni wokutholwa uyindlela ekhokhelwayo yokugada, lapho umnakekeli ethola inkokhelo ngomsebenzi wakhe. Ngamanye amagama: isisekelo sokwakhiwa komndeni wokutholwa njalo ukubhaliswa kwelungelo lokugcina ingane. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ukuqonda okulula, amabinzana athi “umndeni okhulisa izingane ezingezona ezakho” nokuthi “umzali wokutholwa”, kanye nokuthi “ukugadwa” kanye “nomphathiswa” kuzovela kuphela lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ngaphandle kwazo. Kuwo wonke amanye amacala - "ukugcinwa" kanye "nomgcini".
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ifomu lokubekwa phambili kohlaka lomndeni eRussian Federation kuthathwa njengokutholwa, namuhla izakhamuzi eziningi ngokwengeziwe ezifuna ukwamukela ingane enesiphetho esinzima emndenini wazo zikhetha ukunakekelwa kanye nezinto ezitholakala kuzo. Kungani? Kususelwa kuzintshisekelo zengane. Ngemuva konke, esimweni sokubhaliswa kobunakekeli, ingane igcina isimo sayo sobuntandane, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, yonke imihlomulo, izinkokhelo nezinye izinzuzo okufanele zikhokhelwe uhulumeni.
Bekhetha phakathi kokutholwa kanye nokugcinwa, abazali abaningi babeka uhlangothi lwezinto ezibonakalayo phambili. Ezifundeni eziningi, abazali bokutholwa bathola inkokhelo enkulu yesamba. Isibonelo, izakhamizi zesifunda saseKaliningrad zingathola ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-615 ngokuthengwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala endaweni yengane yokutholwa. Futhi esifundeni iPskov bakhipha ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500 ngaphandle kwemingcele ekusetshenzisweni kwawo. Futhi hhayi kubahlali basePskov kuphela, kodwa nakubazali bokutholwa abavela kunoma yisiphi isifunda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngo-2013, lapho kuthathwa odadewabo nabafowabo, noma izingane ezikhubazekile noma intsha engaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi, umbuso ukhokha abazali ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu ngasikhathi. Futhi uma ingane yokutholwa ingeyesibili emndenini, khona-ke abazali bangafuna nenhlokodolobha yokubeletha. Zonke lezi zinkokhelo ziwusizo olukhulu ekuthuthukiseni izimo zokuphila zomndeni. Kepha, njengoba sekushiwo ngaphambili, intandane esimweni sokutholwa iba ingane ejwayelekile yaseRussia, ilahlekelwe yiyo yonke "imali eyintandane", kubandakanya nezindlu zabo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingane, ikakhulukazi ingane endala, ibone ukuthi "ayivikelwe", kepha yamukelwa-okusho ukuthi, isibe ngumdabu hhayi ezinhliziyweni zabantu abasondelene kuphela, kodwa futhi kubhaliwe. Kodwa-ke, kaningi akunakwenzeka ukukhetha ukwamukelwa: uma kunemikhawulo ezinhlotsheni zokuhlelwa komndeni. Ngakho-ke, uma abazali begazi lengane bengancishwa amalungelo obuzali, kepha belinganiselwe kubo kuphela, izindlela ezimbili kuphela zokuhlelela ingane ezokwazi ukwenzeka: ukunakekelwa (ukunakekelwa) noma umndeni wokukhulisa.
Ukukhetha phakathi kohlobo lokunakekelwa olukhokhelwayo nolungakhokhelwa, imindeni eminingi ecebile ikhetha ukhetho lwesibili - bathi, kungani kufanele sithole umholo ngokukhulisa ingane, sizoyikhulisa mahhala. Okwamanje, le mali encane (ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3-5 ngenyanga, kuya ngesifunda) imali ingasetshenziselwa ukudala imali oyongele ingane - angithi, akekho noyedwa okuvimba ukuthi uvule idiphozi yokufaka imali egameni lakho ward, bese wenza inani elifanele ngokufika kwakhe eminyakeni yobudala: ngomshado, isikole, imoto yokuqala, njll.
Ukunakekelwa ngabazali noma abakhulisa izingane okungezona ezabo? Ukukhetha kuhlala kushiyelwa kulabo bantu abadala abenza isinqumo esifanelekile sokwamukela ingane enesiphetho esinzima emndenini wabo. Into esemqoka ukuthi lokhu kukhetha kufanele kwenziwe egameni lomntwana nasekuvikeleni izintshisekelo zakhe.
Yini enye okudingeka uyazi mayelana nokugcinwa nokunakekelwa kwabangabanakekeli-Isithasiselo 1
Ngubani ongaba ngumqaphi futhi yini i-SPD?
Umbuzo osesihlokweni salesi sigaba ungaphendulwa kafushane: "noma isiphi isakhamuzi esikhulile esinamandla seRussia Federation". Uma kungenjalo "ngokungafani" okuthile.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthi uqoqe amadokhumende wokubhaliswa kwelungelo lokugcina izingane, qiniseka ukuthi awu:
1) baphucwa amalungelo abo obuzali.
2) babevinjelwe emalungelweni abo obuzali.
3) bamiswa ekwenzeni imisebenzi yokuba ngumgcini (umphatheli).
4) babengumzali wokutholwa, futhi ukutholwa kwakhekiswa ngenxa yephutha lakho.
5) babe nerekhodi elivelele noma elisalele lobugebengu ngamacala amakhulu noma amakhulu kakhulu.
6) * babe noma babe nerekhodi lobugebengu, noma babhekene nokushushiswa ngobugebengu ngamacala abhekene nokuphila kanye nempilo, inkululeko, inhlonipho kanye nesithunzi somuntu (ngaphandle kokubekwa ngokungemthetho esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo, ukunyundelwa nokuthukwa ), ukungaziphathi kahle kwezocansi kanye nenkululeko yezocansi yomuntu ngamunye, kanye namacala abhekiswe emndenini nakubantwana, impilo yomphakathi kanye nokuziphatha komphakathi kanye nokuphepha komphakathi (* - le nto inganakwa uma ukushushiswa kobugebengu kunqanyulwa ngezizathu zokuvuselela).
7) ushade nomuntu wobulili bakho, obhaliswe kunoma isiphi isimo lapho lowo mshado uvunyelwe, noma ungashadanga nomuntu wobulili obuhlukile, eyisakhamuzi sombuso oshiwo.
8) uhlushwa ukuphuza ngokweqile noma ukulutha izidakamizwa
9) awukwazi ukusebenzisa amalungelo akho obuzali ngezizathu zempilo **.
10) hlala ndawonye nabantu abaphethwe yizifo eziyingozi kwabanye ***.
** - uhlu lwalezi zifo lungatholakala kwiSithasiselo 2
*** - uhlu lwalezi zifo lungatholakala kwiSithasiselo 2
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ngaphandle kwe-particle "not": isakhamuzi esizibiza ngokuthi singumnakekeli ophakeme kumele siphumelele ukuqeqeshwa ngokwengqondo, ukufundisa kanye nezomthetho - sibe nesitifiketi se-School of Foster Parents (SPR).
Ngabe ukuqeqeshwa ku-SPD kunikeza ini ngaphezu kwesitifiketi esifiselekayo? Izikole zabazali abasingethe izingane zizibekela imisebenzi eminingi, owokuqala ukusiza abazongenela ababheki ekuboneni ukulungela kwabo ukwamukela ingane ezokhuliswa, ekuqondeni izinkinga zangempela nobunzima abazobhekana nabo kwinqubo yokumkhulisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-SPD ikhomba futhi yakhe amakhono okufundisa nawokuba ngumzali adingekayo ezakhamuzini, kufaka phakathi ukuvikela amalungelo nempilo yengane, ukuyakhela indawo ephephile, ukuzibandakanya ngempumelelo, ukufundiswa kanye nokuthuthuka kwengane.
Kodwa-ke, ngeke udingeke ukuthi ufunde ku-SPR uma (ngokuya nge-Article 146 yeKhodi Yomndeni yeRussian Federation):
- ungumzali wokutholwa noma ubungumzali wokutholwa, futhi ukutholwa ngokutholwa kwakho akukakhanselwa.
- ungumnakekeli noma ungumphathi, futhi awususwanga ekwenzeni imisebenzi oyinikiwe
- isihlobo esiseduze sengane ****.
**** - funda ngezinzuzo zezihlobo eziseduze kwiSithasiselo 3
Imfundo eSikoleni Sabazali Abangabondli is khululakwecala. Lokhu kufanele kunakekelwe ngabaphathi bokuqapha kanye nabaqaphi besifunda sakho, bazokhipha nokudluliselwa kwi-SPR. Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka uhlelo, okuthi, ngendlela, kumele luvunyelwe nguMnyango Wezemfundo Nesayensi, unganikwa ithuba lokuhlolwa ngokwengqondo - sicela wazi - ngemvume yakho. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ingeyokuncoma futhi iyabhekelwa lapho kuqokwa umlondolozi no:
- izimfanelo zokuziphatha nezinye izimfanelo zomnakekeli;
- ikhono lomgcini lokwenza imisebenzi yabo;
- ubudlelwano phakathi komnakekeli nengane;
- isimo samalungu omndeni womnakekeli ngengane;
- isimo sengane ethembeni lokufunda emndenini ohlongozwayo (uma lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yeminyaka yakhe nokuhlakanipha).
- isifiso sengane sokubona umuntu othile njengomnakekeli waso.
- degree of kinship (anti / umshana, ugogo / umzukulu, umfowethu / udadewenu, njll.), Impahla (umalokazana / umamezala), okwakuyimpahla yakudala (owayengutata wesibili / owayengumzali wakhe), njll.
References:
"I-Anti-Opekunskie" nezifo eziyingozi-Isithasiselo 2
Izinzuzo zezihlobo-Isithasiselo 3
Ukuqoqa imibhalo
Ngabe uqinisekisile ukuthi akukho okunye okwehlukile noma izimo ezishiwo esahlukweni esedlule okukuvimbela ekubeni ngumqaphi? Ngemuva kwalokho kuhlala kufakazela lokhu kuziphathimandla zokugada nokubanakekela ngokubanikeza imininingwane ngawe.
Uma ufuna ukuthola ilungelo lokugcina ingane ngokushesha okukhulu (futhi abazali abaningi abasingethe abakufunayo lokhu), kungcono ungalindi kuze kube yilapho ochwepheshe kwezokugada nokugada bezocela imininingwane kuMnyango Wezangaphakathi, uMnyango Wezobulungiswa, ezokwelapha nezinye. izinhlangano. Qala ukwenza ngokwakho: ungaqoqa imibhalo ngokuhambisana nokuqeqeshwa ku-SPR. Amafomu adingekayo angatholakala kochwepheshe bokugada nokugada, noma ungaziphrinta ngokwakho *.
* - thola imibhalo eyisampula kuSithasiselo 4
Ayikho imibhalo eminingi kangaka ekuhlukanisayo kusukela esiphethweni segunya lokugada nelokugcina mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka ube ngumqaphi. Omunye umbuzo ngukuthi ezinye zalezi “zicucu zephepha” zinikezwa ngamahora amaningi olayini ezikhungweni ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukonga isikhathi nezinzwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi yimaphi amadokhumende okufanele abhekwane nawo kuqala.
Ngakho-ke, lapho uqoqa imibhalo, kungakuhle ukuthi ulandele le oda elandelayo:
1. Umbiko wezokwelapha. Leli phuzu lidinga incazelo enkulu kakhulu. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwabangaba ngabaqaphi kuyinto khululakwecala. Uma noma yiziphi izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo edolobheni lakho zingavumelani nalokhu, ungabheka ngokuphepha kumyalelo woMnyango Wezempilo weRussian Federation No. 332 kaSepthemba 10, 1996. Okwesibili, umyalo ofanayo nawo wethula ifomu Cha .164 / u-96, lapho kuyodingeka uqoqe khona izimpawu eziyishumi nambili nezitembu. Sekukonke, kunikeza iziphetho zodokotela abayisishiyagalombili abangochwepheshe - udokotela wezingcweti, udokotela wezifo zengqondo, udokotela wezifo zamehlo, i-oncologist, i-neurologist, uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo, owelapha - kanye nesiginesha kadokotela oyinhloko we-polyclinic endaweni yakho ukubhaliswa. Njengomthetho, bonke odokotela bahlangana maphakathi, bese bebeka "okungatholakali" kwabo ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, njengakwezinye izikhulu, izigameko zingenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kwamanye amadolobha, ukubonana nodokotela wezidakamizwa kanye nodokotela wezifo zengqondo ngeke kuvunyelwe kuze kudlule i-fluorography. Futhi ngaphandle kwezitembu zalaba chwepheshe, uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo uzokwenqaba ukukhuluma nawe, imiphumela yakhe yokuhlolwa okufanele ilinde kuze kube amasonto amabili. Mayelana nakho konke lokhu, kungakuhle ukuthi ubuze labo asebephumelele ukuhlolwa okunjalo kwezokwelapha esifundeni sakho. Futhi uhlele isikhathi esifanele kanye ne-logic "chain".
2. Isitifiketi esivela esikhungweni semininingwane soMnyango Wezangaphakathi (mayelana nokungabikho kwerekhodi lobugebengu, njll.). Amaphoyisa anelungelo lokukhiqiza lo mbhalo kungakapheli nenyanga, kodwa futhi, njengomthetho, asebenza ngokushesha okukhulu lapho umnakekeli wesikhathi esizayo enza isicelo - ikakhulukazi uma ubhalisiwe esihlokweni esisodwa seRussia Federation impilo yakho yonke.
3. Isitifiketi semali engenayo izinyanga eziyi-12. Lokhu kuncike kakhulu kwi-accountant lapho usebenza khona, futhi abezimali, njengoba wazi, bangabantu abaphambukayo nabagxile. Bangaphinde bakubambezele ukukhishwa kwesitatimende se-2-NDFL, uma umbiko wekota ungakuvumeli ukuthi uphazanyiswe yizinto ezingenangqondo ezinjalo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukucela idokhumenti kusengaphambili. Uma ungenayo imali engenayo (kusebenza umlingani oyedwa kuphela), khona-ke intela yomuntu siqu yomyeni / unkosikazi nayo izosebenza. Noma eminye imibhalo eqinisekisa imali engenayo (isibonelo, isitatimende sasebhange sokunyakaza kwama-akhawunti).
4. Idokhumenti evela ezinkampanini ezisetshenziswayo-HOA / DEZ / CC-endaweni yokubhalisa. Ikhophi ye-akhawunti yomuntu siqu yezezimali noma enye idokhumenti eqinisekisa ilungelo lokusebenzisa indawo yokuhlala noma ilungelo lokuba nayo.
5. Imvume ebhaliwe yawo wonke amalungu omndeni wabantu abadala yokwamukela ingane emndenini (kucatshangelwa umbono wezingane ezihlala ndawonye nawe osufinyelele eminyakeni eyi-10). Kubhalwe ngendlela yamahhala.
6. Autobiography. Ukuqhubeka okujwayelekile kuzokwenza: ukuzalwa, ukufundelwa, umsebenzi, imiklomelo nezihloko.
7. Ikhophi yesitifiketi somshado (uma ushadile).
8. Ikhophi yesitifiketi sempesheni (IZINSIMBI).
9. Isitifiketi sokuphothula ukuqeqeshwafuthi (SPR).
10. Isicelo sokuqokwa njengomqaphi.
Kwezinye izifunda zaseRussia, lonke iphakethe lemibhalo lingathunyelwa nge-Intanethi kusetshenziswa i- "Unified Portal of Public Services". Kepha kungcono-ke ukuthatha imibhalo uqobo, uthathe nepasipoti. Futhi jwayelana nalabo ngoti beziphathimandla zokugada nokugada, abazokuhalalisela ngokungeziwe emndenini.
Uyacelwa uqaphele: yonke imibhalo, amakhophi abo kanye neminye imininingwane edingekayo yokuthola ilungelo lokugcina ingane inikezwa khululakwecala. "Impilo eshalofini" yemibhalo ebaluleke kakhulu (izigaba 2-4) ingunyaka owodwa. Umbiko wezokwelapha usebenza izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Imibhalo eyisampula-Isithasiselo 4
Ngakho-ke, iphakethe lakho lamadokhumenti-kuziphathimandla zokugada nokuqapha
va. Kepha noma ngabe yonke imibhalo iphelele, ukuze ikufake kwirejista, idokhumenti yokugcina ayanele, lapho ongoti abazozikhiqiza bona ngemuva kokuvakashela ekhaya lakho. Lokhu kuvakasha kufanele kwenzeke zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7 ngemuva kokulethwa kwephakheji enkulu yemibhalo. Sikhuluma ngesenzo sokuhlola izimo zokuphila zesakhamuzi esizwakalise isifiso sokuba ngumqaphi.
Kulesi senzo, igunya lokugada nokuhlola lihlola ”izimo zokuphila, izimfanelo zomuntu siqu kanye nezisusa zalowo ofaka isicelo, amandla akhe okukhulisa ingane, ubudlelwano obenziwe phakathi kwamalungu omndeni.” Ngokwenza lokhu, kubukeka kanjena: ongoti beza bezokuvakashela, futhi, behlola izindlu, babuza imibuzo eyengeziwe bese begcwalisa ifomu labo, lapho benza khona amanothi adingekayo. Akunasizathu sokufuna ulwazi ngochwepheshe noma, kunalokho, ukungena esimeni, ucasulwe ukuphazanyiswa kwabantu bangaphandle empilweni yakho yangasese. Yisho nje njengoba injalo. Uma kukhona ukushiyeka okusobala (ngokwesibonelo, ukuntuleka kwesikhala samakilasi, amathoyizi) - yabelana ngezinhlelo zakho ngokuthi uzokulungisa kanjani. Iqiniso lihlale liyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu.
Kwenzeka ukuthi ochwepheshe beziphathimandla zokunakekelwa abaneliseki ngemidwebo eyisikwele yendawo yokuhlala ewela enganeni. Kwesinye isikhathi "ukuqina" kuyacatshangelwa: lapho inani labantu ababhaliswe efulethini lidlula inani lezakhamizi eziphila empeleni. Kulula ukufakazela lokhu ngokunikeza ngemibhalo eyengeziwe eqinisekisa ukuhlala kwalabo “abangekho” kwamanye amakheli. Uma amamitha mancane impela (amazinga aphansi esikhala sokuphila esifundeni ngasinye nakumasipala ahlukile, futhi athanda ukwanda), kepha izimo zengane zikhululekile, lapho-ke igunya lokugada nelokugada kumele liqhubeke ngokusuka ezinganeni. Kungaba wusizo ukukhumbula isimemezelo sikaMongameli sangoDisemba "Kwezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa inqubomgomo yombuso emkhakheni wokuvikela izintandane nezingane ezishiywe ngaphandle kokunakekelwa ngabazali". Ithi ngokunciphisa izidingo zendawo ejwayelekile yezindawo zokuhlala lapho ufaka izingane zokukhuliswa emndenini. Uma lokhu kungasizi - umbiko wenhlolovo ovunyelwe ungaphonselwa inselelo enkantolo.
Umbiko wenhlolovo ukhishwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezintathu, emva kwalokho uvunywa yiziphathimandla, bese uthunyelwa kuwe - kungakapheli ezinye izinsuku ezintathu. Futhi emva kwalokho kuphela, igunya lokugada nelokugcina lihlanganisa lonke iphakethe lamadokhumenti bese likhipha umbono wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi isakhamuzi sibe ngumqaphi. Lokhu kungathatha ezinye izinsuku eziyi-3. Uma kunesinqumo esivumayo, lesi siphetho sizoba yisisekelo sokubhaliswa - ukungena kumagazini kwenziwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu.
Isiphetho sokuthi kungenzeka ube ngumqaphi ngumbhalo osebenza iminyaka emibili kulo lonke elaseRussia. Ngayo, ungafaka isicelo kunoma yiliphi igunya lokugada nelokugada noma kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi wesifunda weFederal Database ngesicelo sokukhethwa kwengane. Ngokwesisekelo sesiphetho esifanayo, igunya lokugada nelokugada lapho kuhlala khona ingane lizokwenza isenzo ekuqokweni kwakho njengomgcini.
Ufuna ingane futhi ubhalise ilungelo lokugcina
Sikutshele kaninginingi ukuthi ungayithola kanjani ingane "yakho" (noma cha nakancane). Uma uhlose ukuthatha ingane uyise emndenini esifundeni sakho - ungasesha ngokusemthethweni, ngokusebenzisa i-opharetha yesifunda ye-Federal database (FBD). Kepha uma usukulungele ukutholela ingane okungenani ezweni lonke, futhi uyibheke yonke indawo ngasikhathi sinye - le nketho ngeke isebenze, ngoba ngeke ukwazi ukufaka isicelo ku-opharetha wesibili kuze kube yilapho owokuqala egcwalisa isicelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usesho olusebenzisa opharetha besifunda lenzelwe ukuthi udinga ukukhetha amapharamitha amaningi - iminyaka yengane, umbala wamehlo nezinwele, ubukhona bezelamani, njll.
Ngokwenzayo, abazali abaningi bokutholwa abajabule nabaphumelelayo bagcina sebethatha umndeni okwakungeyona izingane ababehlele ukuzithola. Konke kunqunywe ngomfanekiso obonwayo wengane - uma sebebonile ividiyo noma isithombe, abazali babengasakwazi ukucabanga ngomunye umuntu, futhi bakhohlwa ngokuphelele ngokuthandwa abebekucabanga. Ngakho-ke izingane ezinemibala “engathandeki” yamehlo nezinwele, ezinezimbali zezifo, zihlangene nabafowabo nodadewabo ziye emindenini. Ngemuva kwakho konke, inhliziyo ayiqondi imingcele ye-FBD.
Awuboni nje kuphela, kodwa futhi uzwe izwi lengane yakho engakazalwa esisekelweni sevidiyoanket "Shintsha impilo eyodwa" - enkulu kunazo zonke eRussia. Kuvidiyo emfushane, uzobona ukuthi ingane idlala kanjani, inyakaza kanjani, ukuthi yini engayenza nokuzwa ukuthi iphi noma iphupha ngani.
Ngemuva kokutholwa kwengane, uphoqelekile ukuba ujwayelane nayo futhi uqale ukuxhumana, futhi unelungelo lokujwayela imibhalo esefayilini lomuntu siqu futhi ufunde nombiko wezempilo ngempilo yayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthumela isicelo ku-opharetha wesifunda ofanele bese ugcwalisa ifomu. Uzonikezwa imininingwane ngengane zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10. Futhi uma usukulungele ukudlulela phambili-indlela yokujwayela.
Ake sithi kugcine kukuhle: uvakashele ingane kaningana, mhlawumbe waze wayicela nokuhamba ibanga elifushane, futhi wasungula "oxhumana naye" okukhulunywe ngaye. Bese kuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu isale: ukukhipha isitifiketi sokuqokwa komgcini.
Lesi senzo - ukunakwa! - kukhishwe ukugadwa nokugadwa igunya lapho kuhlala khona ingane. Uma isikole okuhlalwa kuso noma ikhaya lezintandane lapho kukhuliswa khona ingane likude kakhulu, zama ukuhlela nochwepheshe ukuthi bazame ukwamukela isicelo bese bekhipha isenzo ngosuku olulodwa-kungenjalo kuzofanele uye endaweni eyihlane kabili. Iqiniso ukuthi ngemuva kokwamukela isicelo sakho, isiphathimandla sokugada nokugada sizodinga ukwenza ezinye izinto eziningi ezidla isikhathi: ukucela imininingwane esikhungweni lapho kukhuliswa khona ingane, kanye nokubamba umkhandlu wokugada. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuthatha ezinye izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
Uma konke kuhamba kahle, uzomenywa ku-organ
ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kokuthola isenzo kanye nesitifiketi salowo ogadile, futhi isikhungo sizolungiselela ingane nemibhalo yayo.
Ukulungiselela impilo entsha
Ngakho-ke, singakuhalalisela: unikezwe isitifiketi somnakekeli, futhi ingane ishiya isikole okuhlalwa kuso iya emndenini!
Ndawonye nengane, uzonikezwa amakhilogremu ambalwa amadokhumenti avela kufayela lakhe siqu *. Ungajahi ukuwafaka kumafolda: ekhaya uzoba nengxenye kuphela yemibhalo: icala lomfundi (uma likhona) lizofunda, kanti abanye bazoya kungobo yomlando yokugadwa nokugadwa igunya lapho uhlala khona (ukubhalisa), lapho ungakabhalisi khona.
* - Uhla lwemibhalo yengane lungatholakala kusiThasiselo 5
Lapho futhi uzobhala isicelo sokukhokhwa kwemali yesikhathi esisodwa (namuhla isukela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-12.4 kuye kwezingu-17.5, kuya ngesifunda) futhi, uma ufisa, isicelo sokusungulwa komndeni onganakekelwa. Ngemuva kokubhalisa, kuzodingeka wenze ezinye izinto eziningi - njengokuvula i-akhawunti yamanje egameni lengane (ukuthola incwadi eyi-Savings Book), ukubhalisa ingane okwesikhashana lapho uhlala khona, ukufaka isicelo sokwehliswa intela , njll. Ochwepheshe beziphathimandla zokugada nokugada bazokutshela ngakho konke lokhu. Futhi kuzodingeka nokuthi bakunikeze i-oda-imvume yokusebenzisa imali edluliselwe njalo ngenyanga yokondla ingane.
Uma ingane iseminyakeni yobudala besikole - kuzodingeka futhi uyibhalise esikoleni (kungcono ukunakekela lokhu kusengaphambili), bese uyifaka ezinhlwini ezikhethwayo zamaholide ehlobo. Uma uhlela ukuhambela kwelinye izwe-bhekela ukuthola ipasipoti yakwamanye amazwe esemncane. Uma ingane yakho inemali, yidlulisele kudiphozi enenzuzo ebhange elithembekile.
Kuzoba nezinkinga eziningi, kepha eziningi zazo zimnandi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lokhu kungukubonakaliswa kokuqala kokunakekela ingane nokuvikela izintshisekelo zakho ngawe, vele njengommeleli wakhe wezomthetho.
Imibhalo evela kufayela lomuntu siqu-Isithasiselo 5
Ukwenza umndeni wokutholwa
Uma usanquma ukwenza ngokusemthethweni umndeni wokutholwa, lapho-ke kuzodingeka ubuyele kochwepheshe beziphathimandla zokugada nokugada futhi, bese wenza isivumelwano esifanele. Inkontileka yenziwa zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 kusukela osukwini oqokwe ngalo njengomnakekeli futhi kufanele ihlinzeke ngoku:
1. imininingwane ephathelene nengane noma izingane ezidluliselwe ekunakekelweni ngabantu abangabodwa (igama, iminyaka, isimo sempilo, ukukhula ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo);
2. isikhathi senkontileka (isb. Isikhathi ingane ebekwa ngaso emndenini onganakekelwa);
3. imibandela yesondlo, ukukhuliswa kanye nokufundiswa kwengane noma izingane;
4. amalungelo nezibopho zabazali abangabondli;
5. amalungelo nezibopho maqondana nabazali abangabanakekeli besiphathimandla sokugada nokuqapha;
6. izizathu kanye nemiphumela yokuqedwa kwalesi sivumelwano.
Ngokushesha nje lapho inkontileka isayiniwe, ilungelo lokugcina izingane liphendulwa libe ukugcinwa okukhokhelwayo. Futhi manje, hhayi isitifiketi somnakekeli, kepha umyalo wokwakha umndeni onganakekeli uzoba yincwadi enkulu ethi ungummeli wezomthetho wengane.
Ehhovisi lezokuphatha nokugada, kuzofanela ubhale esinye isicelo-sokukhokha imali yenyanga. Njengomthetho, ilingana nosayizi weholo eliphansi esifundeni. Uma kucacisiwe enkontilekeni, ungakhokhelwa nomholo ovela emalini etholakala empahleni yengane, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kuka-5% wemali engenayo ngesikhathi sokubika lapho umzali wokutholwa elawula le mpahla.
Inkontileka ingaphothulwa kokubili maqondana nengane eyodwa futhi maqondana nezingane eziningana. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi uma kwenzeka kuguquka ukubhaliswa lapho kuhlala khona ingane, inkontileka iyanqanyulwa bese kwenziwa enye entsha.
Ekulungiseleleni imali esetshenzisiwe isabelo sedatha "Uhlaka lwezenhlalo nezomthetho lokubekwa kwezingane ezishiywe ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwabazali emfundweni esekwe emndenini" (Family GV, Golovanov AI, Zueva NL, Zaitseva NG), elungiselelwe ngosizo loMnyango yemfundo nesayensi yeRussian Federation kanye neSikhungo sokuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi wezenhlalo futhi kucatshangelwa Umthetho wesifundazwe njengo ka-Okthoba 1, 2013.