Indlela yokuqinisa isignali yokuxhumana kwamaselula kanye ne-Inthanethi ezweni
Amadolobha Ezwe Lethu namuhla acishe ambozwe ngokuphelele yinethiwekhi yokuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini. Nokho, zikhona izindawo lapho kusebenza kabi kakhulu. Ziningi izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana, kodwa yiziphi ezisebenzayo ngempela?

Kunzima ukucabanga iqiniso lethu ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi kwamaselula. Kodwa izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni, eziza ezweni, zivame ukuhlangana nesignali ebuthakathaka. Kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu, kodwa isibonakaliso esibuthakathaka akuwona umusho, kunezindlela eziningi zokusiqinisa.

I-booster yesignali yeselula: ukuthi iyini nokuthi isebenza kanjani

Lapho amandla esiginali yokuxhumana kwamaselula enganele, kuyadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe izindlela ezengeziwe ukuyikhulisa. Isiginali etholwe i-antenna iyakhuliswa futhi isatshalaliswe phezu kwezinti zangaphakathi, zithola isignali kumadivayisi eselula asendaweni yokumboza, ziyibuyisele ku-repeater, futhi ngemva kokukhulisa, idlulisela isignali embhoshongweni oyisisekelo. Ngokombono, konke kubonakala kulula, kodwa kunama-nuances amaningi anquma ukukhetha kwemishini, ukufakwa kwayo nokucushwa.  

Ukukhetha komhleli
I-boost yeselula evela ku-Mos-GSM
E-Moscow kanye nesifunda ngosuku olungu-1
Ukuxhumana kwekhwalithi ephezulu kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi uzosindisa amangqamuzana ezinzwa, futhi amakhasimende akho ngeke aye kubancintisana nabo
Thola i-quoteZonke izinzuzo

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokukhulumisana kwamaselula okusezingeni eliphansi

Ukuxhumana akupheli ngempela ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma ezindaweni ezikude, isignali iba buthaka kakhulu ezakhiweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, ama-workshops nama-hangars anezindonga zensimbi, izakhiwo zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe, emigwaqweni emincane emazombezombe lapho izakhiwo zivala iziteshi eziseduze eziyisisekelo. Ngezinye izikhathi isizathu sisobala, isibonelo, uphahla lwendlu eyenziwe ngensimbi.

Kodwa ngokuvamile, imizamo ekhethekile iyadingeka ukuze kunqunywe imingcele yesignali futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuyithuthukisa. Futhi ayidingi amadivaysi ayinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, umsebenzi onjalo usuvele wakhelwe ku-iOS; uhlelo olukhethekile lokuqapha amanethiwekhi e-GSM / 3G / 4G kufanele afakwe ku-smartphone ye-Android. Imingcele elinganisiwe izokutshela indlela eya kumbhoshongo wokuxhumana oyisisekelo, imingcele yezimpawu ezitholiwe kanye nokwenzeka kokukhulisa kwazo.

Izinkomba zekhwalithi yesignali yeselula1

Yiziphi izinto ezidingekayo ukuze kukhuliswe isignali

Kunezinketho ezimbalwa zokuhlela i-amplifying complex yesignali yeselula ezweni.

Ama-Amplifaya emodemu

Lawa madivayisi aklanyelwe ukukhulisa izinga lesignali yokuxhumana kwamaselula ngaphakathi endlini. I-amplifier enjalo ingase ibe namabhulokhi amabili. Iyunithi yokwamukela ibekwe endaweni lapho ukwamukela kuqiniseka khona, futhi iyunithi yokusabalalisa yilapho amadivaysi eselula atholakala khona. Lolu cingo lukhulisa isignali ye-inthanethi, kodwa lungasetshenziswa futhi ukushintshanisa imiyalezo yezwi ngemiyalezo esheshayo.

I-Mos-GSM ihamba phambili ekuqiniseni ukuxhumana
Ukuthenga amadivaysi e-amplification ashibhile akukwazi nje ukuholela emiphumeleni ye-zero, kodwa futhi nezinkinga neziphathimandla zokulawula. Futhi ukukhulumisana okufika ngesikhathi kwezinga eliphezulu kungasindisa ngisho nokuphila komuntu.
Funda kabanzi
Ukukhetha komhleli

Amarutha anezimpondo

Amarutha anezimpondo zangaphandle adinga i-SIM khadi yawo. Amadivayisi anama-antenna e-MIMO asebenza ngamasignali e-polarization asebenza kahle kakhulu. I-antenna ixhunywe kusixhumi ku-router case ngekhebula le-coaxial, ukusatshalaliswa ngaphakathi endlini kwenziwa nge-Wi-Fi.

Abaphindaphindayo

Amadivayisi okukhulisa isignali eyamukelwe nedluliswayo kubhendi eyodwa noma amaningi wokuxhumana kweselula. Qiniseka ukuthi uxhuma uthi olungaphandle nolwangaphakathi. Wonke kumele agunyazwe Ezweni Lethu futhi abe nesistimu yokulawula izinga lesignali ezenzakalelayo. Uma kungenjalo, ungaphazamisa inethiwekhi yeselula bese uhlawuliswa.

I-Antennas

Ama-antenna angaphandle angagxila kancane kumbhoshongo oyisisekelo futhi akhelwe isignali yomsebenzisi othile. Noma kudingekile ukukhulisa isignali ebuthakathaka yamazinga amaningana okuxhumana, khona-ke udinga i-antenna esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-MIMO, okungukuthi, ibona futhi idlulise amazinga ahlukene namaza amaselula we-polarizations ehlukene. Le mishini ehlukahlukene isebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ibuyisela ukuxhumana ebangeni elingafika ku-20 km ukusuka kumbhoshongo oyisisekelo.

Izimpahla zemishini

Uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe kuphela okwazi ukukhetha ngokuzimela isethi yezingxenye zokuqinisekisa i-cottage yasehlobo enokwamukela ngokuqiniseka kokuxhumana kwamaselula kanye ne-intanethi. Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa amakhithi enziwe ngomumo anikezwa izitolo eziningi ze-inthanethi zabakhiqizi bemishini enjalo.

Uzixhuma kanjani imishini yokukhulisa isignali yeselula

Umkhiqizi ngamunye uhlinzeka ngemishini yeselula yokukhulisa isignali enemininingwane yokufaka nemiyalelo yokuxhuma. Zingase zehluke ngemininingwane, kodwa zifaka phakathi amaphuzu alandelayo:

  • Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma isiqondiso namandla esignali yeselula. Ithuba lokuqapha okunjalo selivele lakhiwe ku-iPhone OS, abanikazi be-smartphone ku-Android OS kuzodingeka bafake uhlelo ku-Google Play.
  • Ukufaka i-antenna, indawo ephakeme kakhulu ophahleni lwendlu ikhethiwe. Ngokuvamile, izinsimbi zenzelwe ipayipi. Kungaba insika noma ubakaki L odongeni.
  • Indawo yokufaka i-repeater ngaphakathi kwendlu ikhethiwe futhi umzila wekhebula umakwe ukuze uxhume i-antenna ku-amplifier. Igumbi kufanele lihlangabezane nezicaciso zezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama. Le datha kanye nobude bekhebula obufanele kufanele bucaciswe emiyalweni yokufaka.
  • Ikhebula libekwe eceleni komzila omakiwe, isixhumi sangaphandle sixhunywe ku-antenna, isixhumi sangaphakathi sixhunywe kusixhumi se-amplifier efakwe odongeni. Ikhebula akufanele libe nokugoba okucijile ukugwema ukulimala. Isixhumi sangaphandle sivalwe ngokuncipha kokushisa,
  • I-repeater igxunyekwe kude nemishini yokushisisa. Kufanele kusekelwe phansi.
  • Kungenzeka ukuxhuma izimpondo ezimbalwa zangaphakathi ngokusebenzisa isihlukanisi sesignali.
  • Ukunqamula uthi olungaphandle ngenkathi i-amplifier isebenza kungayilimaza.
  • Ngemva kokuxhuma i-amplifier kunethiwekhi, qiniseka ukuthi inkomba ye-alamu ayikhanyi ngokubomvu. Lesi isignali yokuthi i-amplifier ijabule ngokweqile futhi ingase iphazamise ukusebenza kombhoshongo weseli eyisisekelo. Izinga lesignali kufanele lincishiswe ngokulungiswa ngesandla, ngaphandle kwalokho abahloli bazovela ngokushesha futhi babeke inhlawulo enzima.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Uphendulwe imibuzo evela kubafundi be-KPI-CEO ye-Mos-GSM u-Andrey Kontorin kanye nochwepheshe we-hypermarket ye-inthanethi "VseInstrumenty.ru" uMaxim Sokolov.

Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa okokusebenza okuvela ezitolo ze-inthanethi zaseShayina ukuze ngikhulise isignali?

U-Andrey Kontorin:

“Akuvinjwe ukuthengwa okunjalo. Into yokuqala eheha umthengi kumadivayisi akhulisayo ezitolo ze-inthanethi zaseChina yinani eliphansi. Kodwa intengo ephansi ayiyona ikhwalithi enhle ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngingaze ngisho ngithi cishe ngeke. Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu ethenga abaphindayo ezitolo ze-inthanethi zaseShayina, khona-ke ngamathuba angama-90% uzoba nezinkinga ngesignali. 

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kuphakamisa ukuthi iziphindaphinda ezifanayo ngaphandle zingenziwa emafekthri ahlukene anezingxenye ezihlukene: othile usebenzisa izinto ezivamile, omunye mubi ngokungananazi. Izingxenye ezishibhile zenza intengo ikhange kumthengi. Kodwa abantu, benqotshwa isilingo sentengo ephansi, bathola i-hum, umsindo, isidingo esiqhubekayo sokuqalisa kabusha idivayisi, ukuvutha njalo izinsiza zamandla, njll. Ngokuvamile amadivaysi anjalo ahluleka phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha. 

UMaxim Sokolov:

“Abaphindayo baseShayina bakhethwa ngoba ishibhile, banenzuzo enkulu futhi basebenza kakhulu. Kodwa ukuzuza okunjalo, ngomqondo othile, kuwulotho. Intengo ephansi ibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwesibili kwezingxenye kanye nokuntuleka kokuvalwa kokulayishwa kwe-overload, i-loopback kanye nokulawula ukuzuza okuzenzakalelayo kumasekhethi amaningi. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukuphazamiseka esiteshini futhi umsebenzisi angafaka isicelo enkantolo ukuze athole inhlawulo. Futhi ingafinyelela izinkulungwane eziningi zama-ruble uma ophindayo engaqinisekisiwe Ezweni Lethu, futhi amamodeli amaningi aseShayina awanazo izitifiketi.

Ingabe kunengqondo ukukhulisa isignali ye-3G?

U-Andrey Kontorin: 

“Yebo kunjalo. Uma sikhuluma nge-Inthanethi, bese usebenzisa i-3G ungathola isivinini kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-30 ​​megabits ngomzuzwana. Azikho futhi izithiyo ekuxhumaneni ngezwi. Kodwa udinga ukwenza lokhu kuphela uma ingekho isignali yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-4G. Uma ukhetha phakathi kokuthuthukisa isignali ye-4G ebuthakathaka noma isignali enhle ye-3G, kunenzuzo enkulu ukukhulisa isignali ye-3G ezinzile.”

Yini enenzuzo eyengeziwe: i-booster yesignali yeselula noma uxhumano lwesathelayithi?

UMaxim Sokolov:

“Ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi kubiza kakhulu. Izindleko ziqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngenyanga, kanye nezindleko zemishini ziphezulu. Ngakho-ke ukuqinisa isignali yamaselula ezweni kunenzuzo enkulu.

U-Andrey Kontorin:

“Ikhithi yokukhulisa ukuxhumana kwamaselula iyathengwa futhi ifakwe kanye, kodwa ayikho imali yokubhalisa. Okusho ukuthi, "imishini engasebenzi", ayidingi ukutshalwa kwezimali okuvamile.

Ingabe i-antenna kufanele ifakwe kuphi ukuze kukhulise isignali?

U-Andrey Kontorin:

"Uma sikhuluma ngothi lwangaphandle oluthola isignali, khona-ke isaga esithi "Lokho okuhlwanyelayo, ngakho ukuvuna" kufanelekile lapha. Ngokusobala, kufanele ifakwe endaweni yokwamukela abaqiniseka kakhulu. Ungakwazi ukubala le ndawo usebenzisa i-analyzer ekhethekile, noma, okubi kakhulu, usebenzisa ifoni. Kungcono ukukhweza uthi endaweni ephakeme kakhulu.

Ukufakwa kahle kwe-antenna yangaphandle kuyisiqinisekiso sokusebenza kwezinga eliphezulu kwalo lonke uhlelo. Uma sifaka i-antenna yangaphandle endaweni lapho isignali impofu khona, khona-ke sizothola isignali enjalo ngaphakathi kwegumbi.

Ukufakwa kwezinti zangaphakathi kumele kukhulunywe ngakho ngokuzibophezela. Uma sifaka uthi olulodwa, akumele kube khona ubunzima. Kodwa uma into inamakamelo amaningi nophahla, khona-ke ukubala kochwepheshe kuyadingeka lapha. Yebo, ungakwazi ukufaka uthi ekamelweni ngalinye, noma ungafaka izimpondo ezimbalwa, kodwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ikhwalithi yesignali, uma ubala ukufakwa kwazo ngokomsebenzi.

Iyini i-loopback yesiginali?

U-Andrey Kontorin:

“Isistimu kufanele ifakwe ngendlela yokuthi kungabikho “i-loopback” yesiginali. Kudingekile ukubeka izimpondo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle okungenani ngamamitha angu-15 ngokuhlukana, ugweme ukuqondiswa kwazo komunye nomunye, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kube nodonga olukhonkolo noma lwezitini phakathi kwabo. 

Iyini i-loopback yesiginali? Ake sithi sifake zonke izinto zokusebenza, sivula i-amplifier, enikeza amandla ku-antenna yangaphakathi, futhi i-antenna yangaphakathi iqala ukukhipha isignali. Uma lesi siginali "ixhunywe" yi-antenna yangaphandle, "i-loopback" izokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, isignali izojikeleza embuthanweni - amafoni namanye amadivaysi okuxhumana azobonisa zonke izigaba ezinkomba zesignali, kodwa ngeke zisebenze. 

  1. https://www.4g.kiev.ua/blog/usilenie-signala-mobilnoi-sviazi-2g-3g-4g-lte

shiya impendulo