Ungayiboleka Kanjani Indlu Futhi Uthole Imali Ngo-2022

Izinhlelo zemalimboleko ezivikelwe yindlu ngo-2022 zivamile futhi zitholakala cishe kuwo wonke amabhange. Ingqikithi yabo iwukuthi isikhungo sezikweletu sikhiphela ikhasimende imali, futhi yamukele impahla yalo njengesibambiso kuze kube isikhokha ngokugcwele isikweletu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungahlala endlini, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuyithengisa noma ukuyishintsha kuze kube yilapho ibhange lisusa umthwalo. Sikutshela indlela yokuboleka indlu kanye nesiteji sesivumelwano isinyathelo ngesinyathelo - kusukela kuma-nuances wenqubo kuya ekutholeni imali. 

Amaphuzu abalulekile mayelana nokubambisa ikhaya 

Izidingo zendlu yokubolekwa kwempahla

Ibhange ngalinye linezidingo zalo zesibambiso. Abanye bakulungele ukwamukela amafulethi kuphela. Abanye bacabangela amasheya ezindaweni zokuhlala, amakamelo okulala, izindlu, izindlu zasemadolobheni, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezindlu zasehlobo namagaraji. Izidingo zento zizoncika ohlotsheni lwayo.  

House

Ngokuvamile, amabhange adinga ukuba umsebenzi wokwakha uqedwe ngokugcwele, futhi isakhiwo silungele ukuhlala. Kwesinye isikhathi ukwakhiwa okuqhubekayo kungagunyazwa njengesibambiso uma ukuxhumana sekuvele kwenziwa kuwo futhi kukhona iphrojekthi. Kulokhu, ukuba khona kwegesi akudingekile. Isakhiwo ngokwaso kufanele sibhalwe njengesakhiwo sokuhlala. Futhi, amanye amabhange azimisele ukucabangela “isakhiwo sokuhlala esingenalo ilungelo lokubhalisa indawo yokuhlala.” 

Uma indlu iyipulangwe, amanye amabhange azoyithatha njengesibambiso kuphela ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi isakhiwo singemdala kuno-1985. Kwamanye amabhange - angabi ngaphezu kuka-2000. Ezindlini ezakhiwe ngezinye izinto, azikho izidingo eziqinile zonyaka. wokwakha. 

Izinga lokugqoka libalulekile. Ezindlini zokhuni, akufanele zidlule ku-40%, futhi inani elilinganiselwe lezindlu ezenziwe ngezinye izinto zingama-50%. Kunezidingo zesisekelo sesakhiwo. Kumele iqine futhi yenziwe ngokhonkolo, isitini noma itshe. Ukubeka indlu emi phezu kwesisekelo senqwaba ngeke kusebenze emabhange amaningi. 

Isikhungo sezezimali siphinde sibheke indawo yesakhiwo. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kufanele kube indawo yokuhlala lapho, ngaphezu kwendlu ebolekiwe, kukhona okungenani izakhiwo ezintathu zokuhlala. Ukwengeza, ukuze uboleke indlu ngo-2022, kufanele ibe nokufinyelela unyaka wonke, kanye nesistimu yokuthuthwa kwendle unomphela, ugesi ovela enkampanini yamandla, ukushisa, amanzi, indlu yangasese kanye nendlu yokugezela. 

Idolobha lasekhaya

Ingxenye engayodwa yesakhiwo sokuhlala izothathwa njengesibambiso uma inomnyango ohlukile, ikheli layo leposi kanye nodonga oluvamile olunebhulokhi elingumakhelwane lapho kungekho mnyango. Ngokwamaphepha, indawo kufanele ibhaliswe njengento eyodwa. Izinketho eziningi zokuklama zingenzeka:

• ingxenye yesakhiwo sokuhlala;
• indlu yokwakha amabhulokhi;
• ingxenye yebhulokhi;
• ingxenye yesakhiwo sokuhlala esihlukaniswe kancane;
• ifulethi;
• izindawo zokuhlala;
• ingxenye yendawo yokuhlala.

Izidingo ezigcwele zebhange elithile lapho uhlela ukuboleka khona zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi yalo esemthethweni. Futhi, lolu lwazi lungatholwa kumphathi webhange noma uchwepheshe wesevisi yokusekela ngocingo noma ngengxoxo. 

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, cishe, ngeke bathathe impahla njengesibambiso esesivele sithwele kanzima noma esesiyingxenye yezindlu ezigugile noma ezigugile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhange lingase lenqabe uma abanikazi bendlu benza ukuthuthukiswa kabusha futhi abazange bakugunyaze ngokusemthethweni. Uma licubungula into yesibambiso, ibhange libhekisisa izakhiwo ezingase zidilizwe eminyakeni ezayo. Okokuqala nje iphathelene nezakhiwo zamapulangwe. 

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukucatshangelwa ukuthi ibhange, ngaphambi kokukhipha imali ebolekiwe, lingaxhumana nomhloli wezincwadi ochwepheshe. Uma uchwepheshe enikeza umbono omuhle ngesimo sento, izinga lokuguga kwayo, futhi ingafaki isidingo sokulungiswa kanye nesimo esiphuthumayo esingenzeka, into izovunyelwa ukuba ibe yisibambiso. Kodwa-ke, umboleki ukhokhela izinsizakalo zomhloli, futhi le mali kufanele ibekelwe isabelomali kusenesikhathi.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo yokuboleka indlu

Ukuboleka indlu kanye nokuthola imali kunzima kakhulu kunokuthatha imali ebolekiwe yomthengi. Kuzodingeka eminye imibhalo futhi inqubo izothatha isikhathi eside. Yiziphi izinyathelo okumele umboleki adlule kuzo?

1. Faka isicelo semali mboleko evikelekile kuwebhusayithi yebhange noma egatsheni lalo.
2. Ngokuvakashela ibhange ngokuqondile - thola ulwazi olukucacisayo oluvela kuchwepheshe, ngesicelo se-inthanethi - linda ucingo lomphathi futhi uthole uhlu lwamadokhumenti. Izimfuneko zento kufanele futhi zicaciswe. 
3. Thumela amadokhumenti ebhange ngokwakho noma ku-inthanethi. Lapha kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza konke ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba amanye amadokhumenti anesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokuqinisekisa. Isibonelo, okukhishwe ku-USRN kuzolunga ngaphambi kwezinsuku eziyi-7 kusukela ngedethi ye-oda lakho. Uma ufake isicelo sekwephuzile, futhi i-Rosreestr ibambezela ukukhishwa, khona-ke isitifiketi semali engenayo noma ikhophi yesitifiketi somsebenzi singase singavumelekile (isikhathi sabo sokuqinisekisa siyizinsuku ezingama-30 kuphela).
4. Linda isinqumo sebhange ngesibambiso nesikweletu. Uma zivunyiwe, sayina isivumelwano semalimboleko bese uphothula isivumelwano. 
5. Ukukhipha isibambiso esakhiweni esise-USRN, ukubeka umthwalo kuso. Kwamanye amabhange, lesi sinyathelo singeqiwa, njengoba bebhalisa ngokuzimela ukuthengiselana nge-Rosreestr. Kwezinye izikhungo zezikweletu, uzodinga ukuthi uze e-Rosreestr noma ku-MFC kanye nesisebenzi sasebhange.
6. Linda kuze kube yilapho i-Rosreestr icubungula isicelo futhi ibuyisela imibhalo, ibeka uphawu kumphumela kuwo. Lezi zincwadi kufanele ziyiswe ebhange.
7. Linda kuze kube yilapho ibhange lihlola imibhalo ethunyelwe, bese likhipha imali mboleko.

Kuye ngemibandela yenkontileka, imali izofakwa ku-akhawunti eshiwo kusengaphambili, noma umphathi webhange uzoshayela futhi akumemele ehhovisi. 

Ukuhlelwa Kwemibhalo

Mayelana nemibhalo, isikhungo ngasinye sizoba nohlu lwaso, okumele lucaciswe kusenesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, amadokhumenti alandelayo adingeka kakhulu:

• the passport of the citizen of the Federation;
• imibhalo eqinisekisa ubunikazi bezindlu ezithengiswayo (okukhishwe ku-USRN nomnikazi okhonjiswe kuyo noma isitifiketi sokubhaliswa);

Amadokhumenti alandelayo nawo angacelwa:

• isitatimende semali engenayo;
• ikhophi eqinisekisiwe yencwadi yomsebenzi;
• I-SNILS;
• ipasipoti yomhlaba wonke;
• ilayisense yomshayeli;
• isivumelwano somshado, uma sikhona;
• umbiko wekhomishana yokuhlolwa kwezakhiwo;
• imvume eqinisekisiwe yomlingani womshado esibambiso sendawo ethengiswayo, ephethwe ngokuhlanganyela.

Ikuphi indawo engcono kakhulu yokuboleka indlu?

Ungakwazi ukuboleka indlu hhayi emabhange kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izikhungo zezezimali. Cabangela izimo zabo ukuze uthole ukuthi kunenzuzo kuphi ukuboleka izindlu nomhlaba.

Amabhange

Lapho ecubungula isicelo sokubolekwa imali, amabhange anaka isibambiso kuphela ngemva kokuhlola i-solvency yeklayenti. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi umboleki ahlangabezane nezidingo, futhi imali yakhe engenayo ayikho ngaphansi kunalokho okunconywa yibhange. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlanganisa okungenakuphikwa kokuboleka ebhange wukungafihli kokwenziwayo. Ngemuva kokuthi inkontileka isayinwe, inkokhelo ngeke ikhule, futhi akufanele kube namakhomishana engeziwe noma ukucishwa. 

Amazinga emalimboleko ebhange aphakathi kwamanani aphansi kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa nezinye izikhungo zezezimali. Ngokwesilinganiso, zisuka ku-7 ziye ku-15% ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umboleki eyeka ukukhokha, amabhange azoqoqa isikweletu kuphela ngokuhambisana nomthetho. 

Kodwa-ke, kuphinde kube nokubi ngokufaka isicelo semali mboleko evikelekile ebhange. Okokuqala nje, isikhungo sezikweletu senza isinqumo esisekelwe emlandweni wesikweletu womboleki. Uma sonakalisiwe noma singekho nhlobo, isicelo singase singavunywa. Ukuqinisekiswa kwento yesibambiso kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe uma kufakwa isicelo. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuthatha cishe isonto kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhambisa isicelo kanye nephakheji eliphelele lamadokhumenti ukuze uthole umphumela wokucatshangelwa. Kodwa umboleki akakayitholi imali okwamanje. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka kuphela lapho ephothula ukugcinwa kwempahla futhi ehambisa imibhalo efanele ebhange. 

Kuzophinde kuthathe isikhathi ukuhlola into ngenhlangano yokuhlola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umboleki ukhokhela insizakalo, futhi lokhu kungama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-5-10. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela umshwalense oyisibopho wento emabhange amaningi. Ngezinye izikhathi ungayenqaba, kodwa-ke izinga lenzalo lizokhula ngamaphuzu angu-1-2. Izindleko zomshuwalense zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-6-10 ngonyaka. 

Abatshalizimali abazimele

Ngokungafani namabhange, ababolekisi abazimele banaka kakhulu i-liquidity yesibambiso. I-solvency yeklayenti ifiphala ngemuva, nakuba ingacishiwe ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukuboleka indlu futhi uthole imali, kodwa ebiza kakhulu. Igama lokucutshungulwa kwesicelo "ngabadayisi bangasese" lifushane, ngokuvamile isinqumo sizomenyezelwa ngosuku lokufaka isicelo noma olulandelayo. Isilinganiso senzalo silinganiselwa ku-7% ngenyanga, okungukuthi, sifinyelela ku-84% ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, ukuthatha isamba esikhulu isikhathi eside akukona nje inzuzo. Isibonelo, uma uthatha ama-ruble ayizigidi ezi-3 iminyaka emi-3 ngenani lenzalo lika-5% ngenyanga, ukukhokhwa ngokweqile kwaso sonke isikhathi kuzoba ngaphezu kwama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-3,5. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi abatshalizimali abaningi abazimele bangena kwinkontileka yonyaka ongu-1. Ngokweqile, ngonyaka inganwetshwa, kodwa akekho oqinisekisa ukuthi izimo ngeke zishintshe zibe zimbi kakhulu esikhathini esizayo. 

Ama-MFIs

Ngokomthetho wamanje, izinhlangano zezikweletu ezincane kanye nezezimali ezincane azikwazi ukukhipha imali mboleko evikelwe ukuphepha, uma kuyindawo yokuhlala yabantu. Kodwa-ke, bangakhipha imali evikelwe yizindawo ezithengiswayo. 

Njengasendabeni yababolekisi abazimele, lapho behlola isicelo, ama-MFI awanaki kakhulu umlando wesikweletu kanye ne-solvency yomboleki, kodwa ekuthengeni kwento ebolekiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isicelo ngokwalo sizocatshangelwa ngokushesha, ngezinye izikhathi phakathi namahora ambalwa. Nokho, izinga lenzalo nalo ngeke libe lincane - lifike ku-50% ngonyaka. Kunoma yikuphi, ngaphambi kokuba usayine amadokhumenti emali mboleko kanye nesibambiso, kufanele uwafunde ngokucophelela. Hhayi-ke, uma kukhona ithuba lokubonisa ummeli. Ngale ndlela, ingozi ingancishiswa kakhulu esikhathini esizayo. 

I-PDA

Ama-CPC ama cooperatives abathengi bezikweletu. Ingqikithi yale nhlangano ukuthi abanikazi bamasheya bayijoyine - kokubili abantu ngabanye kanye nezinhlangano ezisemthethweni. Benza iminikelo yesikhathi esisodwa noma ngezikhathi ezithile. Futhi, uma kunesidingo, bangathatha imali mboleko, futhi kancane kancane bayikhokhe, becabangela inzalo. Uma umuntu engelona ilungu le-CCP, akakwazi ukuboleka imali lapho. Imisebenzi yezinhlangano ezinjalo ilawulwa ngumthetho. Uma kwenziwa isinqumo sokujoyina i-CCP, kufanelekile ukuqiniseka ukuthi ithembekile. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokubheka ubulungu be co-op ku-SRO. Ulwazi mayelana nokuba senhlangano ethile ezilawulayo kufanele ikhonjiswe kuwebhusayithi ye-CPC. 

Izinzuzo zale ndlela yukuthi ukucutshungulwa kwesicelo akuthathi isikhathi esiningi, futhi imali ingakhishwa ngaphandle kokulinda kuze kube yilapho ukufakwa kwe-encumbrance kubekwe endaweni. Amazinga enzalo ngokuvamile aphansi kunezinye izikhungo zezezimali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani elikhulu ngokwanele linganikezwa ngesikweletu, futhi ngesikhathi sokwenza isinqumo, ukuba khona kwemali engenayo eqinisekisiwe yomboleki kanye nomlando wakhe wesikweletu awucatshangelwa. 

Kuyoba inzuzo enkulu ukuthola imali ebolekiwe evikelwe yikhaya eliku-KPC, kodwa kuphela uma usuvele uyilungu noma unesikhathi sokuba yilo, bese ufaka isicelo. Uma kungenjalo, kungcono ukuthintana nebhange.

Imibandela yokubolekwa kwezindlu

Ukukhokhwa kwemali mboleko eyatholwa ngendawo yokuhlala kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo ncamashi nokukhokhwa kwemali mboleko yomthengi. Lezi kungaba yimali eyimpesheni noma izinkokhelo ezihlukene. Okungukuthi, okufanayo kuyo yonke inkathi yemali mboleko noma enciphayo phakathi nesikhathi sokukhokha. 

Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula mayelana nomshuwalense wangempela oyisibopho wento yokubambisa. Amanye amabhange adinga umshwalense wempilo nempilo kumboleki. Ngezinye izikhathi ungakwazi ukwenqaba wonke umshwalense, kodwa-ke ibhange lizokhuphula inzalo ngo-1-5%. 

Kudingekile futhi ukucabangela ukuthi ngemva kokufakwa kwe-encumbrance endlini, umnikazi ngeke akwazi ukukulahla ngokugcwele. Okusho ukuthi, ngeke kwenzeke ukunikeza indawo ethengiswayo, ukuthengisa, ukushintshanisa noma ukunikeza esinye isibambiso. 

Okokuqala, kufanele uxhumane nebhange lapho uthola khona iholo lakho. Kulokhu, imibhalo embalwa izodingeka, ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe inzalo izoncishiswa ngo-0,5-2%. 

Umboleki angalindela malini? Lokhu kuvame ukuba yingxenyana kuphela yenani lendawo eyakalwa ngayo. Ebhange ngalinye, le ngxenye izohluka futhi izoba kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-80%. Okusho ukuthi, uma indlu ilinganiselwa kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-5, izoboleka imali kusuka ku-2,5 kuya ku-4 million ruble. 

Ukuxhasa ngezimali kabusha izikweletu eziqinisekisiwe kunzima, njengoba ambalwa amabhange azofuna ukubhekana nenqubo yokukhishwa kabusha kwesibambiso. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe lapho kukhethwa isikhungo isicelo esizothunyelwa kuso. 

Kubalulekile nokugwema izinhlelo zokukhwabanisa uma uthatha isinqumo sokufaka isicelo sokubolekwa imali ngaphandle kwebhange. Isibonelo, esikhundleni sesivumelwano semalimboleko, umboleki anganikezwa isivumelwano somnikelo noma isivumelwano sokuthengisa nokuthenga ukuze asayine. Bayokuchaza ngale ndlela: ngemva kokuba umboleki ekhokhe isikweletu ngokugcwele, lokhu kuthengiselana kuzokhanselwa. Kodwa-ke, uma umboleki esayina isivumelwano esinjalo, kuzosho ukudluliselwa okuphelele nokuzithandela kwamalungelo abo ngendawo yokuhlala. 

Ukuze unciphise ubungozi, kufanele uxhumane nezinhlangano ezinkulu namabhange aziwayo. Kuyalulekwa futhi ukukhombisa isivumelwano semalimboleko kummeli ukuze akwazi ukuhlola ukuthi sisemthethweni yini.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Ochwepheshe baphendule imibuzo evame kakhulu evela kubafundi: U-Alexandra Medvedeva, ummeli we-Moscow Bar Association и USvetlana Kireeva, inhloko yehhovisi le-ejensi yezindlu nezindlu i-MIEL.

Imithombo ye

1. https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_19396/36a6e71464db9e35a759ad84fc765d6e5a03a90a/