Indlela yokukhetha isikole futhi ungalenzi iphutha: 6 izindlela ezintsha

Sizikhethela kanjani izingane zethu isikole? Umgomo oyinhloko wabazali abaningi ukuthi bafundisa kahle yini lapho, ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi ingane izothola ulwazi olungakanani oluzomvumela ukuba aphumelele ukuhlolwa futhi angene enyuvesi. Abaningi bethu, ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu, babheka ukutadisha njengento eboshiwe futhi abalindeli ngisho nokuthi ingane izoya esikoleni ngenjabulo.

Kungenzeka yini ukuzuza ulwazi olusha ngaphandle kokucindezeleka nezinzwa? Ngokumangalisayo, yebo! Kunezikole lapho abafundi beya khona njalo ekuseni ngaphandle kokutshelwa futhi lapho bengajahile ukuphuma kusihlwa. Yini engabakhuthaza? Umbono wothisha abahlanu abavela emadolobheni ahlukene aseRussia.

1. Bayeke bakhulume

Ingane ijabula nini? Lapho bexhumana naye njengomuntu, kubonakala sengathi “Mina” wakhe,” kusho uNatalya Alekseeva, umqondisi “weSikole Samahhala” edolobheni laseZhukovsky, esisebenza ngokwendlela yaseWaldorf. Izingane eziza esikoleni sakhe zivela kwamanye amazwe ziyamangala: ngokokuqala ngqá othisha bayabalalela futhi bayawazisa umbono wabo. Ngenhlonipho efanayo, baphatha abafundi e-lyceum "Ark-XXI" eduze kwaseMoscow.

Ababeki imithetho yokuziphatha esele yenziwe - izingane nothisha bayayithuthukisa ndawonye. Lona umqondo womsunguli we-pedagogy yesikhungo, uFernand Ury: wathi umuntu kwakheka inqubo yokuxoxa ngemithetho nemithetho yokuphila kwethu.

"Izingane azizithandi izinto ezingokomthetho, imiyalo, izincazelo," kusho umqondisi we-lyceum, uRustam Kurbatov. “Kodwa bayaqonda ukuthi imithetho iyadingeka, bayayihlonipha futhi bakulungele ukuxoxa ngayo ngomdlandla, bebheka kuze kube sekugcineni. Isibonelo, sichithe unyaka sixazulula umbuzo wokuthi abazali babizwe nini esikoleni. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ekugcineni, othisha bavotela ukukhetha okunenkululeko eyengeziwe, futhi izingane zakhetha eqinile.”

Abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme baze bamenywe emihlanganweni yabazali nothisha, ngoba intsha “ayikwazi ukukumela ukunqunywa okuthile ngemva kwayo.” Uma sifuna basethembe, inkhulumomphendvulwano ibalulekile. Inkululeko yokuzikhethela ibaluleke kakhulu. Imfundo ngaphandle kwenkululeko ngokuvamile ayinakwenzeka. Futhi esikoleni sasePerm "Tochka" ingane inikezwa ilungelo lokukhetha umsebenzi wayo wokudala.

Lesi ukuphela kwesikole eRussia lapho, ngaphezu kwemfundo evamile, ikharikhulamu ihlanganisa imfundo yokuklama. Abaklami abangochwepheshe banikela ngamaphrojekthi angaba ngu-30 ekilasini, futhi umfundi ngamunye angakhetha kokubili umeluleki angathanda ukusebenza naye kanye nebhizinisi okuthakaselayo ukuzama. Idizayini yezimboni nezithombe, ukwakhiwa kwewebhu, i-blacksmithing, izitsha zobumba - izinketho ziningi.

Kodwa, ngemva kokuthatha isinqumo, umfundi uzibophezela ukutadisha workshop umeluleki izinyanga eziyisithupha, bese uhambisa umsebenzi wokugcina. Umuntu othile uyakuthanda, eqhubeka nokufunda ngokuqhubekayo kulokhu, othile unesithakazelo esikhulu sokuzama ibhizinisi elisha ngokuphindaphindiwe.

2. Yiba qotho kubo

Awekho amazwi amahle asebenzayo uma izingane zibona ukuthi uthisha ngokwakhe akakulandeli lokho akushoyo. Yingakho uthisha wezincwadi uMikhail Belkin waseVolgograd Lyceum «Umholi» ukholelwa ukuthi akuyena umfundi, kodwa uthisha kufanele abekwe esikhungweni sesikole: «Esikoleni esihle, umbono womqondisi awukwazi ukuba yedwa futhi ongenakuphikwa, »kusho uMikhail Belkin. - Uma uthisha ezizwa engakhululekile, esaba iziphathimandla, ukuhlazeka, khona-ke ingane iyangabaza ngaye. Ngakho-ke ubuzenzisi bukhula ezinganeni, futhi bona ngokwabo baphoqeleka ukuba bagqoke izifihla-buso.

Lapho uthisha ezizwa ejabule futhi ekhululekile, kukhanya injabulo, khona-ke abafundi bagcwala le mizwa. Uma uthisha engenazo izimpumputhe, nengane ngeke zibe nazo.”

Kusukela ezweni labantu abadala - izwe lokuziphatha, imihlangano kanye nediplomacy, isikole kufanele sihlukaniswe nomoya wokukhululeka, wemvelo nobuqotho, uRustam Kurbatov ukholelwa ukuthi: "Le yindawo lapho kungekho khona izinhlaka ezinjalo, lapho yonke into ivuleke kakhulu. .»

3. Hlonipha izidingo zabo

Ingane ehlezi ithule, ilalele uthisha, njengesosha elincane. Yeka injabulo okuyiyo! Ezikoleni ezinhle, umoya wamabhakabhaka awucabangeki. E-Ark-XXI, isibonelo, izingane zivunyelwe ukuhambahamba ekilasini futhi zixoxe ngesikhathi sesifundo.

“Uthisha akabuzi imibuzo nezabelo kumfundi oyedwa, kodwa kumbhangqwana noma iqembu. Futhi izingane zixoxa zodwa, ndawonye zibheke isisombululo. Ngisho nabanamahloni nabangazethembi baqala ukukhuluma. Lena indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqeda ukwesaba,” kusho uRustam Kurbatov.

Esikoleni Samahhala, isifundo sasekuseni esikhulu siqala ngengxenye yesigqi. Imizuzu engama-20 izingane zisendleleni: ziyahamba, zinyathele, zishaye izandla, zidlale izinsimbi zomculo, zicule, zisho izinkondlo. “Akwamukelekile ukuba ingane ihlale edeskini usuku lonke lapho umzimba wayo okhulayo udinga ukunyakaza,” kusho uNatalya Alekseeva.

I-Waldorf pedagogy ngokuvamile iculwa kahle kakhulu nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye kanye nobudala bezingane. Isibonelo, ekilasini ngalinye kunendikimba yonyaka, ephendula leyo mibuzo ngempilo nangomuntu ingane yalesi sikhathi. Ebangeni lokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba azi ukuthi okuhle kunqoba okubi, futhi uthisha ukhuluma naye ngalokhu esebenzisa inganekwane njengesibonelo.

Umfundi webanga lesibili useyabona ukuthi kunezimfanelo ezingezinhle kumuntu, futhi uboniswa indlela yokubhekana nazo, ngesisekelo sezinganekwane nezindaba zabangcwele, njll. futhi imibuzo engakayitholi,” kusho uNataliya Alekseeva.

4. Vusa umoya wokudala

Ukudweba, ukucula yizifundo ezengeziwe esikoleni sanamuhla, kuyaqondakala ukuthi zikhethwa, umqondisi wesikole sombhali "Isikhungo Sekilasi" uSergei Kazarnovsky uthi. Kodwa akulona ize ukuthi imfundo yakudala yayisekelwe ezinsikeni ezintathu: umculo, idrama, imidwebo.

Ngokushesha lapho ingxenye yobuciko iba yimpoqo, umkhathi esikoleni uguqulwa ngokuphelele. Umoya wokusungula uyavuka, ubudlelwano phakathi kothisha, izingane nabazali buyashintsha, kuvela indawo yemfundo ehlukile, lapho kunesikhala sokukhula kwemizwa, ukuze kube nombono wezwe onezinhlangothi ezintathu.”

"Esikhungweni Sekilasi" umfundi ngamunye uthweswa iziqu emfundweni evamile, emculweni, nasesikoleni sedrama. Izingane zizame kokubili njengabaculi nanjengabadlali, zisungula izingubo, qamba imidlalo noma umculo, zenze amafilimu, zibhale ukubuyekezwa kwemidlalo, ucwaningo ngomlando wemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Endleleni ye-Waldorf, umculo nokudweba nakho kubaluleke kakhulu.

Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, kunzima kakhulu ukufundisa lokhu kunezibalo noma isiRashiya,” kuvuma uNatalya Alekseeva. “Kodwa ukuthembela ekuhlakanipheni kuphela akwanele, ingane idinga ukuzwa ugqozi, umfutho wokudala, ukuqonda. Yilokho okwenza indoda ibe indoda.” Lapho izingane ziphefumulelwe, asikho isidingo sokuziphoqa ukuba zifunde.

“Asinankinga nesiyalo, bayakwazi ukuzilawula,” kusho u-Anna Demeneva, umqondisi wesikole saseTochka. - Njengomphathi, nginomsebenzi owodwa - ukubanikeza amathuba amaningi nangaphezulu okuziveza: ukuhlela umbukiso, ukunikeza amaphrojekthi amasha, ukuthola amacala athakazelisayo omsebenzi. Izingane zisabela ngendlela emangalisayo kuyo yonke imibono.”

5. Siza uzizwe udingeka

"Ngikholelwa ukuthi isikole kufanele sifundise ingane ukuzijabulisa," kusho uSergey Kazarnovsky. - Injabulo yalokho ofunde ukukwenza, kusukela eqinisweni lokuthi uyadingeka. Phela ubuhlobo bethu nengane ngokuvamile bakheka kanjani? Sibanika okuthile, bathathe. Futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi baqale ukubuyisela.

Ithuba elinjalo linikezwa, isibonelo, ngesiteji. Abantu abavela kulo lonke elaseMoscow beza emihlanganweni yethu yesikole. Muva nje, izingane zidlale epaki iMuzeon ngohlelo lwengoma — isixuku sabuthana ukuze sizilalele. Iyinika ingane? Ukuzwa incazelo yalokho akwenzayo, ukuzwa isidingo sakhe.

U-Anna Demeneva uyavumelana nalokhu: “Kubalulekile ukuba izingane esikoleni ziphile impilo yangempela, hhayi yokulingisa. Sonke sizimisele, asizenzisi. Ngokuvamile, uma ingane yenza i-vase endaweni yokusebenzela, kufanele izinzile, ingavumeli amanzi, ukuze izimbali zifakwe kuyo.

Ezinganeni ezindala, amaphrojekthi ahlolwa ngochwepheshe, abamba iqhaza emibukisweni ehlonishwayo ngokulingana nabantu abadala, futhi ngezinye izikhathi angakwazi ukufeza ama-oda wangempela, isibonelo, ukuthuthukisa ubunikazi benkampani yenkampani. Bazitholela lokho ngezinye izikhathi umndeni ongeke ukwazi ukubanika kona: izindinganiso zokusungula izinto, ukuguqulwa kwemvelo kwezwe.”

6. Yakha isimo sobungani

“Isikole kufanele sibe indawo lapho umntwana ezizwa elondekile khona, lapho engasongelwa ukuhlekwa usulu noma ukudelela,” kugcizelela uMikhail Belkin. Futhi uthisha udinga ukwenza umzamo omkhulu ekuvumelaneni neqembu lezingane, kunezela uNatalia Alekseeva.

“Uma kuphakama isimo sokungqubuzana ekilasini, udinga ukubekela eceleni zonke izindaba zezemfundo futhi ubhekane nakho,” kweluleka uNatalya Alekseeva. - Asikhulumi ngakho ngokuqondile, kodwa siqala ukwenza ngcono, sisungula indaba mayelana nalokhu kungqubuzana. Izingane ziyiqonda kahle i-allegory, isebenza kuzo ngokumane nje ngemilingo. Nokuxolisa kwabenzi bobubi akusekude ukufika.

Ukufunda ukuziphatha akusizi, uMikhail Belkin uyavuma. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe, ukuvuswa kozwela ezinganeni kusizwa kakhulu ngokuvakashela ikhaya lezintandane noma esibhedlela, ukuhlanganyela emdlalweni lapho ingane ishiya indima yayo futhi iba isikhundla somunye. “Lapho kunomoya wobungani, isikole siyindawo ejabulisa kakhulu, ngoba sihlanganisa abantu abadinganayo futhi ngisho, uma uthanda, bathandane,” kuphetha uRustam Kurbatov.