Okuqukethwe
Ubuhle nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo zama roses engadini kwenza lesi sitshalo sifiseleke. Akuyona indima yokugcina ekudumeni okukhulayo kwezinhlobo eziningi ezidlalwa ukunakekelwa okulula kwazo kanye nekhono labo, cishe inkathi yonke, ukujabulisa ukuqhakaza kwazo okuqhubekayo. Indlela yokunakekela ama-roses kuyo yonke inkathi, sizokutshela esihlokweni sethu.
Ngokuvamile, abalimi benza izenzo ezimbili kuphela eziphoqelekile - ukukhulula nokugqoka okuphezulu. Imisebenzi efana nokumboza inhlabathi noma ukwakha isihlahla ayibonwa yibo bonke abathandi be-rose, ngenxa yalokho izihlahla zingathuthuki ngokugcwele. Ukuthenwa kwe-rose nakho kudala impikiswano enkulu. Ukunakekela ama-roses kunezigaba eziningana futhi kufanele kulandelwe.
Ukuvundisa okwengeziwe
Njengoba ama-roses adinga kakhulu ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukugqoka okuphezulu kungenye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni. Ukuntuleka kwesici esisodwa noma ngaphezulu emhlabathini kuthinta kabi ukukhula nokuhlobisa kwehlathi.
Phakathi nonyaka, kwenziwa ukugqoka okuphezulu okuningana. Umanyolo ngendlela ye-powder noma ama-granules ahlakazekile phezu kwenhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla sama-rose futhi angcwatshwe kancane emhlabathini. Kuyasiza futhi ukusebenzisa umanyolo owuketshezi ongasetshenziswa isizini yonke. I-complex izokwengezwa ngokudla kwama-foliar, okunezinzuzo ezithile: ngemuva kokusetshenziswa emaqabunga, angena ku-cell sap kungakapheli amahora ambalwa futhi asize ukwandisa ubukhulu bembali futhi athuthukise isimo esijwayelekile sezitshalo, ikakhulukazi. kubalulekile embukisweni izibonelo roses.
Nini futhi yini okufanele ukondle
Ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka, ama-rose bush adinga izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokugqoka eziqukethe izinto ezithile:
| Isizini | Isigaba sentuthuko | Into edingekayo | Umanyolo kanye nendlela yokuwusebenzisa |
| April May | ukuvuvukala kwezinso | i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, izakhi zokulandelela - insimbi, i-boron, i-manganese | umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali ngendlela ye-powder noma ama-granules |
| May June | ukukhula kwamahlumela, ukuqala kokuhluma | i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-calcium | umanyolo we-mineral liquid |
| June | ukuvulwa kwehlumela | i-phosphorus, i-potassium, izakhi zokulandelela | i-liquid mineral supplement |
| Juni Julayi | isiqongo sezimbali | ukugqoka ngokohlu lwezibonelo zombukiso | |
| August | ikhefu ngemva kokuqhakaza | phosphorus, ukulandelela izakhi | umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali ngendlela ye-powder noma ama-granules |
| September | ngemva kokuqhakaza kabusha | phosphorus, potassium | ukwengeza usawoti we-potassium noma i-superphosphate |
Konke ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa ngosuku oluguqubele ukugwema ukusha kwezitshalo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen akwenziwa ngemva kukaJulayi, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlumela azokhula angeke abe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kobusika futhi azothinta kabi ukumelana nesithwathwa sehlathi.
Ukunciphisa
Ihlumela ngalinye le-rose likhula ngenkuthalo futhi liqhakaze iminyaka eminingana, ngaphandle kokwandisa ukushuba kwalo. Khona-ke isihloko sayo siqala ukufa, futhi ihlumela elisha liqala ukukhula lisuka ezinso ezitholakala ngezansi nje. Uma ukuthenwa kungenziwanga ngesikhathi, i-rose izophenduka izihlahlana zamahlumela aphilayo nafile, okuzothinta kabi ukuhlobisa kwesihlahla kanye nobuningi bokuqhakaza kwaso.
Amathuluzi
Ukuthenwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwama roses, amathuluzi azodingeka. Kubalulekile ukuthi zihlanzeke nokuthi ama-secateurs alolwe kahle. Ngaphambi kokusika, udinga ukuphatha ithuluzi ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate, futhi uma zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, bese ngesixazululo se-copper sulfate.
Uzodinga:
- Ama-secateurs anemiphetho emibili yokusika. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiqu siwela phakathi konqenqema lokusika.
- Ama-secateurs anomkhawulo owodwa wokusika. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, nakuba iqinile kunethuluzi elinemiphetho emibili yokusika.
- amagilavu. Ukuvikela izandla kuma-spikes, kufanele zenziwe ngezinto eziwugqinsi futhi ezinwebekayo.
- Izikele zasengadini ezinezibambo ezinde. Leli thuluzi libalulekile ekutheneni ama-high climbing nama-shrub roses. Awusizo kakhulu ukusika iziqu eziwugqinsi.
- Isivande sabona. Kuyadingeka ukusika iziqu ezinobukhulu obungaphezu kuka-2 cm.
- Ukhaphethi wamadolo. Kuzokusiza ukuthi usondele eduze nehlathi futhi ugcine amalunga akho enempilo.
tincetu
Kunomthetho ojwayelekile wokusika. Ukusikwa kufanele kube yi-oblique futhi ku-0,5-1 cm ngaphezu kwezinso. Uma udinga ukuthola isihlahla esikhulayo, ukusikwa kwenziwa ngaphezu kwezinso, ezitholakala ngaphandle kwehlumela. Indawo enqunyiwe kufanele ibe bushelelezi, ngoba lokhu udinga ukusebenzisa i-pruner ebukhali kuphela. Njengomphumela wokuthena okungafanele, amafindo angase akheke phezu kwamahlumela athile, okumele asuswe njengoba evela.
Nini ukusika
Isikhathi sokuthena sincike eqenjini okungowalo i-rose, futhi lwenziwa isizini yonke.
Entwasahlobo, ukuthenwa kwenziwa ezihlahleni ezitshalwe ekwindla kanye nezibonelo ezinezimpande ezinde. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthenwa kwentwasahlobo kungemuva kokukhipha indawo yokukhosela kanye nokuqala kokushisa, lapho amahlumela eqala ukuvuvukala, kepha amahlumela awakaqali ukukhula. Lapha udinga ukuthola indawo emaphakathi, ngoba ngokuthena kusenesikhathi, amahlumela aqhuma ngaphambi kwesikhathi angalimaza isithwathwa esibuyayo, futhi ukuthenwa sekwephuzile kakhulu, lapho ukugeleza kwe-sap sekuqalile, kwenza buthaka isihlahla, esilahlekelwa izakhi.
Ehlobo, ukuthenwa okuhlanzekile nokwakhayo kwenziwa, ukukhula kwasendle kuyasuswa, kuvimbela isihlahla ukuthi singaqini, ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ama-inflorescence abunile ayanqunywa.
Ekwindla, wonke amahlumela angakavuthwa ayasuswa futhi iziqu zifinyezwe ukuphakama kwendawo yokukhosela.
Izinhlobo zokusika
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuthena, zincike esikhathini sonyaka, uhlobo lwesihlahla nokuphakama kwaso. Hlukanisa phakathi kokuthena okuqinile, okumaphakathi nokubuthakathaka.
Ngokuthenwa okunzima, iziqu zifinyezwa cishe ngo-2/3 wobude, futhi ukusika kwenziwa endaweni ephakeme yama-buds angu-3-4 kusukela phansi kwesihlahla, kushiya ihlumela elingaba ngu-15 cm ubude. Izihlahla ezisanda kutshalwa kanye nezihlahla ezindala ze-hybrid tea roses, ezikhule ukuze zibambe iqhaza emibukisweni. Futhi, lolu hlobo lokuthena lusetshenziselwa ukuvuselela isihlahla. Ungasebenzisi izihlahla ezinzima zama roses e-floribunda.
Ukuthenwa okumaphakathi kwenziwa ngezinga lama-5-7 buds ukusuka esisekelweni, okushiya cishe ingxenye yehlumela. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zetiye le-hybrid ne-floribunda zidinga lolu hlobo lokuthena.
Ngokuthena okubuthakathaka, ama-8-15 buds ashiywe phansi kwesihlahla, okukuvumela ukuthi unikeze isitshalo isimo esihle. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa ukuthena okunjalo iminyaka eminingana ilandelana, njengoba lokhu kusiza ukwelula isihlahla nokunciphisa ukuqhakaza. Lolu hlobo lokuthena luyadingeka ezinhlobonhlobo ezinamandla zama-hybrid tea roses nazo zonke izihlahla ezikhula enhlabathini enesihlabathi noma ezindaweni ezinomoya ongcoliswe kakhulu.
Kukhona futhi ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko, lapho zonke izifo ezigulayo, eziqandisiwe nezibuthakathaka zisuswa, kuyilapho iziqu zifinyezwa zibe izicubu ezinempilo.
Izindlela zokunciphisa
Isikhathi eside, abalimi be-rose basebenzisa indlela yendabuko yokuthena, ecabangela izici eziningi: uhlobo lwama-roses, isikhathi sokutshala kanye nezimpande, izifiso zohlobo lwesihlahla. Kodwa eminyakeni yama-90 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ukuphumelela kwendlela yokusika izihlahla kwafakazelwa, okuyinto abathandi abaningi be-rose abaqala ukuyisebenzisa ngenjabulo futhi bathola izibonelo ezincane nezinempilo.
Indlela yendabuko yokuthena
| uhlobo lwama rose | Ezisanda kutshalwa noma ezihloselwe ukutshala ama roses | Ama roses anezimpande ezinhle |
|---|---|---|
| I-Bush hybrid tea | Ukuthena okuqinile. Kuyasiza ukuqinisa uhlelo lwezimpande futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha ukwenza isihlahla. | Ukuthena okulingene ezihlahleni eziningi nokuthena okusindayo kumasampula ombukiso. Sebenzisa ukuthena okuncane emhlabathini ompofu. |
| I-Bush floribunda kanye ne-patio | Ukuthena okuqinile. Ukufaka isandla ekuqinisweni kwesistimu yezimpande kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha ukwakha isihlahla. | Ukuthena okulingene noma okunamazinga amaningi, lapho ihlumela likhula, lisikwa libe lifushane. Le ndlela inikeza isihlahla esiqhakazayo eside. |
| Itiye le-hybrid elijwayelekile kanye ne-floribunda | Ukuthena okuqinile ekuphakameni okungaba ngu-20 cm ukusuka ekuphumeni kwamahlumela esiqwini. | ukuthena okulingene |
| Izinga lokukhala | Ukuthena okuqinile, amahlumela angekho ngaphezu kuka-15 cm ashiywe phezulu kwesiqu | Ekwindla, amahlumela aphelile ayasikwa, kusale kuphela amancane azoqhakaza ngonyaka olandelayo. |
| Isembozo esincane nesihlabathi | Ukuthena okuhlanzekile | Ukuthena okuhlanzekile, unganciphisa kancane amahlumela ukuze unikeze isimo esihle kakhulu esihlahleni. |
| Climbing | Ukuthena okuhlanzekile | Ukuthena okuhlanzekile. Amahlumela asemaceleni angafinyelelwa afushaniswe ngo-2/3 wobude bawo. |
Indlela eyenziwe lula
Ukuhlola okwenziwa iRoyal National Society kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ngale ndlela yokuthena, izihlahla zinempilo ngendlela evamile, futhi kwezinye izimo zithola izimbali ezinkulu nakakhulu. Nokho, indlela ilula kakhulu. Isihlahla kufanele sisikwe nge-pruner ebukhali sibe yingxenye yobude baso. Ungasebenzisa futhi izikele ukusika izitshalo. Asikho isidingo sokusika amahlumela abuthakathaka namancane, amagatsha afile kuphela adinga ukunqunywa phansi. Imigomo yalokhu kuthena ihambisana nemibandela yokuthena ngendlela evamile.
Ukunisela
Ngenxa yezimpande ezijulile, izihlahla zama-rose ezizinze kahle azidingi ukuniselwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ziyakwazi ukuhlala zintsha futhi zizizwe kahle ngisho nasehlobo lesomiso, lapho ezinye izitshalo ziqala ukubuna. Kodwa-ke, uma ama-roses enganiselwa izikhathi ezimbalwa ezomile, ukukhula kwawo kuncipha, izimbali ziba zincane futhi zibune ngokushesha, kuyilapho amahlamvu ehlala ehlanzekile futhi eluhlaza.
Kuyadingeka ukunaka indawo yokutshala ama-roses. Ngakho-ke, ama-specimens atshalwe emhlabathini oyisihlabathi noma eduze kodonga lwendlu adinga ukuchelela njalo. Ukunisela okuningi kuyadingeka kuwo wonke ama-roses uma isomiso senzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ama-roses aphuziswa kaningi ebhodweni lokunisela. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi - 5 amalitha esihlahleni ngasinye. Ama-roses akhuphukayo adinga amalitha ayi-15 ngekhophi ngayinye. Akufanele uphuzise ama-roses kaningi, futhi lapho unisela, awudingi ukubeka i-sprinkler ku-sprinkle wokunisela.
Enye indlela yokunisela ukuthi i-roller yenziwe ngenhlabathi ezungeze ihlathi futhi indawo ezungeze ihlathi igcwele amanzi aphuma epayipini.
Indlela elula kakhulu yokuchelela i-drip. Kubekwa ipayipi phakathi kwezihlahla, ngokusebenzisa izimbobo lapho kungena khona amanzi.
Ukuthukulula inhlabathi
Ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla kufanele kube njalo, kuzohlinzeka nge-oxygen ezimpandeni - lena yindlela kuphela yokususa ukhula oluningi olulimaza ukukhula kwesitshalo. Isibonelo, utshani be-wheatgrass abukwazi ukubhujiswa ngokumboza. Ukukhulula kuphela kuzosiza. Futhi, ukukhulula inhlabathi kuzovimbela ukubonakala kwezinambuzane. Asikho isidingo sokukhulula ukujula kuka-2-3 cm, ngaphandle kwalokho kunengozi yokulimaza uhlelo lwempande ye-rose. Njengoba ukumba okujulile kufanele kugwenywe, izimfoloko akufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuxegisa. Kungcono ukusebenzisa igeja noma ukhula.
Ukuxubha
Ukumboza inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo ngongqimba lwezinto eziphilayo kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa:
- Igcina umswakama.
- Yehlisa ukhula.
- Ithuthukisa izinga lomhlabathi.
- Inikeza umsoco owengeziwe ezitshalweni.
- Yehlisa ubungozi bendawo emnyama.
Kusetshenziswa i-mulching, i-peat, i-larch noma i-pine bark, umquba obolile noma i-leaf humus. Utshani obugundiwe bungasetshenziswa futhi, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Uma utshani bugundwa endaweni enokhula ephathwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane, akufanele ugcwalise ngokushesha ungqimba oluqinile lwe-mulch enjalo, ngaphezu kwalokho, utshani kufanele bufakwe ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngaphambi kwe-mulching, kuyadingeka ukususa imfucumfucu, ukhula, amanzi kanye nomanyolo. I-mulching ngokuvamile yenziwa entwasahlobo. Ekwindla, i-mulch igqitshwa kancane emhlabathini. Ngezinye izikhathi ungamboza nge-mulch ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuba inhlabathi ipholile.
KUBALULEKILE: i-mulching ngeke ithathe indawo yokuphakelwa okugcwele kwama roses, ngoba ngaphezu komanyolo we-organic, izitshalo zidinga nezinye izakhi eziqukethe umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi.
Isiqondiso sokukhula nokubopha
Izinhlobo eziningi zokufutha zama roses azidingi ukubopha nokusekelwa. Okuhlukile kuphela ezinye izinhlobo ze-shrub roses ezineziqu ezibuthakathaka. Ezizungeze kuzo udinga ukufaka izikhonkwane ezimbalwa ezingabonakali futhi uxhume iziqongo zazo ngamapulangwe.
Ama-roses akhuphukayo akhiwa kangcono kusukela ekuqaleni. Amahlumela amakhulu aqondiswe ngokuvundlile, amahlumela aseceleni akhula phezulu azoqala ukwakheka kuwo, azoqhakaza kakhulu. Uma isihlahla sitholakala eduze kodonga noma ucingo, ungasenza ngale ndlela. Uma insika noma i-tripod isebenza njengesisekelo, iziqu zimane zigoqe lokhu kusekela. Uma ubopha iziqu, udinga ukushiya isikhala esanele ukuze lapho amahlumela ekhula, ucingo aluphazamisi ukukhula kwabo.
Ukukha ama-buds
Le nqubo ibalulekile kuma-hybrid tea roses. Kwesinye isikhathi kwakheka imiqumbe eminingana ekugcineni kwamahlumela. Udinga ukushiya eyodwa kuphela ukuze uthole imbali enkulu. Wonke amanye ama-buds ahluthulwa njengoba evela.
Imi
Ngesifiso sakho sokuba ne-bouquet enhle endlini, into esemqoka ukuthi ungayidluli futhi ungenzi buthaka isihlahla ngokusika njalo. Ungasiki ngaphezu kwe-1/3 yobude behlumela. Ukusikwa kufanele kuhlale ngenhla kwezinso. Uma isihlahla sibuthakathaka, izimbali ezinama-pedicel kuphela ezingasikwa, kungcono ukuthi ungathinti ingxenye enamaqabunga yehlumela. Akunconywa ukusika izimbali esihlahleni ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala.
Ukukhipha izimbali ezibunile
Kuma roses wetiye ayi-hybrid kanye nama-floribunda roses, ukususwa kwezimbali ezibunile kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni. Kubalulekile ukususa yonke ingxenye engenhla yehlumela, ukusika kufanele kwenziwe phezu kweqabunga lesibili noma lesithathu, libheke ngaphandle. Ngokwenza lesi senzo esilula, uzosiza izitshalo ukuthi zisindise izinto ezisetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwezithelo. Futhi, ukususwa kwamahlumela aphelile kukhuthaza ukuvela kwama-buds amasha. Akudingekile ukususa ama-inflorescences abunile ezinhlobonhlobo eziqhakaza okukodwa, nezinhlobonhlobo ezakha izithelo zokuhlobisa.
Ukuncipha
Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemva kokuthena, amahlumela amabili akhula kwamanye amanodi. Ngokuvamile, ihlumela elibuthakathaka nelikhulayo phakathi kwehlathi liyasuswa. Umthetho ojwayelekile wokunciphisa ukuthi wonke amahlumela akhula ngaphakathi kwehlathi kufanele asuswe. Lokhu kuthuthukisa umoya wehlathi, ingozi encane yezifo zama roses. Ukunciphisa kuyakwenziwa futhi uma inhloso yakho ukuthola izimbali ezinkulu ezingabodwa.
Isiphetho
Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilula zokunakekela izihlahla, uzothola ingadi ye-rose enempilo nenhle.
Futhi enye into ayivamile ukushiwo ezincwadini zokunakekelwa kwalesi sitshalo, kodwa kufanelekile ukucabangela: kufanele nakanjani uthole isikhathi sokuhlala eduze nobuhle bakho futhi ubathande.
Sengiphetha, bukela ividiyo mayelana nokunakekela ama-roses.