Indlela yokwakha ishadi lempophoma

Sekukaningi ngihlangana ekubikweni kwezinkampani ezahlukene ngizwe izicelo zabafundi abasaqeqeshwayo ukuthi bachaze ukuthi umdwebo we-cascade wokuchezuka wakhiwa kanjani - ubuye ube "yimpophoma", futhi "yimpophoma", futhi "ibhuloho". ", futhi "ibhuloho", njll. Kubukeka kanjena:

Uma ukude, kubukeka sengathi impophoma emfuleni wasezintabeni noma ibhuloho elilengayo ngempela - ubani obona lokho 🙂

Okungavamile komdwebo onjalo ukuthi:

• Sibona ngokucacile inani lokuqala nelokugcina lepharamitha (ikholomu yokuqala neyokugcina).
• Izinguquko ezinhle (ukukhula) ziboniswa ngombala owodwa (imvamisa green), nezingezinhle (ziyancipha) kwabanye (imvamisa red).
  
• Kwesinye isikhathi ishadi lingase libe namakholomu angaphansi kwesamba (greyyehlela kumakholomu e-eksisi x).
  

Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, imidwebo enjalo ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Visual isibonisi se-dynamics noma iyiphi inqubo ngesikhathi: ukungena kwemali (ukugeleza kwemali), ukutshalwa kwezimali (sitshala kuphrojekthi futhi sithole inzuzo kuyo).
• Okubona ukuqaliswa kohlelo (ikholomu yesobunxele kunawo wonke emdwebeni iyiqiniso, ikholomu kwesokudla iwuhlelo, wonke umdwebo ubonisa inqubo yethu yokuya emphumeleni esiwufunayo)
• Lapho udinga ezibukwayo khombisa iziciezithinta ipharamitha yethu (ukuhlaziywa kwe-factorial yenzuzo - ukuthi iqukethe ini).
  

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwakha ishadi elinjalo - konke kuncike kunguqulo yakho ye-Microsoft Excel.

Indlela 1: Elula Kakhulu: Uhlobo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi ku-Excel 2016 nakamuva

Uma une-Excel 2016, 2019 noma kamuva (noma i-Office 365), khona-ke ukwakha ishadi elinjalo akunzima - lezi zinguqulo ze-Excel sezivele zinalolu hlobo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kuzodingeka kuphela ukukhetha ithebula elinedatha bese ukhetha kuthebhu Faka (Faka) Umyalo i-cascading (Impophoma):

Ngenxa yalokho, sizothola umdwebo ocishe ulungele ukwenziwa:

Ungakwazi ukusetha ngokushesha imibala yokugcwalisa oyifunayo kumakholomu avumayo noma angalungile. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ukukhetha imigqa efanele Khulisa и ukwehla ngqo ku-legend futhi ngokuchofoza kwesokudla kuzo, khetha umyalo Gcwalisa (Gcwalisa):

Uma udinga ukwengeza amakholomu anesamba esincane noma isamba sekholomu yokugcina eshadini, kulula kakhulu ukwenza lokhu usebenzisa imisebenzi. IZITHOMBE ZAMABILI (AMABILI ANYE) or UNIT (ISIBAMBILI). Bazobala inani eliqoqwe kusukela ekuqaleni kwetafula, kuyilapho bengafaki kulo amanani aphelele afanayo atholakala ngenhla:

Kulokhu, impikiswano yokuqala (9) iyikhodi yokusebenza kwezibalo zezibalo, futhi eyesibili (0) ibangela ukuthi umsebenzi ungawanaki amanani asebaliwe kakade ekwata yangaphambilini emiphumeleni.

Ngemva kokwengeza imigqa enamathothali, kusala ukukhetha ingqikithi yamakholomu avele kumdwebo (yenza ukuchofoza okukodwa okubili okulandelanayo kukholamu) futhi, ngokuchofoza kwesokudla kwigundane, khetha umyalo. Setha njengengqikithi (Setha njengengqikithi):

Ikholomu ekhethiwe izohlala ku-x-eksisi futhi iguqule ngokuzenzakalelayo umbala ube mpunga.

Lokho, empeleni, yikho konke - umdwebo wempophoma usulungile:

Indlela 2. Universal: amakholomu angabonakali

Uma une-Excel 2013 noma izinguqulo ezindala (2010, 2007, njll.), khona-ke indlela echazwe ngenhla ngeke ikusebenzele. Kuzodingeka uhambe usika ishadi lempophoma elingekho ku-histogram enqwabelene evamile (ufingqa imigoqo phezu kwenye).

Iqhinga lapha ukusebenzisa amakholomu eprop abonisa ngale ukuze ukhuphule imigqa yethu yedatha ebomvu neluhlaza ibe ngobude obufanele:

Ukuze sakhe ishadi elinjalo, sidinga ukungeza amanye amakholomu asizayo ambalwa namafomula kudatha yomthombo:

• Okokuqala, sidinga ukuhlukanisa ikholomu yethu yoqobo ngokuhlukanisa amanani amahle namabi abe amakholomu ahlukene sisebenzisa umsebenzi. IF (UMA).  
• Okwesibili, uzodinga ukwengeza ikholomu phambi kwamakholomu ama-pacifiers, lapho inani lokuqala lizoba ngu-0, futhi kusukela kuseli lesibili, ifomula izobala ubude balawo makholomu asekelayo abonisa ngale.
  

Ngemva kwalokho, kusala ukukhetha lonke ithebula ngaphandle kwekholomu yokuqala flow futhi udale i-histogram estakiwe evamile ngaphesheya Okufakiwe - Histogram (Faka — Ishadi Lekholomu):

Uma manje ukhetha amakholomu aluhlaza futhi uwenze angabonakali (chofoza kwesokudla kuwo - Ifomethi Yomugqa - Gcwalisa - Akukho Ukugcwalisa), bese sithola esikudingayo. 

Inzuzo yale ndlela ilula. Kumaminithi - isidingo sokubala amakholomu asizayo.

Indlela 3. Uma singena kubomvu, konke kunzima kakhulu

Ngeshwa, indlela yangaphambilini isebenza ngokwanele kuphela ngamavelu amahle. Uma okungenani endaweni ethile impophoma yethu ingena endaweni engeyinhle, khona-ke ubunzima bomsebenzi bukhula kakhulu. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka ukubala umugqa ngamunye (i-dummy, eluhlaza okotshani nokubomvu) ngokwehlukana kwezingxenye ezingezinhle nezilungile ezinamafomula:

Ukuze ungahlupheki kakhulu futhi ungaphinde usungule isondo, isifanekiso esenziwe ngomumo secala elinjalo singalandwa esihlokweni salesi sihloko.

Indlela 4. Exotic: amabhendi akhuphukayo

Le ndlela isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwesici esikhethekile esaziwayo samashadi ayisicaba (ama-histograms namagrafu) - Amabhendi abheke phansi (Amabha aphezulu-phansi). Lawa mabhendi axhuma amaphuzu amagrafu amabili ngamabili ukuze abonise ngokucacile ukuthi yimaphi amaphuzu amabili aphezulu noma aphansi, asetshenziswa ngenkuthalo lapho kuboniswa iqiniso lohlelo ngeso lengqondo:

Kulula ukuthola ukuthi uma sisusa imigqa yamashadi futhi sishiya kuphela ama-up-down bands eshadini, khona-ke sizothola "impophoma" efanayo.

Ngokwakhiwa okunjalo, sidinga ukwengeza amanye amakholomu amabili engeziwe etafuleni lethu ngamafomula alula azobala indawo yamagrafu amabili adingekayo angabonakali:

Ukuze udale “impophoma”, udinga ukukhetha ikholomu enezinyanga (kumasignesha ahambisana ne-X eksisi) namakholomu amabili engeziwe. I-Schedule 1 и I-Schedule 2 futhi wakhe igrafu evamile yokuqala ukuyisebenzisa Faka – Igrafu (Faka - Umugqa Сhart):

Manje ake sengeze amabhendi abheke phansi eshadini lethu:

• Ku-Excel 2013 nakamuva, lokhu kufanele kukhethwe kuthebhu umakhi Umyalo Engeza isici Seshadi - Amabhande okwandisa-ukuncipha (Idizayini - Engeza isici Seshadi - Amabha Aphezulu-Phansi)
• Ku-Excel 2007-2010 - yiya kuthebhu Isakhiwo – Amabha Okwehliswa Okuthuthukile (Isakhiwo - Amabha Aphezulu-Phansi)

Ishadi lizobe selibukeka kanjena:

Kusele ukukhetha amagrafu nokuwenza akhanye ngokuchofoza kuwo ngokushintshana ngenkinobho yegundane engakwesokudla bese ukhetha umyalo. Ifomethi yochungechunge lwedatha (Fometha uchungechunge). Ngokufanayo, ungashintsha indinganiso, imibala yemigqa emnyama nemhlophe ebukeka kabi iye eluhlaza nokubomvu ukuze uthole isithombe esihle ekugcineni:

Ezinguqulweni zakamuva ze-Microsoft Excel, ububanzi bamabha bungashintshwa ngokuchofoza igrafu eyodwa ebonisa ngale (hhayi amabha!) ngenkinobho yegundane engakwesokudla bese ukhetha umyalo. Ifomethi yochungechunge lwedatha - Ukucaciswa okuseceleni (Uchungechunge lwefomethi — Ububanzi begebe).

Ezinguqulweni ezindala ze-Excel, bekufanele usebenzise umyalo we-Visual Basic ukulungisa lokhu:

1. Gqamisa umdwebo owakhiwe
2. Cindezela isinqamuleli sekhibhodi Alt+F11ukuze ungene ku-Visual Basic Editor
3. Cindezela isinqamuleli sekhibhodi Ctrl+Gukuze uvule okokufaka komyalo oqondile kanye nephaneli yokususa iphutha ngokushesha (imvamisa itholakala ngezansi).

4. Kopisha bese unamathisele umyalo olandelayo lapho: I-ActiveChart.ChartGroups(1).GapWidth = 30 bese ucindezela Faka:

Ungakwazi, vele, ukudlala nxazonke ngenani lepharamitha uma uthanda. I-GapWidthukuze uthole imvume oyifunayo:

• Ulakha kanjani ishadi lezinhlamvu ku-Excel ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo i-KPI  
• Yini Okusha Kumashadi ku-Excel 2013
• Indlela yokudala ishadi "elibukhoma" elisebenzisanayo ku-Excel