Okuqukethwe
- Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo yokwakha ukugeza kusuka kubha
- Isinyathelo 1. Isiteji sokulungiselela
- Isinyathelo 2. Ukwakha isisekelo
- Isinyathelo sesi-3. Isisekelo sokuvimbela amanzi
- Isinyathelo 4. Ukuhlanganisa izindonga kusuka okhunini
- Isinyathelo sesi-5: I-Caulking Slots
- Isinyathelo 6. Uphahla
- Isinyathelo 7. Ukufaka ukuvuleka kweminyango namafasitela
- Isinyathelo 8. Umhlobiso wangaphakathi
- Isazi Amathiphu
- Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile
Ukugeza okusuka kubha kunezinzuzo eziningi:
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo yokwakha ukugeza kusuka kubha
Isinyathelo 1. Isiteji sokulungiselela
Lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kusekuqaleni ukuthi zonke izinzuzo nezinkinga zesakhiwo esizayo zibekwe. Esigabeni sokulungiselela, kufanele wenze umsebenzi olandelayo:
Isinyathelo 2. Ukwakha isisekelo
Isisekelo siyisisekelo sokugeza okuzayo, ngakho-ke kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ukuze uthole ukugeza okuphansi kwelogi, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezisekelo zingasetshenziswa: i-strip, insika yokusekela kanye ne-pile-screw.
Isisekelo se-Strip ijula ngamasentimitha angama-50-80, okuyichaza njengokungashoni. Kufanele futhi iphume okungenani ngamamitha angu-0,5 ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi ukuze kuvikelwe ugongolo olungaphansi ekumanzini nasekuboleni. Isisekelo esinjalo asidingi izindleko ezinkulu zezezimali futhi sifanele izakhiwo zokhuni ezingezona ezinkulu. Ingabekwa endaweni eqandisayo yenhlabathi. Isisekelo se-strip silungele inhlabathi eyomile nenesihlabathi. Kuwuhlaka lukakhonkolo oluqinisiwe, olubekwe phezu kwetshe elincane elihlanganisiwe noma umcamelo wesihlabathi.
Isisekelo sensika esisekelayo akubandakanyi ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kungenziwa ngesandla. Isebenza kahle enhlabathini eminyene nasesihlabathini. Izinsika ezenziwe ngezitini noma izitini zekhonkrithi zifakwe emagumbini, umjikelezo kanye nezindawo zezindonga ezithwalayo zokugeza okuzayo. Ibanga elifanele phakathi kwezisekelo ezinjalo zingamamitha angu-1,5. Isisekelo sikakhonkolo kufanele senziwe ngaphansi kwezinsika ngayinye ukuvimbela inqubo yokunciphisa kwabo. Ukuze uthole amandla, noma yisiphi isisekelo kufanele siqiniswe ngokuqiniswa.
Isisekelo se-pile-screw kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo ezenziwe ngensimbi. Lolu hlobo lufanele cishe noma yimuphi umhlabathi. Ingakhiwa ngisho esizeni esinomqansa. Kulula ukuyifaka ngezandla zakho, ngoba ukufakwa kulula kakhulu. I-pile-screw foundation ihlanganisa inhlabathi, iyonga futhi imelana nokuzamazama komhlaba.
Isinyathelo sesi-3. Isisekelo sokuvimbela amanzi
Ungqimba lokuqala lwamapulangwe kumele luvinjwe amanzi kusukela esisekelweni, ngoba umswakama uzokhuphuka ngama-capillaries futhi wenze izinkuni zibole. Umswakama, isikhunta kanye nesikhunta kwenzeka. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, ungqimba lwebitume elincibilikisiwe kufanele lufakwe endaweni evundlile yesisekelo. Kusukela phezulu kuyadingeka ukubeka ungqimba oluqhubekayo lwezinto zokuphahla. Ngemva kokuba itiyela seliqinile, yonke inqubo iphinda iphindwe futhi.
Isinyathelo 4. Ukuhlanganisa izindonga kusuka okhunini
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakhiwa kwezindonga zokugeza, kufanele usebenzise izinga ukuze uhlole ukulingana kwendawo evundlile yogongolo. Konke ukwakhiwa okuqhubekayo kuncike kwikhwalithi yokubeka umqhele ophansi wokugeza. Ngesendlalelo esingezansi, udinga ukukhetha ugongolo olweqile, kepha ubude balo kufanele bufane.
Ngaphambi kokubeka umqhele wokuqala, kuyadingeka ukubeka ama-slats amapulangwe amancane angaba ngu-15 mm ubukhulu, aphathwe ngaphambili nge-antiseptic, azungeze wonke umjikelezo wesisekelo. Ibanga phakathi kwabo (cishe 30 cm) ligcwele ukufakwa kwe-insulation noma igwebu elikhuphukayo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuvikelwe imigoqo engezansi ekuboleni nasekuswameni.
Umqhele wokuqala awunqunyelwe, izingqimba ezilandelayo zezinkuni zibekwe kuwo, ngaphansi kwesisindo lapho ukugeza kuzoncipha. Ngakho-ke, akufanelekile ukubeka i-log cabin yokugeza ngokuqinile kakhulu.
Ukumiswa kwezindonga kusho ukuhleleka okucacile. Okokuqala, kubekwe imiqhele, eqondaniswe futhi ixhunywe komunye nomunye kusetshenziswa izikhonkwane zensimbi noma ama-dowels okhuni. Zishayelwa emigodini eyenziwe ngokukhethekile yobubanzi obufanele. Izimbobo zimbozwa ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-1-1,5. I-drill kufanele idlule ugongolo olungaphezulu nengxenye engezansi. Izikhonkwane zifakwa emigodini, bese kubekwa ungqimba lwe-insulation.
Ngendlela efanayo, yonke imiqhele elandelayo yokugeza itholakala. Imiqhele emibili ephezulu ayidingi ukuboshwa, njengoba kuzodingeka isuswe okwesikhashana ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwemishayo yophahla.
Ngemva kokumisa izindonga, ukugeza kufanele kumile ukuze kunciphe kwenzeke, okuhlala cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ukuze uvikele izingodo ekutholeni amanzi, kuhle ukufaka uphahla lwesikhashana ngokuvimbela amanzi.
Isinyathelo sesi-5: I-Caulking Slots
Ngemuva kokuncipha, kuyadingeka ukuvala izikhala phakathi kwemigoqo. Ngale njongo, i-jute, inzwa, i-tow, i-sealant isetshenziswa. I-Caulker iqala ukusuka kumugqa ongezansi, kancane kancane ikhuphuka. I-tow noma inzwa ishaywa ngesando ezindaweni ezikhona kusetshenziswa i-spatula yokhuni nesando.
Kulula kakhulu ukusebenza nge-jute, njengoba ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze isikhathi futhi uzuze umphumela omuhle kakhulu. I-Jute ikhishwa kancane kancane, ibekwe phezu kwemishayo futhi ifakwe kuzo ngezipikili isebenzisa i-stapler.
Isinyathelo 6. Uphahla
Ukwakhiwa kophahla kuhilela le misebenzi elandelayo: ukufakwa kokusekela isakhiwo sophahla, ukufakwa kwemishayo yophahla, ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo se-truss, ukuvimbela amanzi kanye nokufakwa kophahla, ukufakwa kwesistimu ye-truss, ukufakwa kokufulela kusuka ezintweni zokuphahla; amathayili, insimbi noma i-ondulin.
Inketho elula ukwakhiwa kophahla lwe-gable. I-attic ene-insulated ene-ventilation enhle yenziwa ngaphansi kwayo.
Kodwa-ke, uma izindlu zokuhlala ezengeziwe zidingeka, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukwenza uphahla luphuke. Lokhu kuzokwandisa kakhulu indawo yesitezi esingaphezulu, lapho ungahlela khona igumbi lokuphumula noma ubeke itafula lebhilidi.
Isinyathelo 7. Ukufaka ukuvuleka kweminyango namafasitela
Ukufakwa kokuvuleka kweminyango namafasitela kubhavu kusuka kubha kufanele kunakekelwe kusengaphambili. Kakade ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezindonga, izikhala ezincane zishiywe ezindaweni ezifanele, ezizokwandiswa nge-chainsaw ngemva kokuncipha kokugeza.
Ubukhulu beminyango ekugezeni bunconywa ngokuphakama kwamamitha angu-1,6-1,8, ububanzi bamamitha angu-0,6-1. Ububanzi bamafasitela bungaphakathi kwe-0,3 m, futhi ubude bawo buyi-0,9 m. Ngokuvamile zitholakala ezingeni lamehlo.
Amafasitela awavamile ukufakwa emakamelweni omusi.
Isinyathelo 8. Umhlobiso wangaphakathi
Ukugeza okusuka kubha kwehla, njengomthetho, kuphela ngaphakathi.
Ekamelweni le-steam, isitofu sifakwe esisekelweni. Izindonga, phansi kanye nophahla kungaqedwa ngamathayili asebenzayo, aqinile futhi atholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene kanye nemithunzi. I-Clapboard trim nayo isetshenziswa kakhulu. Kusetshenziswa izinkuni ezincibilikayo (larch, aspen, birch, linden) ezingakhiphi i-resin emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi yome ngokushesha.
Kwamanye amakamelo okugeza, ungasebenzisa ulayini noma ama-tile abheke. Kulawa makamelo, i-softwood lining enephunga elimnandi ifanelekile.
Isazi Amathiphu
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile
UPavel Bunin, umnikazi wendawo yokugeza"Bansk":
Isisekelo. Esinye sezigaba eziyinhloko zokwakha. Kuya kuye ukuthi ukwakhiwa kokugeza kuzobiza malini. Lapho wakha ukugeza kusuka kugongolo olunephrofayili, kwanele ukwenza isisekelo sekholomu. Kuzothatha izinto eziphindwe kabili kune-tape. Ukonga okuphathekayo osekuvele kukhona.
Izindonga. Izindleko zokugeza zixhomeke kakhulu ekukhethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngakho, ugodo olusikiwe luqhathaniswa nenani nezindleko zogodo; ukuze usebenze ngale nto, kuyadingeka ukuba ube nolwazi ekwenzeni umsebenzi wokwakha onjalo. Naphezu kwezindleko ezinkulu zamapulangwe anephrofayili, izinto ezinjalo zizokwenza lula isigaba somsebenzi wokwakha. Konke ngenxa yohlobo olulula lokuxhuma "iva ku-groove", okuqinisekisa ukuqina nokunciphisa izindleko zokushisa okushisayo kwezindonga. Uhlobo olubiza kakhulu lwento yodonga luyi-profiled glued laminated wood. Ukusebenzisa le nto, uzosindisa isikhathi esiningi.
Uphahla. Ukuze izindleko zokwakha ukugeza zibe phansi futhi ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhwalithi, ungenqaba ukwakha uphahla ngamafomu ezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kukhona imiklamo elula ukuyisebenzisa, ngakho-ke ngikweluleka ukuthi usebenzise amathayili athambile angabizi, kodwa anokwethenjelwa futhi angasindi njengento yokufulela.
Umhlobiso wangaphakathi. Abakhi abanolwazi baqinisekisa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukulondoloza emhlobiso wangaphakathi wanoma yikuphi ukugeza. Ukunethezeka nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhungo kuncike kulesi sigaba. Kudingekile ukunaka izinto ezisetshenziswa ekamelweni le-steam kanye nomnyango wokugeza. Amabhodi e-aspen noma i-larch abhekwa njengenketho engcono kakhulu yokuhlanganisa izindonga, uphahla kanye nephansi. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zine-hydrophobic, zihlala isikhathi eside, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, azihambisani nemvelo. Futhi lokhu kuyisimiso esiyisisekelo ekwakhiweni kwanoma yikuphi ukugeza.
Iphrojekthi. Njengokwakhiwa kwanoma iyiphi into, ekuqaleni ukugeza udinga ukudala iphrojekthi. Ukuyihlanganisa, kungcono ukuthintana nama-ejensi wokuklama ochwepheshe. Ochwepheshe bazosiza ukudala iphrojekthi ngayinye, becabangela zonke izici zesayithi futhi banikeze izincomo zokwakha. Akufanele ube budedengu ngalesi sigaba, njengoba ngisho nenhlabathi okuhlelwa kuyo umsebenzi wokwakha icwaningwa yizinhlaka ezinekhono.
Ukubala okubalulekile. Noma iyiphi inkosi enolwazi olunzulu, ngisho nangeso, izokwazi ukulinganisa inani elifanele lezinto ezibonakalayo. Uma ufaka isicelo sokulethwa kwezinkuni kumphakeli, khona-ke uzobala konke eyedwa futhi alethe inani elifanele. Kodwa kuyaqabukela, omunye wabo ucabangela izimo force majeure, isibonelo, impahla enesici. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sigaba, ngincoma ukubonisana nochwepheshe.
Kuyafaneleka ukunaka ukuhlinzeka ngokugeza ngokukhanya kwasemini, ngakho-ke udinga ukugxila eningizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga, empumalanga.
Kubalulekile ukutadisha indawo, uma kukhona umthambeko endaweni, khona-ke indawo yokugeza kufanele ibe endaweni ephakeme, lokhu kuzovikela isakhiwo emvuleni nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, thatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela.
Cabanga kusengaphambili ngendaba yokufingqa ukuxhumana.
Akukho ukuphepha emlilweni noma kuphi.
Njengamanje, kunemithetho okufanele igcinwe:
ibanga elincane ukusuka okugeza ukuya ezindaweni zokuhlala zingamamitha angu-8;
kufanele okungenani kube namamitha ayi-15 phakathi kwendawo yokugeza yezingodo nezindlu ezingomakhelwane;
ehlathini, izihlahla kanye nezinye izindawo zokubekwa kwezihlahla ngobuningi - amamitha ayi-15;
emachibini, emifuleni, emachibini nakho konke lokho - amamitha ama-5;
ibanga ukuya ezihlahleni ezinde, ngisho noma kuyingadi yakho - amamitha ama-4;
izihlahla ezimaphakathi - amamitha ama-3;
isitshalo se-shrub - 1 m.