I-House mushroom (i-Serpula lacrymans) isithombe nencazelo

Ikhowe lendlu (Serpula lacrymans)

Lesi sikhunta siyingxenye yesikhunta esiyingozi esicekela phansi izihlahla.

Amanye amagama ayo:

Ihlala ezihlahleni ezigawuliwe ezifile, futhi iyingozi kakhulu uma izalela ezakhiweni ezihlukahlukene. Uma isizinzile esihlahleni, ingabhubhisa kalula futhi ngokushesha izingxenye zokhuni.

amakhowe endlu inekhono elithuthukisiwe (kuya ngamazinga ahlukahlukene atholakala kuwo wonke amakhowe) ukwakha i-mycelium enamandla ngisho nasezimeni ezingafaneleki ngokuphelele ze-fruiting. Izimo ezinjalo zihlanganisa umoya omile, umswakama ophezulu, ukuntuleka kokukhanya. Lapho kukhona lezi zici, isikhunta sikhula kakhulu futhi ngokushesha ngendlela yefomu eliyinyumba futhi siqhuba ngenkuthalo umsebenzi olimazayo.

Njengomthetho, lesi sikhunta sisakazeka ezindlini ezingaphansi nasezindlini ezingaphansi, lapho kunomswakama futhi kugcwele, phansi kwamapulangwe aphansi, phansi kwemishayo. Uzizwa ejabule ngokukhethekile uma phansi kuqondile emhlabathini omanzi.

Ekuqaleni kokukhula kwesikhunta, kuvela amachashazi amancane amhlophe esihlahleni, agcina ehlangana abe amabala amafinyila noma ama-plaque amathenda anoboya, bese kuvela i-plexus, efana newebhu yesiliva. Kancane kancane, isakazeka kakhulu phezu kwesihlahla, iyaqina, ithola isakhiwo esinamaqabunga, i-silky sheen kanye nombala ompunga omlotha.

Emaphethelweni esikhunta, kwakheka imicu emincane edlula ku-spurs, ngosizo lapho isikhunta, njengokungathi, sikhasa sifuna ukudla ngemifantu emincane nemigodi ezindongeni. Ngakho, usuka kwenye ingxenye yendlu aye kwenye. Ngezinye izikhathi umsebenzi onjalo wokubhubhisa ungaholela ekubhujisweni kwendlu yonke kanye nokuwa kwayo.

amakhowe endlu ngezinye izikhathi ingase isebenze ngokuhlanganyela nabanye abameleli besikhunta, njenge-Polyporus vaporarius, i-Polyporus destructor nabanye. Imvamisa, ukhunta lwasendlini luthinta amaconifers, kodwa futhi lungalimaza izihlahla eziphukayo, njenge-oki.

Umphumela okhunini

Lapho enza ucwaningo, u-R. Hartig wathola ukuthi isikhunta sikhipha ama-enzyme akhethekile akwazi ukuhlakaza izinhlanganisela zokhuni eziphilayo kude kakhulu nesikhunta. Ngenxa yalokho, isihlahla siphenduka sibe uhlobo ukhunta ekwazi ukulihlanganisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa ma-enzyme ayakwazi ukuncibilikisa izakhi zomlotha kulwelwesi lwamaseli lapho ethintana ngqo ne-hyphae. Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zinqubo, ukubhujiswa kwesihlahla kwenzeka.

Kancane kancane, ukhuni luphenduka lube nsundu, luphenduke lube uthuli, futhi uma luthambile ngokwanele esimweni salo esisha, khona-ke ngenxa yesenzo sesikhunta, loma, luba brittle futhi lube brittle. Ikakhulukazi kulula isikhunta somuthi ibhubhisa phansi ehlanganiswe ngopende wamafutha, ngoba kulokhu i-underside yephansi ivaliwe ngokuphelele ekukhanyeni futhi ivikelwe ekumisweni.

Iqiniso lokuthi isikhunta esinjalo sivele okhunini singaqondwa ngamachashazi amnyama avela phezulu, futhi uma izinkuni zimbozwe ngopende weglue, khona-ke kwakhiwa izindawo eziphuzi eziphuzi, ezitholakala ngokuhlukana komunye nomunye.

Uma ukhuni olungenwe ukhunta lwesihlahla lungqongqozwa, kuzwakala umsindo ongacacile, futhi lapho ucindezelwa, uphuka kalula. Isihlahla esithintekile sidonsa amanzi kakhulu, siba yi-hygroscopic kakhulu, ngakho umswakama ovela ngezansi ungadlula ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zendlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mycelium ye-fungus ngokwayo inamandla okuqhuba umswakama kalula futhi iwudlulisele okhunini olomile, ngakho-ke ngisho nasemakamelweni omile kakhulu ingaba manzi kakhulu futhi ngeke kwenzeke ukuhlala kuwo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona umzuzu owodwa ongathandeki: imizimba ye-fruiting ye-fungus, ngesikhathi sokubola nokubola, ikhipha isici nephunga elibi kakhulu, eliyingozi empilweni.

Ngokocwaningo lukaPolek noGoeppert, ukhunta lwesihlahla lungaqukatha phakathi kuka-48 no-68% wamanzi.

Uma i-mycelium iphuma ngemifantu noma imifantu emoyeni omusha nokukhanya, khona-ke imizimba ye-fruiting ye-fungus iqala ukwakha. Ziyi-lamellar, ziyi-plate-shape, ububanzi, zingafinyelela ubukhulu obufika kumitha, zibe nokuthungwa kwenyama yesikhumba. Ekuqaleni kokukhula, imizimba yezithelo imhlophe, bese iba bomvu-ophuzi, futhi ekugcineni iba nsundu ngokugqwalile. Ngenhla, banemigoqo efana nezikelemu ezinyakazayo lapho kukhona khona izinhlamvu, futhi ngezansi banesakhiwo esine-fibrous-velvety esinamachopho amhlophe avuvukele. Imiphetho yemizimba ethela izithelo ikhipha amaconsi asobala oketshezi, okuthi kamuva kube namafu, athole umbala obisi (ngakho-ke, leli khowa libizwa ngokuthi ukulila). Izinhlamvu ziyi-elliptical shape, zincane ngosayizi (ubude 0,011 kanye nobubanzi 0,006 mm), nsundu noma onsundu ngokugqwalile ngombala. Ukuhluma kwe-spore kungenzeka kuphela lapho kukhona izinto ezinokusabela kwe-alkaline. Kungaba i-potassium carbonate, usawoti noma i-ammonia ngokwayo. Lezi zinto zivusa ukuvuvukala kwegobolondo le-spore. Ukuhluma kubuye kube lula ngomchamo, umlotha, i-coke nezinye izinto eziqukethe noma ezibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezinokusabela kwe-alkaline.

Ukuze uvimbele ukubonakala kwesikhunta sendlu, u-R. Hartig uncoma ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezilandelayo:

- ngemva kokuqedwa kokulungiswa ezakhiweni ezigcwele isikhunta sezinkuni, abasebenzi kudingeka bahlanze futhi bawashe wonke amathuluzi abo ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa ngokulandelayo. Kuyadingeka futhi ukugeza kahle izingubo namabhuzu.

- uma izinkuni ezindala zinemikhondo ecacile yokulimala kwesikhunta, ngakho-ke ngeke zisetshenziswe ezakhiweni ezintsha. Ukhuni oludala olucekeleke phansi olususwa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kufanele selweshiswe ngokushesha, futhi izinkuni ezintsha akufanele zigcinwe eduze kwalowo owonakele.

- izakhiwo ezintsha kufanele zivikelwe ekungcolisweni abakhi bazo, futhi izindlu zangasese kufanele zifakwe ngendlela yokuthi ukungcola kwezakhiwo ezintsha kungenzeki ngokungaqondile.

– isihlabathi esigeziwe esimahhadla noma izitini ezichotshoziwe kufanele zisetshenziswe njengomcamelo ngaphansi kwephansi. Ubuningi obuhlukahlukene obumanzi abukwazi ukusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi umlotha, i-coke, nezinye izinto ezicebile nge-humus kufanele zigwenywe.

- ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakhiwa, isihlahla kufanele somiswe kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.

- indlu esanda kwakhiwa kumele yome kahle, futhi ngemva kwalokho iphansi lingapendwa ngopende wamafutha.

- udinga ukwakha ngendlela yokuthi izitezi zingafaki kakhulu ezindongeni.

- kubalulekile ukuhlela kahle uhlaka lomoya emakamelweni aphansi atholakala ngaphansi kwesitezi.

- udinga ukuqaphela ukuhlanzeka ngokucophelela, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi indle namanzi akuweli ngaphansi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezindlini zokugezela nelondolo.

Izindlela zomzabalazo

Ukuze ucekele phansi amakhowe wendlu osevele evele, kusetshenziswe izindlela eziningi, kodwa akukho neyodwa yazo engabizwa ngokuthi i-radical. Imiphumela emihle yatholwa isazi sezihlahla saseJalimane u-GL Hartig, okwathi ngekhulu le-19 wafaka izingcezu zokhuni nge-carbolineum noma i-creosote.

UProfesa Sorokin unikeza izincomo zakhe zokugcoba izinkuni ngetiyela elivamile, futhi abanye abacwaningi babiza i-petroleum phakathi kwezindlela ezisebenzayo.

Uma isikhunta singakasakazeki kakhulu, khona-ke ukususwa ngokucophelela kwezindawo ezilimele zesihlahla futhi esikhundleni sazo ezintsha kunganikeza umphumela omuhle.