Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lezifo emhlabeni kusukela kwaqala lolu bhubhane. U-Omikron unecala?

Sekudlule iminyaka emibili kwavela igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 eWuhan - umcimbi oguqule umhlaba nempilo yethu yansuku zonke. Futhi isaguquguquka, ngoba naphezu kwemikhawulo eminingi, ukuxilonga okubanzi kanye nomkhankaso omkhulu wokugomela ukuvimbela, i-COVID-19 ayikuyeki. Izolo, ngoDisemba 27, ukubeke kwacaca ngezibalo zomhlaba: i-coronavirus itholwe kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1,44 emhlabeni jikelele, futhi lesi sibalo esosuku olulodwa kuphela. Ngabe u-Omikron, okuhlukile okusha kwe-coronavirus, kufanele asolwe ngaleli rekhodi elibi?

1. NgoDisemba 27, inani eliphakeme kakhulu lezifo nsuku zonke laqoshwa emhlabeni jikelele 
2. Onyakeni owedlule ngalesi sikhathi, bekunezifo ezicishe ziphindwe kathathu, yize abantu abaningi bengagonywanga, futhi izinhlobo zegciwane ezikhathazayo zaba "kungazelelwe" ezimbili (i-Alpha ne-Beta)
3. Izizathu zalezi zibalo eziyinhlekelele zifaka: ukungaqiniseki kwegciwane kanye nezinga eliphansi lokugoma kubantu, okusho ukuthi i-SARS-CoV-2 ayikho lapho ingashintsha khona.
4. Ulwazi olwengeziwe lungatholakala ekhasini lasekhaya le-TvoiLokony

Irekhodi lokutheleleka kwansuku zonke emhlabeni

NgoDisemba 27, 1 million 449 yemisebenzi eqinisekisiwe emhlabeni wonke. Amacala angama-269 okutheleleka nge-coronavirus, kanti isilinganiso sezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ezedlule sasiyizinkulungwane ezingama-747. 545. Lokhu ukwenyuka okukhulu kwesilinganiso senkathi ngayinye yangaphambili yobhubhane: kabili kusukela ekuqaleni kukaZibandlela, lapho kwakukhona cishe izifo ezingama-700. ngosuku futhi kuze kube kathathu uma kuqhathaniswa nesimo kusukela ngonyaka odlule (izinkulungwane ezingama-400-500). Kuze kube manje, inani elikhulu kakhulu lezifo (kusukela ngaphambi kukaDisemba walo nyaka) labhalwa ngoJanuwari 2021 - 892 ayizinkulungwane. Amacala angama-845 e-SARS-CoV-2 phakathi nosuku.

Nokho, ukuqhathanisa lezi zinombolo akubonakali kunengqondo kakhulu - namuhla sisendaweni ehluke ngokuphelele kunonyaka odlule. Futhi lokho akuzona izindaba ezinhle kithi. NgoDisemba 2020, salwa nezinguquko ezimbili zegciwane le-Wuhan (i-Alpha ne-Beta, uhlobo lwe-Gamma lwahlonzwa kuphela ngoJanuwari kulo nyaka), izinhlelo zokugomela i-COVID-19 emazweni amaningi zazisanda kuqala (ePoland, umuthi wokugoma wokuqala enikezwe ngoDisemba 27), kanti Izidakamizwa ezisiza ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-coronavirus bezisahlolwa.

Ngemva konyaka, sinezinguquko ezintathu ezintsha ze-SARS-CoV-2, ezimbili zazo (i-Delta ne-Omikron) zatheleleka kakhulu kunangaphambili, futhi cishe ingxenye yabantu bomhlaba iyagonywa. Akufanele yini lokho kube ngokwanele ukwenza ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lwehle emlandweni?

1. Bheka futhi: Isazi sezifo eziwumshayabhuqe saseChina: IYurophu izobhekana nobhubhane ngo-2024.

Isihloko esisele ngaphansi kwevidiyo.

Kungani i-COVID-19 ingabuyi?

Ochwepheshe bavumelana ngazwi linye ngaleli phuzu: kufanele, kodwa akwanele, ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, leli gciwane alibikezeleki ngokwedlulele. Ayigcini nje ngokushintshashintsha, kodwa futhi ishintsha ngendlela enolaka kakhulu. Lokhu kubonakala ngokusobala ezintweni zofuzo zohlobo olusha lwe-SARS-CoV-2, i-Omikron, lapho kutholwe khona ukuguqulwa okungama-50, okungu-32 kwakho kutholakala kuphrotheni ye-spike. 10 kufaka phakathi izinguquko endaweni yokuqashelwa okuqondile kwe-cell receptor yomuntu yi-coronavirus spike.

1. Funda futhi: I-Virologist: Ama-Omicrons angatheleleka izikhathi ezifika ku-500

Lezi zinhlobo ezintsha zitheleleka kakhulu kunezangaphambili - iDelta yasusa uguquko lwangaphambilini phakathi namasonto ayishumi nambili, kwathi u-Omikron wathatha umhlaba wonke esikhathini esingaphansi kwenyanga, naphezu kwemingcele enzima ebekwe abahambi ngohulumeni bamazwe ngamanye (okuhlanganisa ukuvinjelwa kwezindiza eziya kwamanye amazwe).

Okwesibili, leli gciwane alinandawo lapho lingashintsha khona, ngoba ingxenye yabantu emhlabeni ayizange ithole umthamo owodwa womgomo. ngokumelene ne-COVID-19. Akuzona kuphela izakhamizi zamazwe ampofu, njengamazwe ase-Afrika, lapho kuntuleka khona kokubili imithi yokugoma kanye nemfundo yezempilo yomphakathi. Kuphinde kube yiqembu elikhulu lama-anti-vaccine agents, akhona emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, okuthi ukuthintana negciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 ezimweni eziningi kuyabulala. Ikakhulukazi abantu abangagonyiwe ababa indawo ekahle ye-coronavirus, ngenxa yalokho i-pathogen iqhubekela phambili, imvamisa ngendlela eshintshile, enolaka. Uma nje izinga lokugoma linganyuki, kunzima ukubala ezindabeni ezinikeza ithemba mayelana nalokhu.

1. Bheka futhi: Imithi yokugomela i-COVID-19. Ibukeka kanjani iPoland uma iqhathaniswa neYurophu?

Kuthiwani ngenani lokufa kwabantu ngenxa yokutheleleka nge-coronavirus?

Uma sibhekene nalezi zibalo ezifiphele, kuyaduduza lokho Irekhodi lokufa komhlaba wonke alikho ngemuva kokwenyuka kwenani labantu abangenwa izifo ngosuku. Izolo bebeyizinkulungwane eziyisi-6. 526, kwathi ngoJanuwari walo nyaka inani licishe liphindwe kabili (ngoJanuwari 20, bangaphezu kwe-19 abantu abashonile ngenxa ye-COVID-18).

Kodwa-ke, kusafanele silinde ngomdlandla - amaholide asemuva kwethu, lapho kwakungekho mingcele emikhulu emazweni amaningi omhlaba. Imihlangano yomndeni eqenjini elikhulu izothinta izibalo ze-covid zoNyaka Omusha, ngoba kunjalofuthi ukuqala kuka-2022 kuzoba inani eliphakeme lezifo zamaholide kanye nokwanda okuphawulekayo kwezifo ze-Omicron, ngokusho kochwepheshe..

1. Funda nalolu daba: U-Omikron “uyahlanya ngomhlaba”. Kuthiwani ngoKhisimusi?

Okufanayo kuyiqiniso ngenani lokulaliswa esibhedlela kanye nokufa okubangelwa ukutheleleka ngokuhlukile okusha. I-Omikron ayizange itholakale kuze kube maphakathi noNovemba, yinyanga kuphela eYurophu kuphela. Njengoba odokotela nososayensi besho, kufushane kakhulu ukusho ukuthi empeleni kuyingozi encane kunezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambilini nokuthi ngabe ukusulelana okuphezulu kuzohumushela yini inani lokungeniswa kweziguli ezintsha ze-covid ezibhedlela kanye nokufa okusha. Lezi zivame ukubambezeleka ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ukutheleleka amasonto ambalwa.

1. Igagasi le-Omikron lizofika nini ePoland? Isibikezelo sososayensi

Kuyafaneleka ukubalula olunye udaba, olungahlali lusobala, udaba: ukuhlolelwa i-COVID-19. Bebhekene nosongo oluqhubekayo lokubeka imingcele, ohulumeni emazweni amaningi baye bayiphinda kabili imizamo yabo yokuxilonga leli gciwane kubantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuhlolwa kokuba khona kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kwenziwa namuhla esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka odlule, okuthinta nezibalo ezethulwe ngokusemthethweni.

Yini okufanele ukwazi nge-Omikron?

1. I-Omikron ingeyesihlanu - ngemuva kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-Alpha, Beta, Gamma kanye ne-Delta - i-SARS-CoV-2 uhlobo, okuthe, ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo kanye nokudluliswa kwempahla, ivuse ukukhathazeka okuthile phakathi kososayensi (i-World Health Organization yaligunyaza njenge-VoC, okungukuthi okuhlukile kokukhathazeka, ukukhathazeka).
2. Icala lokuqala lokutheleleka nge-Omikron latholwa ngoNovemba 11 eBotswana. EYurophu, okuhlukile kwavela okokuqala eBelgium ekupheleni kwenyanga efanayo.
3. Ngokwemininingwane evela ku-database ye-GISAID, uhlobo seluvele lutholakele emazweni angama-89 emhlabeni jikelele. Iningi - eGreat Britain (amacala ayizinkulungwane ezingama-38 575) nase-USA (izinkulungwane eziyi-10 291).
4. U-Omikron wafika ePoland ngoDisemba 16. Izibalo ezisemthethweni zithi amacala angama-25 okutheleleka nge-strain..
5. Ngokwemibiko yakamuva yodokotela abavela emhlabeni wonke, ukutheleleka nge-Omikron kubangela inkambo ethambile yokutheleleka.
6. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokutheleleka okubangelwa i-Omikron yilezi: ikhala elivalekile / ikhala eligijimayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, umphimbo onwayayo, ukukhwehlela, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ubuthakathaka / ukukhathala, izinga lokushisa lomzimba elithe ukukhuphuka kancane.
7. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi ziphetho zithinta iqembu elincane leziguli, ngaphezu kwalokho ezisencane (ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-50) futhi ezigonyiwe kakhulu. Ochwepheshe beluleka ngokuqapha ngoba I-Omicron, njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo, ingaba yingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu abavela emaqenjini asengozini enkulu nakulabo abangagonyiwe..
8. Uma kukhulunywa ngokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemithi yokugomela etholakala ngokwentengiso yohlobo olusha lwe-coronavirus, ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisa ukuthi liphansi kancane kunezinhlobo zangaphambilini ze-SARS-CoV-2, kodwa liyakhula impela ngemuva kokuthatha umthamo okhuthazayo. Ukuvikelwa okungcono kakhulu kunikezwa ngamalungiselelo asekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-mRNA.

Ibhodi labahleli lincoma:

1. Ubani omelana kakhulu nokwahluka kwe-Omikron?
2. I-Omicron ingaba mnene njengomkhuhlane. Kodwa ngombandela
3. Kulawa mazwe, i-Omikron isivele ikhonya. Yini esingayifunda kubo?
4. I-Omikron ayihlabeki umxhwele? Izigxobo azifuni ukugoma futhi azilesabi igciwane
5. I-Epidemiologist: Ingabe uyesaba i-Omicron? Imaski yokuhlinzwa ingase inganele

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