Ipayipi yokukhipha imoto ingaphansi kancane kwezinga lesistimu yokuphefumula yomuntu omdala futhi ezingeni elifanayo nengane. Yonke into ekhishwa umzila wethrafikhi ngokwayo ingena ngqo emaphashini. Uhlu lwezinto eziyingozi kumagesi okukhipha umoya luhlanganisa okungaphezu kweshumi: ama-oxide e-nitrogen ne-carbon, i-nitrogen ne-sulfur dioxide, i-sulfur dioxide, i-benzopyrene, i-aldehydes, ama-hydrocarbons anephunga elimnandi, inhlanganisela yokuhola ehlukahlukene, njll.
Zinobuthi futhi zingabangela ukungezwani komzimba, isifuba somoya, i-bronchitis, i-sinusitis, ukwakheka kwezimila eziyingozi, ukuvuvukala kwepheshana lokuphefumula, i-myocardial infarction, i-angina pectoris, ukuphazamiseka kokulala okuqhubekayo nezinye izifo. Imigwaqo emadolobheni amakhulu ayilokothi ingenalutho, ukuze bonke abantu bahlale bechayeka emiphumeleni eyingozi ecashile.
Isithombe sokungcoliswa komoya emadolobheni aseRussia
Isimo sibi kakhulu nge-nitric oxide ne-carbon dioxide. Njengamanje, ngokwezinhlelo zeziphathimandla, isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwesimo sibukeka kanje: ngo-2030, emadolobheni, i-nitrogen oxide kulindeleke ukuthi yehle izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili, kanti i-carbon dioxide izokhula ngo-3-5. %. Ukulwisana nalokhu kuthuthukiswa, iGreenpeace iphakamisa uhlelo oluzosiza ukunciphisa amazinga e-nitric oxide ngo-70% kanye ne-carbon dioxide ngama-35%. Emfanekisweni 1 no-2, umugqa onachashazi umelela ishejuli yohlelo lwedolobha, futhi umugqa onemibala umelela iGreenpeace.
I-NO2 - ama-nitrogen oxides, ayingozi kubantu nasemvelweni ngokujwayelekile. Bagxila emadolobheni, kancane kancane bacekele phansi isimiso somuntu sokuphefumula nesezinzwa, bakhe intuthu, futhi bacekele phansi ungqimba lwe-ozone.
I-CO2 i-carbon dioxide, isitha esingabonakali ngoba ayinalo iphunga noma umbala. Ekuhlanganiseni komoya okungu-0,04%, kubangela ikhanda elibuhlungu isikhathi esithile. Kungaholela ekulahlekelweni ukwazi ngisho nokufa kancane uma ifinyelela ku-0,5%. Uma usebenza eduze komgwaqo noma ngaphansi kwefasitela lakho, kuvame ukuba nesiminyaminya sezimoto, bese uthola isilinganiso soshevu njalo.
Izinyathelo eziphakanyiswe ngabakwaGreenpeace
IGreenpeace iphakamisa izindawo ezintathu zokusebenza: ukunciphisa ukulimala kwezimoto, ukuthuthukisa izimoto zomuntu ezinamasondo amabili nezikagesi, nokudala isakhiwo sokulawula umoya.
Mayelana nezimoto, iGreenpeace ihlongoza ukuphishekela inqubomgomo enomthwalo wemfanelo, ukubeka phambili ezokuthutha zomphakathi, ngoba ibhasi elilodwa lingathwala abantu abangafika kwabayikhulu, kanti ngokobude obuhlala ekuhambeni kwethrafikhi, lilingana nesilinganiso. yezimoto ezijwayelekile ezingu-2.5 ezithwala abantu abaningi abayi-10. Thuthukisa ukuqashwa kwezimoto okuthengekayo okuvumela abantu ukuthi baqashe imoto kuphela uma beyidinga. Ngokwezibalo, abantu abangafika kwabayi-10 bangasebenzisa imoto eyodwa eqashiwe ngosuku, izinzuzo zalokhu zikhulu kakhulu: ngaphandle kwemoto yakho, awuhlali ezindaweni zokupaka, futhi unciphisa ukugeleza kwezimoto. Futhi futhi ukuqeqesha abashayeli ekushayeleni okunengqondo, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokulawula ukugeleza kwethrafikhi, okuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwethrafikhi nokunciphisa inani lokuminyana kwezimoto.
Izithuthi zomuntu siqu ezinamasondo amabili nezikagesi edolobheni amabhayisikili, ama-scooters, ama-scooters kagesi, ama-segway, ama-unicycles, ama-gyro scooters nama-skateboard kagesi. Ukuthutha ngogesi okuhlangene kuwumkhuba wesimanje okuvumela ukuthi uhambe ngokushesha edolobheni, isivinini singafinyelela ku-25 km / h. Ukuhamba okunjalo kuthuthukisa isimo nge-traffic jams, izindawo zokupaka mahhala, ngoba abanye abantu abasha bayakujabulela ukushintsha kusuka ezimotweni zabo kuya kuma-scooters kagesi nama-segways. Kodwa, ngeshwa, kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezabelwe ukunyakaza okunjalo emadolobheni aseRussia, futhi kuphela intando esebenzayo ebonisiwe yabantu abavumelana nokubukeka kwabo ezoshintsha isimo. Ngisho naseMoscow, lapho kubanda khona izinyanga ezingu-5 ngonyaka, ungahamba ngezokuthutha zangasese uma kunemigwaqo ehlukene. Futhi okuhlangenwe nakho kwaseJapane, eDenmark, eFrance, e-Ireland, eCanada kubonisa ukuthi uma kunemizila yebhayisikili ehlukene, abantu basebenzisa ibhayisikili cishe unyaka wonke. Futhi izinzuzo zinkulu! Ukugibela ibhayisikili noma isikuta kuyasiza:
- ukwehla kwesisindo,
- ukuqeqeshwa kwamaphaphu nenhliziyo,
- ukwakhiwa kwemisipha yemilenze nezinqe;
- ngcono ukulala,
- ukwandisa ukubekezela namandla okusebenza,
- ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka,
- ukunciphisa ukuguga.
Ukuqonda lezi zimpikiswano ezingenhla, kunengqondo ukuqala ukuthuthukisa ukuqashwa kwamabhayisikili, ukwakha izindlela zamabhayisikili. Ukukhuthaza lo mbono, iGreenpeace ibamba umkhankaso othi “Ukuya Emsebenzini Ngebhayisikili” minyaka yonke, okubonisa ngesibonelo sabantu ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso impela. Minyaka yonke abantu abaningi bajoyina lo mkhankaso, futhi ngocingo lweGreenpeace, kuvela amaracks amasha eduze kwezikhungo zebhizinisi. Kulo nyaka, njengengxenye yesenzo, amaphuzu wamandla ahlelwe, amiswa yiwo, abantu bangazivuselela noma bathole isipho.
Ukuze ulawule umoya, iGreenpeace kuleli hlobo izosabalalisa amadivayisi okulinganisa ukungcola kumavolontiya avela emadolobheni ahlukene ase-Russia. Amavolontiya ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zamadolobha awo azolenga amashubhu okusakaza akhethekile azonqwabelana izinto eziyingozi, futhi emasontweni ambalwa azoqoqwa futhi athunyelwe elabhorethri. Ekwindla iGreenpeace izothola isithombe sokungcoliswa komoya emadolobheni ezwe lethu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlangano idale imephu eku-inthanethi ebonisa ulwazi oluvela eziteshini zokulawula ezihlukahlukene ukuze ibonise ukuthi umoya wenhloko-dolobha ungcoliswe kangakanani. Esizeni ungabona izinkomba zokungcola okungu-15 futhi uqonde ukuthi ihambisana kanjani nemvelo indawo ohlala kuyo nalapho usebenza khona.
IGreenpeace yenze ngokusemthethweni imininingwane yayo yocwaningo, eqoqwe kanye neNational Center for Transportation Research, embikweni othunyelwa kuziphathimandla zamadolobha amakhulu. Umbiko kufanele ukhombise ubuqiniso besayensi bezinyathelo ezihlongozwayo. Kodwa ngaphandle kokusekelwa abantu abavamile, njengoba umkhuba ubonisile, iziphathimandla azijahi ukwenza okuthile, ngakho-ke iGreenpeace iqoqa isikhalazo ekusekeleni kwakhe. Kuze kube manje, sekuqoqwe amasignesha angama-29. Kodwa lokhu akwanele, kuyadingeka ukuqoqa izinkulungwane eziyikhulu ukuze isikhalazo sithathwe njengesibalulekile, ngoba kuze kube yilapho iziphathimandla zibona ukuthi le ndaba ikhathaza abantu, akukho lutho oluzoshintsha.
Ungakhombisa ukweseka kwakho izenzo zeGreenpeace ngokuvele uye kuyo futhi uyisayine emashumini ambalwa emizuzwana. Umoya wena nomndeni wakho owuphefumulayo uncike kuwe!