Okuqukethwe
Ukwethulwa okubukwayo kolwazi kusiza ekuboneni kwayo. Mhlawumbe indlela elula yokuguqula idatha eyomile ibe ifomu elifinyeleleka ngokubonakalayo ukudala amagrafu namathebula. Akekho umhlaziyi ongakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwabo.
Amagrafu anenani lezinzuzo kunezinye izindlela zokwethula ulwazi ngokubuka. Okokuqala, zikuvumela ukuthi ucubungule ngokushesha amanani ezinombolo atholakalayo futhi wenze izibikezelo ezithile. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuhlela kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukufaneleka kwedatha yezinombolo etholakalayo, ngoba amaphutha angase avele ngemva kokudalwa kwesimiso.
Siyabonga uNkulunkulu i-Excel yenza ukwakha amashadi kube inqubo elula nelula, esekelwe nje emananini ezinombolo akhona.
Ukudala igrafu ku-Excel kungenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngayinye enezinzuzo ezibalulekile kanye nemikhawulo. Kodwa ake sibheke yonke into ngokuningiliziwe.
Igrafu yoshintsho oluyisisekelo
Igrafu iyadingeka uma umuntu edingeka ukuthi abonise ukuthi inkomba ethile ishintshe kangakanani phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi. Futhi igrafu evamile yanele ukuqedela lo msebenzi, kodwa imidwebo ehlukahlukene eningilizayo empeleni ingenza ulwazi lufundeke kancane.
Ake sithi sinetafula elihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nemali engenayo yenkampani phakathi neminyaka emihlanu edlule.
Okubalulekile. Lezi zibalo azimeli idatha yangempela futhi kungenzeka zingabi namaqiniso. Ahlinzekelwe ngezinjongo zemfundo kuphela.
Bese uye kuthebhu ethi "Faka", lapho unethuba lokukhetha uhlobo lweshadi elizofaneleka esimweni esithile.
Sinentshisekelo ohlotsheni "lwegrafu". Ngemva kokuchofoza inkinobho ehambisanayo, iwindi elinezilungiselelo zokuvela kweshadi lesikhathi esizayo lizovela. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi iyiphi inketho efanelekile esimweni esithile, ungahambisa igundane lakho phezu kohlobo oluthile futhi kuzovela ukwaziswa okuhambisanayo.
Ngemva kokukhetha uhlobo lweshadi olufunayo, udinga ukukopisha ithebula ledatha bese ulixhuma kugrafu. Umphumela uzoba okulandelayo.
Esimweni sethu, umdwebo ubonisa imigqa emibili. Eyokuqala ibomvu. Eyesibili iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Asikudingi okwakamuva, ngakho-ke singakususa ngokukukhetha futhi ngokuchofoza inkinobho ethi "Susa". Njengoba sinomugqa owodwa kuphela, inganekwane (ibhulokhi elinamagama emigqa yeshadi ngalinye) nayo ingasuswa. Kodwa omaka baqanjwe kangcono. Thola iphaneli yamathuluzi eshadi kanye nebhulokhi yamalebula edatha kuthebhu ethi Isakhiwo. Lapha kufanele unqume indawo yezinombolo.
Izimbazo zinconywa ukuthi ziqanjwe ukuze zinikeze ukufundeka okukhulu kwegrafu. Kuthebhu ethi Isakhiwo, thola imenyu Yezihloko ze-Axis bese usetha igama lama-eksisi aqondile noma avundlile, ngokulandelanayo.
Kodwa ungenza ngokuphepha ngaphandle kwekhanda. Ukuze uyisuse, udinga ukuyihambisa endaweni yegrafu engabonakali emehlweni okubuka (ngaphezulu kwayo). Uma usasidinga isihloko seshadi, ungakwazi ukufinyelela zonke izilungiselelo ezidingekayo ngemenyu ethi “Isihloko Seshadi” kuthebhu efanayo. Ungaphinde ukuthole ngaphansi kwethebhu ethi Isakhiwo.
Esikhundleni senombolo ye-serial yonyaka wokubika, kwanele ukushiya kuphela unyaka ngokwawo. Khetha amanani oyifunayo bese uchofoza kwesokudla kuwo. Bese uchofoza ku-"Khetha Idatha" - "Shintsha ilebula ye-eksisi evundlile". Okulandelayo, udinga ukusetha ububanzi. Esimweni sethu, lena ikholomu yokuqala yetafula engumthombo wolwazi. Umphumela yilokhu.
Kodwa ngokuvamile, ungashiya konke, lolu hlelo lusebenza kakhulu. Kodwa uma kunesidingo sokwenza umklamo okhangayo weshadi, khona-ke ithebhu ethi "Umklami" isenkonzweni yakho, ekuvumela ukuthi ucacise umbala wangemuva weshadi, ifonti yalo, futhi ulibeke kwelinye ishidi.
Ukudala Isakhiwo Esinama-Curves Amaningi
Ake sithi kudingeka sibonise kubatshalizimali hhayi nje kuphela inzuzo yonke yebhizinisi, kodwa futhi nokuthi izimpahla zalo zizobiza malini sezizonke. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, inani lolwazi liye landa.
Naphezu kwalokhu, awukho umehluko oyisisekelo endleleni yokudala igrafu uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo achazwe ngenhla. Ukuthi nje manje inganekwane kufanele ishiywe, ngoba umsebenzi wayo wenziwa ngokuphelele.
Ukudala i-eksisi yesibili
Yiziphi izinyathelo okudingeka zithathwe ukuze kwakhiwe enye i-eksisi eshadini? Uma sisebenzisa amayunithi e-metric avamile, khona-ke amathiphu achazwe ekuqaleni kufanele asetshenziswe. Uma izinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha zisetshenziswa, kuzomele kwengezwe i-eksisi eyodwa ngaphezulu.
Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, udinga ukwakha igrafu evamile, njengokungathi usebenzisa amayunithi we-metric afanayo.
Ngemva kwalokho, i-eksisi eyinhloko iyagqanyiswa. Bese ushayela imenyu yokuqukethwe. Kuzoba nezinto eziningi kuyo, enye yazo “ifomethi yochungechunge lwedatha”. Idinga ukucindezelwa. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzovela iwindi lapho udinga ukuthola khona into yemenyu ethi “Izinketho Zomugqa”, bese usetha inketho ethi “Eceleni kwe-axiliary axis”.
Okulandelayo, vala iwindi.
Kodwa lokhu kungenye yezindlela ezingenzeka. Akekho ozihluphayo, isibonelo, ukusebenzisa ishadi lohlobo oluhlukile ku-eksisi yesibili. Sidinga ukunquma ukuthi yimuphi umugqa odinga ukuthi sengeze i-eksisi eyengeziwe, bese uchofoza kwesokudla kuwo bese ukhetha "Shintsha Uhlobo Lweshadi Lochungechunge".
Okulandelayo, udinga ukwenza ngokwezifiso "ukubukeka" komugqa wesibili. Sanquma ukunamathela eshadini lebha.
Nakhu ukuthi kulula kangakanani. Kwanele ukwenza ukuchofoza okumbalwa kuphela, futhi kuvela enye i-eksisi, elungiselelwe ipharamitha ehlukile.
I-Excel: Isu Lokudala Igrafu Yomsebenzi
Lona sekuwumsebenzi ongabalulekile, futhi ukuze uwuqedele, udinga ukwenza izinyathelo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Dala ithebula elisebenza njengomthombo wolwazi. Okokuqala udinga ukunquma ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi ozosetshenziswa ngokukhethekile esimweni sakho. Ngokwesibonelo, y=x(√x - 2). Kulokhu, sizokhetha inani elingu-0,3 njengesinyathelo esisetshenzisiwe.
- Empeleni, yakha igrafu.
Ngakho, sidinga ukwakha itafula elinamakholomu amabili. Eyokuqala i-eksisi evundlile (okungukuthi, X), eyesibili imile (Y). Umugqa wesibili uqukethe inani lokuqala, esimweni sethu munye. Emgqeni wesithathu, udinga ukubhala inani elizoba ngu-0,3 ngaphezu kwangaphambilini. Lokhu kungenziwa kokubili ngosizo lwezibalo ezizimele, futhi ngokubhala ifomula ngokuqondile, okuyinto kithi izoba kanje:
=A2+0,3.
Ngemva kwalokho, udinga ukusebenzisa ukuqedela ngokuzenzakalela kumaseli alandelayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha amaseli A2 no-A3 bese uhudulela ibhokisi enambeni edingekayo yemigqa phansi.
Kukholomu eqondile, sibonisa ifomula esetshenziselwa ukuhlela igrafu yomsebenzi ngokusekelwe kufomula eqediwe. Endabeni yesibonelo sethu, lokhu kungaba =A2*(IMpande(A2-2). Ngemva kwalokho, uqinisekisa izenzo zakhe ngokhiye we-Enter, futhi uhlelo luzobala umphumela ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Okulandelayo, udinga ukwakha ishidi elisha noma ushintshele kwelinye, kodwa eselivele likhona. Yiqiniso, uma kunesidingo esiphuthumayo, ungafaka umdwebo lapha (ngaphandle kokugcina ishidi elihlukile lalo msebenzi). Kodwa kuphela ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi kunendawo eningi yamahhala. Bese uchofoza izinto ezilandelayo: "Faka" - "Ishadi" - "Scatter".
Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lweshadi ofuna ukulisebenzisa. Ngokuqhubekayo, ukuchofoza kwegundane kwesokudla kwenziwa kuleyo ngxenye yomdwebo lapho idatha izonqunywa khona. Okusho ukuthi, ngemva kokuvula imenyu yokuqukethwe, kufanele uchofoze inkinobho ethi "Khetha idatha".
Okulandelayo, udinga ukukhetha ikholomu yokuqala, bese uchofoza "Engeza". Kuzovela ibhokisi lengxoxo, lapho kuzoba khona izilungiselelo zegama lochungechunge, kanye namanani ezimbazo ezivundlile nezime mpo.
Hurray, umphumela uwukuthi, futhi kubukeka kukuhle kakhulu.
Ngokufanayo negrafu eyakhiwe ekuqaleni, ungakwazi ukususa inganekwane, njengoba sinomugqa owodwa kuphela, futhi asikho isidingo sokuwufaka ilebula.
Kodwa kunenkinga eyodwa - awekho amanani ku-X-axis, inani lamaphuzu kuphela. Ukuze ulungise le nkinga, udinga ukuqamba le eksisi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuchofoza kwesokudla kuso, bese ukhetha "Khetha Idatha" - "Shintsha Amalebula e-Axis Evundlile". Ngemva kokuqeda le misebenzi, isethi edingekayo yamanani iyakhethwa, futhi igrafu izobukeka kanje.
Ungawahlanganisa kanjani amashadi amaningi
Ukuze udale amagrafu amabili enkundleni efanayo, awudingi amakhono akhethekile. Ukuze uqale, udinga ukwengeza ikholomu elandelayo ngomsebenzi Z=X(√x – 3).
Ukuze kucace kakhudlwana, nali itafula.
Sithola amaseli anolwazi oludingekayo bese siwakhetha. Ngemuva kwalokho, zidinga ukufakwa emdwebeni. Uma okuthile kungahambi ngokohlelo (isibonelo, amagama emigqa okungalungile noma izinombolo ezingalungile ku-eksisi zibhalwe ngephutha), ungasebenzisa into ethi "Khetha idatha" futhi uzihlele. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzovela igrafu enjengale, lapho imigqa emibili ihlanganiswa ndawonye.
Iziza Zokuncika
Lolu uhlobo lwegrafu lapho okuqukethwe komugqa owodwa noma ikholomu kuthinta khona umphumela wenye. Ukuyidala, udinga ukwakha ipuleti elifana naleli.
Imibandela yeshejuli: А = f (E); В = f (E); С = f (E); D = f (E).
Esimweni sethu, sidinga ukuthola isakhiwo sokuhlakazeka esinamakaki namajika abushelelezi, ngoba lolu hlobo lufaneleka kakhulu emisebenzini yethu. Bese uchofoza izinkinobho ezilandelayo: Khetha idatha - Engeza. Igama lomugqa malithi “A” futhi amanani angu-X abe amanani A. Ngokulandelayo, amanani aqondile azoba amanani ka-E. Chofoza okuthi “Engeza” futhi. Umugqa wesibili uzobizwa ngokuthi B, futhi amanani atholakala eduze kwe-eksisi ka-X azoba kukholamu B, futhi eduze kwe-eksisi eqondile - kukholomu E. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lonke ithebula lidalwa kusetshenziswa lo mshini.
Ukwenza ngokwezifiso Ukubukeka Kwegrafu ye-Excel
Ngemuva kokudalwa kweshadi, udinga ukunaka okukhethekile ukulimisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukubukeka kwayo kukhange. Izimiso zokusetha ziyefana, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lohlelo olusetshenzisiwe.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi noma yimuphi umdwebo uyinto eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, kuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningi ezincane. Ngayinye yazo ingalungiswa ngokubiza imenyu yokuqukethwe.
Lapha udinga ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokusetha amapharamitha ajwayelekile eshadi nezinto ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ulungiselele izici zayo eziyisisekelo, udinga ukuchofoza isizinda somdwebo. Ngemuva kwalokho, uhlelo luzobonisa iphaneli encane lapho ungaphatha khona amapharamitha ajwayelekile, kanye nezinto ezahlukahlukene zemenyu lapho ungazilungiselela khona kalula.
Ukuze usethe ingemuva leshadi, udinga ukukhetha into ethi "Ifomethi Yendawo Yeshadi". Uma izakhiwo zezinto ezithile zilungiswa, inani lezinto zemenyu lizokwehla kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukuze uhlele inganekwane, mane ushayele imenyu yokuqukethwe bese uchofoza entweni lapho, ehlala iqala ngegama elithi “Fometha”. Ngokuvamile ungayithola phansi kakhulu kumenyu yokuqukethwe.
Imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile yokudala amagrafu
Kunezincomo ezimbalwa zokuthi ungawakha kanjani kahle amagrafu ukuze afundeke futhi afundise:
- Awudingi ukusebenzisa imigqa eminingi kakhulu. Kubili nje okuthathu kwanele. Uma udinga ukukhombisa ulwazi olwengeziwe, kungcono ukwakha igrafu ehlukile.
- Udinga ukunaka ngokukhethekile inganekwane, kanye nezimbazo. Ukuthi zisayinwe kahle kangakanani kuncike ekutheni kuzoba lula kangakanani ukufunda ishadi. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba noma yiliphi ishadi lidalelwe ukwenza lula ukwethulwa kolwazi oluthile, kodwa uma likhulunywa ngokunganaki, kuzoba nzima ngomuntu ukuthi aliqonde.
- Nakuba ungenza ngokwezifiso ukubukeka kweshadi, akunconywa ukusebenzisa imibala eminingi kakhulu. Lokhu kuzomdida umuntu ofunda imidwebo.
iziphetho
Ngamagama alula, kulula kakhulu ukwenza igrafu usebenzisa uhla oluthile lwamanani njengomthombo wedatha. Kwanele ukucindezela izinkinobho ezimbalwa, futhi uhlelo luzokwenza okusele ngokwalo. Vele, ukuze uthole ubuhlakani obuchwepheshile baleli thuluzi, udinga ukuzijwayeza kancane.
Uma ulandela izincomo ezijwayelekile zokudala amashadi, kanye nokuklama kahle ishadi ngendlela yokuthi uthole isithombe esihle kakhulu nesifundisayo esingeke sibangele ubunzima lapho usifunda.