I-trochanter enkulu (evela kwi-Greek trokhantêr) yakha enye yezingxenye zesifazane, ithambo elilodwa lethanga eliphakathi kwesinqe nedolo.

Isikhundla. I-trochanter enkulu ibekwe engxenyeni engenhla yokuxhuma kwentamo nenhloko ye-femur. Ihlanganiswe ngokuma, eyokugcina yakha ithambo elide kakhulu futhi imele ngokwesilinganiso ikota yobukhulu bomzimba. (1) Futhi liyithambo elikhulu kunawo wonke emzimbeni womuntu futhi lakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu:

• isiphetho esiseduze, esinqeni futhi sakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu (1):

  - ikhanda le-femur, elise-acetabulum, umgodi wamathambo we-coxal, owenza i-hip;

  - intamo ye-femur exhumanisa ikhanda ne-diaphysis;

  - ama-trochanters amakhulu namancane, amaphrojekthi we-bony, abekwe ezingeni lokuxhuma kwentamo nekhanda.

• ukuphela okukude, okukhona ezingeni lamadolo;
• i-diaphysis, noma umzimba, ingxenye emaphakathi yethambo etholakala phakathi kwemikhawulo emibili.

Ukwakheka. I-trochanter enkulu ukugqama kwamathambo okwakha indawo yokufakwa kwemisipha eminingi (2):

• imisipha ye-pyramidal engaphezulu kwayo;
• i-gluteus medius (noma i-gluteus medius) kanye nemisipha ye-vastus lateralis endaweni yayo eseceleni;
• i-gluteus minimus (noma i-gluteus minimus) kanye nemisipha ye-vastus lateralis ebusweni bayo bangaphandle;
• imisipha ye-obturator kanye namawele ebusweni bayo obuphakathi

Ukudluliswa kwesisindo. Ingxenye ebalulekile ye-femur, i-trochanter enkulu ibandakanyekile ekudlulisweni kwesisindo somzimba kusuka ethangeni le-hip kuya e-tibia. (3)

Amandla omzimba. Njengoba kunikezwe amaphuzu ahlukile okufakwa kwemisipha, i-trochanter enkulu inikela ekhonweni lomzimba lokunyakaza nokugcina ukuma okuqondile. (3)

Ubuhlungu bungazwakala ku-trochanter enkulu. Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yisifo esibuhlungu se-trochanter enkulu (4). Izimbangela zalobu buhlungu ziyahlukahluka kepha ikakhulukazi zingaba yimvelaphi ehlukumezayo, yokuzalwa noma yesimila.

Izifo zamathambo. I-trochanter enkulu ingathinteka yi-bone pathologies.

• I-osteoporosis. Le pathology yenza ukulahleka kwamathambo okutholakala kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-60. Kugcizelela ubucayi bamathambo futhi kuthuthukise izikweletu. (5)
• Umdlavuza wamathambo. Ama-metastases angakhula emathanjeni. Lawa maseli omdlavuza avame ukuvela kumdlavuza oyinhloko kwesinye isitho. (6)

Ukuphuka kwabesifazane. Ukwephuka kwezinsikazi okuvame kakhulu yilokho okusentanyeni ye-femur, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile abane-osteoporosis. Kungenzeka futhi ku-trochanter enkulu. Ukuqhekeka kwe-femur kubonakala ngobuhlungu okhalweni.

I-Coxarthrosis. Le pathology ihambelana nokuguga nokudamba koqwanga lwelunga le-hip.

I-Tendinopathies trochantériennes. I-tendinopathies etholakala ematendonini ingenzeka esifundeni se-trochanter enkulu (4). Kubonakala ikakhulukazi ngobuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla. Izimbangela zala ma-pathologies ziyahlukahluka futhi zingaba zombili imvelaphi engaphakathi enezakhi zofuzo, kanye ne-extrinsic, ngokwesibonelo izikhundla ezimbi ngesikhathi somkhuba wezemidlalo.

Ukwelashwa. Ngokuya ngesimo esitholakale, imishanguzo ethile ingabekwa ukulawula noma ukuqinisa izicubu zethambo, kanye nokwehlisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokwephuka, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngokubekwa kwezikhonkwane, ipuleti eligciniwe isikulufa, isilungisi sangaphandle noma kwezinye izimo isitho sokufakelwa.

Ukwelashwa kwamathambo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokwephuka, ukufakwa kosimende noma i-resin kungenziwa.

Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba. Izindlela zokwelashwa ngokomzimba, ezinjenge-physiotherapy noma i-physiotherapy, zingahle zinqunywe.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Hormonal, i-radiotherapy noma i-chemotherapy. Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zingabekwa ngokuya ngohlobo nesigaba somdlavuza.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuxilongwa kuqala ngokuhlolwa kobuhlungu obubonwa yisiguli engxenyeni engezansi nasesinqeni.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ngokuya nge-pathology esolwayo noma efakazelwe, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezengeziwe njenge-X-ray, i-ultrasound, i-CT scan, i-MRI, i-scintigraphy noma i-densitometry yethambo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezokwelapha. Ukuze ubone izifo ezithile, ukuhlaziywa kwegazi noma komchamo kungenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, isilinganiso se-phosphorus noma i-calcium.

I-biopsy yamathambo. Kwezinye izimo, kuthathwa isampula lamathambo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

NgoDisemba 2015, umagazini i-PLOS ONE wethula udaba olumayelana nokutholwa kwesifazane esivela ohlotsheni lwangaphambi kwesikhathi. (7) Latholwa ngonyaka we-1989 eChina, leli thambo alizange lifundwe kuze kube ngu-2012. Njengoba lisukela emuva eminyakeni eyi-14, leli thambo libukeka lingelolohlobo olusondela kuHomo mobile orHomo erectus ekugcineni. Abantu bakudala bebengasinda kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-Ice Age yokugcina, eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule. Lokhu kutholakala kungakhombisa ukuba khona kohlu olusha lokuziphendukela kwemvelo (000).