Okuqukethwe
Ungayisetha kanjani indlu yakho noma ifulethi "à la Montessori"? U-Nathalie Petit unikeza iseluleko "sendawo elungiselelwe". Ekhishini, ekamelweni lokulala ... lisinika imibono.
UMontessori: uhlela ukungena endlini yakhe. Kwenziwa kanjani?
Kusukela emnyango, kungenzeka ukubayenza izinguquko ezilula ezihamba ngendlela yeMontessori. “Ungabeka ihhuku lejazi endaweni yomntwana ukuze alengise ibhantshi lakhe; kuchaza uNathalie Petit, isihlalo esincane noma ibhentshi ahlale kulo futhi akhumule izicathulo zakhe, kanye nendawo azozibeka kuyo yedwa. “ Kancane kancane, ufunda kanjalo ukuthuthukisa ukuzimela kwakhe: isibonelo izimpawu zokukhumula futhi ukugqoka yedwa : “Isihluthulelo siwukusho yonke into esiyenzayo: 'Lapho, sizophuma ngakho ngizogqoka ijazi lakho, amasokisi afudumele, kuqala unyawo lwakho lwangakwesokunxele, bese unyawo lwakho lwangakwesokudla'… Chaza konke ukuze ulethe. ukuzimela. “ Lo ngoti ucacisa ukuthi uma kuvame ukuba nezibuko eziphakeme zabantu abadala emnyango, kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi kubekwe esinye phansi ukuze ingane izibone futhi ibe muhle ngaphambi kokuthi iphume.
I-Montessori ekhaya: indlela yokusetha igumbi lokuphumula?
Leli gumbi elimaphakathi efulethini ngalinye ligxile imisebenzi evamile, isikhathi semidlalo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukudla. Ngakho-ke kungase kube ukuhlakanipha ukuyihlela kancane ukuze ingane yakho ikwazi hlanganyela ngokugcwele ekuphileni komkhaya. U-Nathalie Petit weluleka ukuba ahlukaniselwe “indawo enenkundla eyodwa noma ezimbili zomsebenzi wakhe. Ngihlala ngincoma umata ongu-40 x 40 cm ongagoqwa futhi ubekwe endaweni eyodwa, futhi wenze ingane iwukhiphe ngomsebenzi ngamunye. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi amnike isikhala esithile, esimqinisekisa ngokugwema ukukhetha okuningi. “
Ngesikhathi sokudla, kungenzeka ukuthi umnike udle ekuphakameni kwakhe, kodwa umlobi ubheka ukuthi kumelwe ngokufanayo ukuthi “kujabulise nakubazali. Nokho, etafuleni eliphansi, angaqala ukusika ubhanana ngommese onesihloko esiyindilinga, enze ukudluliselwa, amakhekhe… ”
Ubufakazi buka-Alexander: “Ngizivimbele izinhlelo zemivuzo nezijeziso. “
“Ngaqala ukuba nentshisekelo ku-Montessori pedagogy ngenkathi indodakazi yami yokuqala izalwa ngo-2010. Ngafunda izincwadi zikaMaria Montessori futhi ngamangazwa umbono wakhe wengane. Ukhuluma kakhulu ngokuzithiba, ukuthuthukiswa kokuzethemba… ngakho bengifuna ukubona ukuthi lolu hlelo lokufundisa luyasebenza ngempela yini, ukuze ngilukhombise emsebenzini nsuku zonke. Ngike ngavakashela i-France cishe ezikoleni ezingamashumi amabili zaseMontessori futhi ngakhetha isikole i-Jeanne d'Arc e-Roubaix, esidala kunazo zonke e-France, lapho ukufundisa kwaso kuboniswa ngendlela eyisibonelo. Ngaqala ukushutha ifilimu yami ngoMashi 2015, futhi ngahlala lapho isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Encwadini ethi "Inkosi yingane", bengifuna ukukhombisa ukuthi ingane iholwa kanjani yinkosi yangaphakathi: unamandla okuzifundisa uma ethola indawo ekahle yalokhu. Kuleli klasi, elihlanganisa izingane ezingu-28 zasenkulisa ezineminyaka engu-3 kuya kweyisithupha, singabona ngokucacile ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuhlalisana kwabantu: abantu abadala basiza abancane, izingane zibambisane ... ngaphandle. Amadodakazi ami, 6 no-6, afunda ezikoleni zaseMontessori futhi mina ngaqeqeshelwa ukufundisa eMontessori. Ekhaya, ngisebenzisa ezinye zezimiso zalesi simiso sokufundisa: Ngibheka izingane zami ukuze zondle izidingo zazo, ngizama ukuzivumela ukuba zizenzele ngokwazo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngivimbele izinhlelo zemivuzo nezijeziso: izingane kufanele ziqonde ukuthi okokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu kuzona ukuthi zithuthuke, ukuthi zenze ukunqoba okuncane nsuku zonke. “
U-Alexandre Mourot, umqondisi wefilimu ethi "The master is the child", ekhishwe ngo-September 2017
IZIcaphuno EZIQOQWE NGU-SÉGOLÈNE BARBÉ
Indlela yokuhlela igumbi lomntwana isitayela se-Montessori?
“Kungcono sikhethe umbhede phansi hhayi ngezinsimbi, futhi lokhu kusukela ezinyangeni ezi-2, kuchaza uNathalie Petit. Lokhu kumvumela ukuba abe nombono obanzi wendawo yakhe futhi uzokwazi ukunyakaza kalula. Ithuthukisa ilukuluku lakhe. “
Ngaphandle kwemithetho eyisisekelo yokuphepha njengokufaka izembozo zesokhethi, amashalofu agxilwe kahle odongeni ngo-20 noma 30 cm ukusuka emhlabathini ukuze angabi sengozini yokuwela phezu kwakhe, umqondo ungaphezu kwakho konke ukuthi ingane ingakwazi. hamba ngokukhululeka futhi ube nokufinyelela kukho konke.
Ikamelo lokulala kufanele lihlukaniswe libe yizikhala: “Indawo yokulala, indawo yokusebenza enocansi oluvusayo nezihambahambayo ezixhunywe odongeni, indawo enikelwe ukushintsha nendawo enebhentshi noma i-ottoman nezincwadi okumele kuthuleke. . Cishe eminyakeni engu-2-3 ubudala, sengeza indawo enetafula lekhofi ukuze akwazi ukudweba. Iphutha lithi gcwalisa igumbi ngamathoyizi amaningi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: “Izinto noma izithombe eziningi kakhulu ziyayikhathaza ingane. Kungcono ukugcina amathoyizi amahlanu noma ayisithupha kubhasikidi, owashintsha nsuku zonke. Kuze kube yiminyaka engu-5, ingane ayikwazi ukukhetha, ngakho-ke uma inakho konke onakho, ngeke ikwazi ukulungisa ukunaka kwayo. Singakwenza ukuzungezisa ithoyizi : Ngikhipha izilwane zasemapulazini, iphazili, iloli lezicishamlilo futhi yilokho. Singasebenzisa izinto zansuku zonke ezithandwa izingane: ibhulashi, ipeni… Ingahlala ekucabangeni kwezinzwa imizuzu emide. »Ekugcineni, uNathalie Petit uyancoma beka isibuko odongeni ukuze umntwana azibonele: “Kunjengomngane omphelezelayo, uyoyikhotha, enze ubuso, ahleke. Ungakwazi futhi ukunamathisela induku yekhethini engu-45 cm ukusuka phansi ngaphezu kwesibuko ukuze ikwazi ukuzidonsa futhi ifunde ukusukuma. “
I-Montessori: silingana negumbi lethu lokugezela
Ngokuvamile kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuhlela indlu yokugezela, equkethe eziningi imikhiqizo enobuthi esingafuni ukuthi ingane ifinyelele kuyo. Kodwa-ke, uNathalie Petit uchaza ukuthi kungenzeka, ngokudala okuncane, ukuletha abanye Montessori ukuthinta kuleli gumbi: “Ngokwesibonelo, singathatha isihlalo sokhuni, emakethe yamasekeni, lapho simba khona umgodi ukuze sibeke umcengezi nesibuko endaweni engemuva. Ngakho, ingane ingakwazi ukukhanda izinwele zayo futhi ixube amazinyo ayo yedwa. “Kalula nje, uma unobhavu wokugeza, kuyenzeka ukuthi ugeze indishi ukuze azigeze yena izandla namazinyo. Uhlelo olufaneleka kakhulu kunesinyathelo, ngokusho kochwepheshe.
Dala ikhishi lakho emoyeni waseMontessori
Uma ikhishi likhulu, “ungalenga isikhala odongeni eduze kwetafula elincane lekhofi elinezitsha, ngisho neziphukayo. Kufanele sizikhulule ekwesabeni abazali. Lapho simethemba ngokwengeziwe, yilapho ezoziqhenya kakhulu ngaye. Uma ubuso bethu bubonisa imizwa yokwesaba, umntwana uyoba nokwesaba, kanti uma efunda ukuzethemba, kumnika ukuzethemba. “
Ukuze ahlanganyele ekuphekeni, uNathalie Petit utusa nokuba kwamukelwe i-Montessori Observation Tower: “Uzakhela wena ngesinyathelo namathuluzi ambalwa. Akuthathi isikhala esiningi futhi ezinyangeni ezingu-18 usengakwazi kakade ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini ethile ekhishini. »Futhi efrijini, indawo ephansi inganikelwa kuye ngeziphuzo zezithelo, ukudla okulula, ama-compote ... Izinto angakwazi ukuzibamba ngaphandle kwengozi.
Ikhishi liyindawo ekahle yokwenza imisebenzi emoyeni waseMontessori, ngoba ingane ingakwazi ukuphatha kalula, ukuxova, ukuthulula ...
Ubufakazi bukaClaire: “Amadodakazi ami ayakwazi ukulungisa ikhekhe. “
“Ngaba nentshisekelo ku-Montessori pedagogy ngoba ihambisana nomsebenzi wami njengothisha onguchwepheshe. Ngafunda izincwadi, ngalandela izifundo zokuqeqeshwa, ngibuka amavidiyo ka-Céline Alvarez… Le mfundiso yokufundisa ngiyisebenzisa ekhaya, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yokuphila okungokoqobo kanye nezinzwa. Ngokushesha kwahlangabezana nezidingo zamadodakazi ami amabili, ikakhulukazi u-Edene okhuthele kakhulu. Uthanda ukukhohlisa nokuhlola. Ngimethula endaweni yokusebenzela ngayinye kancane kakhulu. Ngiyamkhombisa ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthatha isikhathi sakhe nokubhekisisa kahle. Amadodakazi ami akhathazeke kakhulu, afunde ukucabanga, ukuzikhandla. Ngisho noma bengaphumeleli okokuqala, banezindlela “zokulungisa” noma zokuguquka, lokho kuyingxenye yesipiliyoni. Ekhaya, kwakunzima ukuqoqa i-Edeni. Sifaka izithombe ngohlobo lwezingubo emakhabetheni, okufanayo kumathoyizi. Sabe sesibona intuthuko yangempela. I-Edeni iqoqa kalula. Ngiyasihlonipha isigqi samadodakazi ami, imizwa yawo. Angibaphoqi ukuthi baqoqe, kodwa konke kwenziwa ukuze bafune ukukwenza! Ekhishini, izitsha zifanelekile. Njengoba u-Yaëlle ekwazi ukufunda izinombolo, ubeka ibhande lokunwebeka enkomishini yokulinganisa ukuze i-Edene ithele amanani afanele. Bangakwazi ukuphatha ukulungiswa kwekhekhe kuze kube kubhaka. Kuyangijabulisa lokho abakwaziyo ukukwenza. Ngibonga uMontessori, ngibavumela ukuthi bafunde izinto eziwusizo abazicelayo. Kuyinhlanganisela enhle kakhulu yokuzimela nokuzihlonipha. “
U-CLAIRE, unina ka-Yaëlle, oneminyaka engu-7, no-Edene, oneminyaka emi-4
Ingxoxo kaDorothée Blancheton
Ubufakazi buka-Elsa: “Ezifundweni zokufundisa zaseMontessori, ezinye izinto kufanele zithathwe, ezinye azithathwa. “
“Ngikhulelwe, ngabheka kulo mkhakha wokufundisa. Ngazuzwa ngokuvumela ingane ikhule ngesivinini sayo, ngenkululeko enkulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngagqugquzelwa izinto ezithile: izingane zethu zilala kumatilasi phansi, sithanda imidlalo yamapulangwe, simise ihuku ekuphakameni kwazo emnyango ukuze zibeke amajazi azo ... Kodwa ezinye izici ziqine kakhulu ngendlela engiyithandayo futhi athi ukukhungatheka. Nathi, amathoyizi aqoqwe esifubeni esikhulu hhayi emashalofini amancane. Asizikhombanga izikhala ezine (zokulala, ukushintsha, ukudla kanye nemisebenzi) ekamelweni labo. Asizange sikhethe itafula elincane nezihlalo zokudla. Sincamela ukuthi badle ezihlalweni eziphakeme kunokuba baqosheme ukuze babasize. Kuntofontofo futhi kuyavumelana ukudla ndawonye! Mayelana nokuhlonipha isigqi, akulula. Sinezingqinamba zesikhathi futhi kufanele sibambe izinto ngesandla. Futhi impahla yaseMontessori ibiza kakhulu. Uma kungenjalo, kufanele ukwenze, kodwa kuthatha isikhathi, ukuba umsizi futhi ube nesikhala sokufaka usinki omncane ekuphakameni kwawo, isibonelo. Silondoloze lokho okusebenza kangcono kuwo wonke umuntu! ”
U-Elsa, umama kaManon noMarcel, onezinyanga eziyi-18.
Ingxoxo kaDorothée Blancheton