A ukungezwani kokudla kuwukusabela okungavamile nokungalingani kwamasosha omzimba lapho kudliwa a ukudla.

Ukwaliwa ukudla kuvamile (kuthinta u-1 kuya ku-6% wabantu) futhi kungathinta ukudla okuningi: amakinati (amakinati), amantongomane, inhlanzi, i-shellfish, kodwa nokolo, amaprotheni obisi lwenkomo, i-soy, iqanda, izithelo ezingavamile, njll. , kucatshangelwa ukudla okungaphezu kuka-70 ama-allergen okungenzeka.

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu. Zisuka ekuphathekeni kwesikhashana (ukudabuka, ukucasuka, ukucasuka kwamathumbu) kuya ekuphenduleni okungathí sina okungaba yingozi, okudinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

EYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, amantongomane nama-walnuts, ama-hazelnuts, ama-alimondi awukudla okuvame ukubandakanyeka ekuphenduleni okukhulu okusongela ukuphila.

The ukusabela okweqile ngokuvamile zenzeka phakathi nemizuzu embalwa noma ihora lokugwinya ukudla okonayo.

Akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlonza ngokuqiniseka ukudla okukuphethe kabi. Ukwengeza, kungase kube nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezihlukahlukene (isb. amantongomane nama-alimondi) futhi kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuze uthole ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okuyinkinga, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.

Kukhona izivivinyo eziningana zokuxilonga ukungezwani nokudla. "Uphenyo" lwe-allergic luhlala luqala ngengxoxo no i-allergist obuza ngezimpawu ezizwakalayo kanye nomlando wazo.

Khona-ke kungenzeka ukwenza:

• we izivivinyo isikhumba : ahlanganisa ukuletha amangqamuzana edermis ukuthi athintane nalokho okuthiwa i-allergen. Lezi zivivinyo zesikhumba zihlanganisa ukubeka iconsi le-allergen esikhumbeni bese wenza ukubhoboza okuncane ngethonsi le-reagent, ukuze lingene ku-dermis. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa engalweni noma emhlane. Ungenza eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Emaminithini ayishumi kuya kweyishumi nanhlanu kamuva, sihlola ubukhulu be-edema (noma ububomvu) obakhekile uma kukhona ngempela ukungezwani komzimba.
• un ukuhlolwa kwe-serum IgE : ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuvumela ukubheka ukuba khona kohlobo oluthile lwe-immunoglobulins, i-IgE, izici zokungezwani komzimba. Sibheka ubukhona be-IgE eqondene ne-allergen ehloliwe. Akudingekile ukuba ube esiswini esingenalutho ukwenza lo mthamo.
• we izichibi zokuhlola (noma ukuhlolwa kwezichibi): zingaba usizo ezimweni ezithile zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, isibonelo ekugayeni ukudla noma izimpawu zesikhumba. Zihlanganisa ukugcina i-allergen ithintana nesikhumba ngenxa yomshini ozinamathelayo okungafanele ube manzi noma ususwe ngaphambi kokufunda umphumela ngemva kwamahora angu-48 kuya kwangu-96. Lezi ziqephu zivame ukubekwa phezulu ngemuva.

Uma ukuhlolwa okulodwa noma ngaphezulu okukhulunywe ngenhla kuveza ukuba khona kokungezwani nokudla, udokotela uzokweluleka ngokudla okungafakwanga okuhloswe ukuqeda konke ukudla, okucutshunguliwe noma cha, okuqukethe i-allergen. Lena ukuphela kwendlela yokugwema ukungezwani komzimba.

Uzophinde anikeze izidakamizwa ezilwa nokungezwani komzimba uma kwenzeka kusetshenziswe ngephutha, ikakhulukazi uma ukusabela kubi kakhulu (i-antihistamine, i-corticosteroids noma i-adrenaline emjondolo ozijovayo - i-Epipen eQuebec, e-Anapen eFrance).

Imvamisa, ukungezwani komzimba kuzoqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa kwenselelo yomlomo, okubandakanya ukuphatha i-allergen esibhedlela, ngaphansi kokulawulwa, ngomthamo okhuphuka kancane kancane, njalo ngemizuzu engama-20 kuze kube yilapho ukusabela kwenzeka. Lokhu kuhlola kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwazi inani lokudla elidala izimpawu kanye nokuchaza kangcono uhlobo lwezimpawu.