Okuqukethwe
Ngo-2022, imfashini yezimoto ezinemibala “eqinile” isicishe yaphela. Yize abanye abalandeli be-auto tuning basavala izimoto ngefilimu emnyama. Kanye nochwepheshe, i-Healthy Food Near Me ilungise izinto eziphathelene nenhlawulo yokufaka ama-tin ngo-2022 kanye namazinga akhona kule ndawo.
Ingakanani inhlawulo yokufaka ama-tin ngo-2022
Isijeziso salokhu kuphulwa sibekwe kukhodi yokuphatha (CAO art. 12.5 ingxenye 3.1). Inhlawulo yama-ruble angama-500 inikezwa ngokwephula umthethonqubo. Kuyafana kuzo zonke izifunda zeZwe Lethu nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezokuthutha, kungaba imoto yabagibeli, ibhasi noma iloli.
Nokho, inhlawulo yokufaka ama-tining ingagwenywa. Iphoyisa lomgwaqo linelungelo lokumisa imoto enemibala, liyihlole bese libhala umthetho olandelwayo. Umshayeli angasusa ifilimu emnyama khona lapho. Khona-ke amaphoyisa angakhipha isexwayiso kuphela. Nakuba bengakhokhisa inhlawulo - ngokubona komsebenzi.
Iyiphi i-tinting yemoto esemthethweni
- Ukufakwa kwengilazi ngokweqile kwengilazi yemoto kuchazwa yisishayamthetho njengokufakwa kwengilazi, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okungahlangabezani nezidingo zomthethonqubo wezobuchwepheshe wokuphepha kwezimoto ezinamasondo. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasekukhanyeni kwemibala,” kuchaza UStepan Korbut, ummeli we-NGO Moscow Collegium of Advocates Nozdrya, Mishonov and Partners.
I-windscreen (iphinde ibe yi-windshield), kanjalo namafasitela asemaceleni angaphambili, kumele adlulise okungenani u-70% wokukhanya. Lokhu kubhalwe esigabeni 4.3 somthethonqubo wezobuchwepheshe we-Customs Union "Ngokuphepha kwezimoto ezinamasondo" No. 018/2011. Ulwazi olufanayo lusesigatshaneni 5.1.2.5. I-GOST 32565-2013 "Ingilazi yokuphepha kwezokuthutha zomhlaba".
Okunye okudumile kwabanye abashayeli yilena ebizwa nge-removable tinting. Kungaba ngesimo sefilimu okulula ukuyisusa futhi ibuyisele endaweni, noma amakhethini. Ngokusemthethweni, kuphinde kubhekwe njengokwephulwa, nakuba kususwa khona manjalo.
Ungalibheka kanjani izinga lokufaka imoto ngo-2022
Ngaphambilini, i-GOST ekhethekile yayisebenza Ezweni Lethu, eyayichaza ukuthi ukucwala kufanele kuhlolwe kanjani.
- Okwamanje, izinga lamanje alinazo izidingo zezimo zokuhlola. Awekho amazinga okushisa, akukho umswakama womoya noma izinkomba zokucindezela komkhathi,” kuphawula ummeli uStepan Korbut.
Idivayisi ehlola ukukhanya kwengilazi nokupenda ibizwa ngokuthi i-photometer. Idatha ekhonjiswe yidivayisi, iphoyisa lomgwaqo kumele lingene kuphrothokholi. Akuwona wonke amagajethi afanelekile, kodwa kuphela lawo aqukethwe kurejista yesifunda ye-Rosstandart. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzi mancane amathuba okuba basebenzise imishini engaqinisekisiwe.
Kodwa ingabe azikho ngempela izindinganiso zokulinganisa ukuthayela? Kukhona ukungqubuzana kwezomthetho kule ndawo. Umthethonqubo ubeka ukuncika kumadokhumenti ezobuchwepheshe wedivayisi, ngamanye amazwi, imiyalelo yayo. Isibonelo, kungase kuboniswe lapho ukuthi ukulinganisa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ekushiseni komoya okuhle. Futhi uma umshayeli wemoto enemibala emiswa emakhazeni ashubisa umnkantsha?
Kuvele ukuthi lesi yisizathu sokudlulisa umthetho olandelwayo enkantolo. Kodwa ukunqoba icala ngengxabano enjalo ngeke kusebenze. Konke ngenxa ye-GOST 32565-2013 yamanje - inikezelwe engilazini yokuphepha yokuthutha komhlaba. Idokhumenti ayinazo izimfuneko zemibandela yokukala ukuthayela. Ngakho-ke, amaphoyisa omgwaqo azovele abhekisele kuleli zinga.
- Imizamo yabashayeli yokuphonsela inselelo ukwephulwa lapho bekala ukudluliswa kokukhanya kwe-tinting ihlala inganelisekile, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimo eziphoqelekile zokuhlola ku-GOST. Okusho ukuthi, cishe akunakwenzeka ukufakazela ukwephulwa kwendlela yokuqinisekisa, noma ngabe umshayeli enze ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo, ”kuchaza. UStepan Korbut.
Bangakwazi yini ukususa izinombolo zemoto ukuze zifakwe umbala
Ngesinye isikhathi, amaphoyisa omgwaqo ayenelungelo lokususa izimpawu ezibhalisiwe zikahulumeni ezimotweni ezinemibala egqamile. Kodwa-ke, lesi sigwebo manje asifakiwe kuKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha. Amaphoyisa angafuna kuphela ukuqeda ukwephulwa komthetho khonapho - ukususa ifilimu.
- Ngemva kokukhansela ukukhishwa kwezinombolo nokushiya izinhlawulo kuphela, izandla zabashayeli bezimoto zavele zakhululwa. Izimoto ezinemibala seziqalile ukubonakala kaningi emigwaqweni yezwe lethu, futhi izinsiza zokugingqika ingilazi azihlali ngaphandle kwamakhasimende, ”kukholelwa uchwepheshe we-Healthy Food Near Me.
Nokho, abahloli bamaphoyisa omgwaqo banelinye ithuluzi lokuthonya. Angase akhiphe isexwayiso esibhaliwe. Ibonisa isikhathi sokuqedwa kokungasebenzi kahle. Njengomthetho, akudluli izinsuku eziyi-10. Isexwayiso sifakwe kusizindalwazi samacala.
Uma umshayeli emiswa okwesibili futhi ingilazi ifakwe umbala futhi, khona-ke kuzokwenziwa umthetho olandelwayo ngokumelene naye ngokungalaleli umyalo osemthethweni noma imfuneko yephoyisa (ingxenye 1 ye-athikili 19.3 yeKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha Federation). Ihlinzeka ngesijeziso sama-ruble angama-500-1000 noma ukuboshwa kokuphatha kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyishumi nanhlanu. Ngakho-ke ukuchitha izinsuku ezimbalwa, noma ngisho amasonto esikhungweni esikhethekile sokuboshelwa ukuthayela izimoto kuyithemba langempela kwabaphula umthetho.
Kusukela emlandweni wodaba: ukuthi inhlawulo yokufaka uthayela yamukelwa kanjani Ezweni Lethu
Ngo-2018, amahlebezi mayelana nenhlawulo eyengeziwe yokufaka ama-tining ngokweqile aqina. Lokhu kungenxa yezinhlelo eziningi zomthetho zokuthuthukisa izimoto ezicutshungulwayo e-State Duma. Entwasahlobo ka-2018, isimo sabaningi babo sasuka phansi. Umthethosivivinywa, onyusa inhlawulo yokufaka ama-tin, nawo unjalo.
Inhlawulo yokushayela imoto ene-tint edlula inkambiso eshiwo kumthethonqubo wezobuchwepheshe inqunywa ingxenye 3.1 ye-athikili 12.5 ye-Code of Administrative Offences ye-Federation "Ukushayela imoto lapho kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle noma izimo lapho kusebenza khona. kwezimoto akuvumelekile.” Lesi sihloko sivimbela abashayeli ukuthi bashayele imoto ene-windshield namawindi asemaceleni ambozwe ngefilimu edlulisa ukukhanya okungaphansi kuka-75%. Ikhono lamawindi angemuva nangemuva ukudlulisa ukukhanya alilawulwa.
Kuze kube ngu-2014, amaphoyisa omgwaqo abenamandla asebenzayo kwabaphula umthetho ngendlela yokususa izinombolo. Nokho, ngo-September 2014, Ingxenye 2 ye-Article 27.13 ye-Code of Administrative Offences "Ukwenqatshelwa kokusebenza kwemoto" ayizange isebenze ngenxa yezinguquko emthethweni. Ithuluzi kuphela, futhi elinemibandela kakhulu, kwakuyinhlawulo yama-ruble angama-500.
Ekuphenduleni ukungapheleli kwezinyathelo zesikhashana emaphoyiseni omgwaqo wesifunda saseKrasnodar Territory, Tver, Belgorod kanye nezinye izifunda eziningi, umkhuba wabo wokubhekana nokufaka umbala uthuthukile. Abahloli abasazivumeli izimoto ukuthi zibambe iqhaza kuthrafikhi, ngokusekelwe “Kuzinhlinzeko eziyisisekelo zokwamukelwa kwezimoto ezizosebenza”, ezifakwe ku-SDA. Ukufaka umbala okweqile kuchazwa njengokwenza izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwemoto.
Bakwenza ngezindlela ezahlukene. Uma kutholwa ukwephulwa komthetho emgwaqeni, umhloli ukhipha umyalo wokukumisa. Idokhumenti ichaza umnqamulajuqu wokuqeda ukwephulwa komthetho. Ngemuva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi, umnikazi kufanele anikeze imoto nge-tint esusiwe ukuze ihlolwe ngamaphoyisa omgwaqo. Uma umshayeli enqaba ukulungisa izinguquko, icala lecala lidluliselwa ku-MOTOTRER endaweni yezenzo zokubhalisa zokugcina, lapho kungenziwa khona isinqumo sokukhansela ukubhaliswa. Uma ukuphulwa kutholakala ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa kwemoto, umhloli angase anqabe ukubhalisa futhi akhiphe imibhalo edingekayo.
Akhona namanye amaqhinga. Ngemva kokumisa imoto nge-tining ngokweqile, umhloli, njengasekuqaleni, ukhipha isicelo esibhaliwe kumnikazi ukuze aqede ukuphulwa. Uma, lapho kuhlolwa kabusha, kuvela ukuthi imfuneko ayizange ifinyelelwe, i-Article 19.3 ye-Code of Administrative Offences ye-Federation "Ukungalaleli umyalo osemthethweni wephoyisa" iyasebenza. Isijeziso singase sibe inhlawulo yokuphatha esuka kuma-ruble angama-500 kuye kwayi-1000 noma ukuboshwa ngokokuphatha kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-15.
Ngo-2015, ilungu le-State Duma elivela e-United Our Country, iphini likasihlalo weKomidi le-State Duma Committee on State Construction, u-Vyacheslav Lysakov, uhlongoze ukukhulisa inhlawulo yokwephula izindinganiso zokufaka ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-1,5, futhi uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa okuphindaphindiwe, kuze kufike ezinkulungwaneni ezi-5. Enguqulweni yokuqala, njengesijeziso esiphindaphindiwe, isekela lihlongoze ukuphuca abashayeli amalungelo abo.
Ngo-May 2016, umthethosivivinywa waphasisa ukufundwa kokuqala, kakade ngaphandle kwesigatshana sokuncishwa kwamalungelo, sisuswe ngesicelo sikaHulumeni. Bekulindeleke ukuthi yamukelwe izichibiyelo ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka, kodwa empeleni yahlehliswa unomphela. Ngo-2018, isimo sathatha inguquko entsha.
Ekupheleni kukaJanuwari, imininingwane yokuguqulwa kokuhlolwa kwezimoto okwaqalwa nguMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho egameni likaMongameli Wenhlangano yenziwa umphakathi. Ikakhulukazi, kuhlelwe ukwengeza Ikhodi Yamacala Okuphatha ngesijeziso “sokushayela imoto maqondana nokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe okungakenziwa noma, ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, ukungahambisani nale moto nezidingo zokuphepha kuye kwaba khona. kwambulwa.” Hlobo luni lwezidingo zokuphepha okukhulunywa ngazo, namanje akwaziwa. Manje imithetho yokuhlola ichazwe ku-Decree of the Government of the Federation yango-December 05.12.2011, 1008 N XNUMX. I-Toning ingenye yemingcele okufanele ihlolwe.
Ngo-Ephreli 2018, i-State Duma yaphinde yaqala ukucubungula umthethosivivinywa wokwandisa inhlawulo yokufaka ama-tin ngokweqile. Le phrojekthi yathunyelwa ukuze icutshungulwe kanye nezichibiyelo, umbhali okwakungu Vyacheslav Lysakov. Naphezu kwamahemuhemu nemibiko yabezindaba mayelana "nokwenyuka okuphindwe ka-10 kwenhlawulo yokufaka uthayela," enguqulweni yamanje yomthethosivivinywa, iziphakamiso zobukhulu benhlawulo azishintshile. Lokhu kungama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,5 okulungiswa kokuqala kokuphulwa kanye nama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezi-5 uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa okuphindaphindiwe kungakapheli unyaka.
Umthethosivivinywa unabaphikisi abaningi. Izingxabano zabo ziholela eqinisweni lokuthi ezifundeni eziningi eziseningizimu ukuthayela kuwukuphela kwendlela yokudala izimo ezinethezekile emotweni ehlobo. Abavikeli balo msebenzi bathi izinga lokufakwa kwamafasitela elingemuva alilawulwa, futhi akekho ovimbela izakhamizi ukuthi zenze lezi zimo.