Ficus Benjamin

Kwakusekuqaleni kweSoviet Our Country lapho amaficus ayewuphawu lonxiwankulu. Manje lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. Emazweni ase-Asia, lapho i-ficus ivela khona, ifaka ukubaluleka okukhethekile kuyo. Isibonelo, uma unikeza i-ficus e-China, kusho ukuthi ngokuzenzakalelayo ufisela umnikazi impilo ende nokuchuma. E-Thailand, i-ficus iwuphawu lwenhloko-dolobha yezwe. Futhi eSri Lanka kukhona i-ficus eneminyaka engu-150 ubudala, ehlonishwa cishe njengonkulunkulu.

Futhi izimpawu zasempumalanga nazo zithi: uma unikeza i-ficus kumbhangqwana ongenabantwana, futhi izomila kahle futhi iqale ukukhula ngokushesha, khona-ke ingane elinde isikhathi eside izovela maduze endlini.

- Lapho uthenga i-ficus kaBenjamin, khumbula - incane futhi ihlangene kuphela iminyaka yokuqala eyi-5 - 7, - kuxwayisa. UTatyana Zhashkova, usihlalo weklabhu yaseMoscow Abalimi Bezimbali. - I-ficus yami isivele ineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ubudala, futhi isivele yaba isihlahla esinamandla, esinesiqu esigqamile nomqhele kuze kufike ophahleni. Ngakho-ke zilungiselele iqiniso lokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isilwane sakho singadinga indawo enkulu kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ze-ficus Benjamin

I-Ficus benjamina (i-Ficus benjamina) iyigugu ngenxa yamaqabunga ayo amahle - ezitshalweni zezitshalo ziluhlaza okumnyama, okusaqanda, ubude obungu-5-12 cm no-2-5 cm ububanzi (1). Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zale ficus, okungamangazi - lesi sitshalo sithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi bezimbali. Futhi abalimi, bezama ukujabulisa izicelo, bakhiphe izinketho ezithakazelisa kakhulu:

• Anastasia - ngamaqabunga aluhlaza, ahlotshiswe ngomngcele oluhlaza okhanyayo;
• Baroque - izinhlobonhlobo ezinamahlamvu amancane, lapho amaqabunga asontelwa khona abe yithubhu;
• Buklee – anamaqabunga asontekile kancane ngaphakathi;
• Wiandi - izinhlobonhlobo ezinamahlamvu amancane anamaqabunga aluhlaza kanye nesiqu esisontekile, okwenza lesi sitshalo sibukeke njengebhonsai;
• Inkosi yegolide – inamaqabunga aluhlaza anomugqa ophuzi ogqamile onqenqemeni;
• I-Golden Monique (i-Golden Monique) - enamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani obusagolide, abonakele ngokuqinile emaphethelweni, nemivimbo eluhlaza okotshani okumnyama eduze komthambo ophakathi;
• abacaphuni - izinhlobonhlobo ezikhula kancane ezinamaqabunga akhubazekile kakhulu ngokuvamile amhlophe;
• UMonique (Monique) – enamaqabunga kathayela aluhlaza;
• UNawomi (uNawomi) – enamaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama, anamagagasi kancane emaphethelweni;
• Naomi Gold - amaqabunga awo amancane apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okhanyayo nemivimbo emnyama phakathi, kodwa ngokukhula abe luhlaza;
• Samantha – anamaqabunga aluhlaza ngokumpunga anomugqa omncane omhlophe onqenqemeni;
• safari - izinhlobonhlobo ezinamahlamvu amancane anamaqabunga aluhlaza ahlotshiswe ngamachashazi kakhilimu;
• I-Starlight (Starlight) - enamaqabunga amaningi amhlophe, amahle kakhulu, kodwa ahlekisayo: lapho ephulwa kancane ukunakekelwa, amaqabunga awo ayawa.

UBenjamin ficus unakekela ekhaya

UFicus Benjamin uvame ukuzithoba, kodwa uyazwela ekwephuleni okukhulu kobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Futhi ngokuvamile izinhlobo ezingavamile azinangqondo.

Ground

Umhlabathi we-ficus kaBenjamin kufanele ube ovundile, omanzi futhi uphefumule. Ungathenga inhlabathi yezitshalo ezinamaqabunga okuhlobisa esitolo, kodwa kuyasiza ukwengeza inhlabathi enesoda, isihlabathi, kanye ne-humus yamaqabunga.

Temperature

I-Ficus Benjamin iyi-thermophilic - ehlobo idinga izinga lokushisa elingu-22 - 28 ° C, ebusika libe ngaphansi kancane - 12 - 16 ° C (2). Uma kubanda, lesi sitshalo sizokhipha amaqabunga aso. Futhi akakwazi ukumela uhlaka.

Lighting

Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okusabalele. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile ku-contraindicated kuye, ngakho akanayo indawo kumafasitela aseningizimu nasempumalanga. Kula maphuzu ama-cardinal, kungcono ukuyibeka phansi eduze kwefasitela. Futhi emafasiteleni asentshonalanga nasenyakatho, ingase ikhule kahle efasiteleni.

Kodwa lokhu kusebenza ezinhlobonhlobo ezinamahlamvu aluhlaza. Uma amaqabunga e-ficus ehlotshiswe ngemivimbo emhlophe, amabala noma umngcele ohlanzekile, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe ukuze sigcine umbala. Kodwa noma kunjalo, gwema ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze ungashisi isitshalo.

Umswakama

UFicus Benjamin ngokwezigaba akakubekezeleli kokubili isomiso nokuchichima. Uma kungekho umswakama owanele, amaqabunga aqala ukuphuzi futhi awe ngokushesha. Futhi uma kunomswakama ovamile epanini, isitshalo siqala ukulimaza - izimpande ziyabola. Ngakho-ke, isigamu sehora emva kokuchelela, amanzi amaningi aphuma epanini.

Ebusika, ngamabhethri asebenzayo, udinga ukufafaza isitshalo kaningi kunasehlobo. Ungabeka isitsha samanzi eduze kwebhodwe uma kungekho humidifier. Kodwa ebusika ungakwazi ukuchelela kancane - kanye ngesonto noma ngisho neyodwa nengxenye.

Umanyolo nokufaka umquba

Ehlobo, i-ficus kaBenjamin idliswa kanye njalo emavikini angu-1 ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo zokuhlobisa nezivundile noma ikakhulukazi ama-ficuses. Ebusika, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyadingeka, kodwa kancane kakhulu - izikhathi ezi-2 emavikini angu-1 - 6.

Ukunciphisa

I-Ficus ikhula ngokushesha, amahlumela amancane aguquguquka kakhulu. Futhi uma zingafinyezwanga ngesikhathi, isitshalo sizokwelula kakhulu ngobude. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuyinquma njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi omncane, ungcono. Kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukubumba umdondoshiya oqinile osukhulile.

Ukuthena kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-April. Ngaphezu kwalokho, benza nge-ficus, njengezihlahla zezwe - bafinyeza amagatsha amade ngokweqile, banqume amagatsha aqondiswe ngaphakathi komqhele. Ehlobo, thena noma ncinza amahlumela angaphandle kwesithombe esihle. Ukuthena nokumpintsha kuyeka ekupheleni kukaSepthemba ukuze kulondolozwe umsoco emagatsheni nasemaqabungeni.

Ukuvimbela izifo zesikhunta, izingxenye zingafafazwa ngamalahle acushiwe noma zimbozwe nge-pitch yasengadini.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-ficus Benjamin ekhaya

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokusakaza uFicus Benjamin ekhaya, futhi akekho kubo ongabizwa ngokuthi kulula.

Ukusika. Akudingekile neze ukusika phezulu kuphela kulokhu. Ama-side rails nawo azosebenza. Kodwa kubalulekile ukucabangela ama-nuances ambalwa:

• isitshalo kumele sibe sesivuthiwe;
• isisekelo sesithombo sesikhathi esizayo kufanele sibe ne-semi-lignified, okungukuthi, sisaguquguquka, kodwa singabe siluhlaza (ukusika okuluhlaza ngeke kuthathe izimpande, kodwa kufe nje), noma kunjalo, uma amagatsha ane-lignified etholakala kuphela, khona-ke kukhona ithuba. nabo;
• esibambeni sesiqu kufanele kube namahlamvu ama-4 kuye kwayisi-6 avuliwe.

Ijusi le-milky ekusikeni kufanele ligezwe kahle noma lisuswe nge-napkin, amaqabunga aphansi nawo angasuswa.

Uma kuphela amagatsha e-lignified atholakalayo, khona-ke udinga ukusika ngokucophelela isisekelo sibe izingxenye eziningana ngommese obukhali. Ukuvimbela ukusikeka ekuthinteni, ukufana kungenziwa phakathi kwabo. Ngakho, njengokungathi, sakha izimpande zesikhathi esizayo futhi sikhuthaze ukwakheka kwezimpande.

Ngemuva kwalokho ama-cuttings adinga ukufakwa emanzini, noma atshalwe ku-substrate elula yezithombo noma i-perlite. Uma utshala ama-cuttings enhlabathini, hlela into efana ne-greenhouse, umboze phezulu ngesikhwama sepulasitiki noma inkomishi yepulasitiki ende noma ibhodlela lepulasitiki elisikiwe.

Uma ifulethi lifudumele ngokwanele (lingekho ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C), khona-ke izimpande zakhiwa ngemva kwamasonto angu-2 - 3. Lapho seziqinile (emva kwamanye amasonto ambalwa), ungafaka isiqu endaweni ehlala njalo ebhodweni. Emavikini ambalwa okuqala, usengakwazi ukuqhubeka nomphumela we-greenhouse, umboze isithombo, bese usisusa futhi usithumele "kubantu abadala" ababhukuda.

Izendlalelo. Lolu khetho lufanele isitshalo esidala esidala esingathandi ukwenza amahlumela amancane, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo yonke into imbozwe ngamahlumela ama-lignified omdala.

Ngokucophelela, uzama ukuthi ungathinti izinkuni, yenza ukusika kwe-annular emagxolweni elinye lamahlumela, ususe ngokucophelela ungqimba oluphezulu. Phatha izicubu zezitshalo eziveziwe ngesikhuthazi sokukhula bese usigoqa nge-sphagnum emanzi noma ingxube esekelwe kuso. Lungisa ngokucophelela isakhiwo ngefilimu, uqinise ngokuqinile emaphethelweni ngocingo noma nge-tape.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, izimpande ezakhiwe zizobonakala ngefilimu. Kumele isikwe ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwezimpande futhi itshalwe ngendlela evamile. Indawo esikiwe esitshalweni esidala kufanele iphathwe ngamalahle acushiwe noma i-pitch yasengadini.

Ukufakelwa kwe-Ficus Benjamin ekhaya

Lapho i-ficus isencane, idinga ukutshalwa kabusha kaningi, ngoba izimpande zikhula ngokushesha njengamagatsha. Kunconywa ukufakelwa izitshalo ezincane (ezifika eminyakeni engu-7 ubudala) njalo ngonyaka ngokudluliselwa ebhodweni elikhudlwana (cishe libe ngu-2-3 cm ububanzi, njengoba izimpande zikhula ngenkuthalo).

Izitshalo ezindala zitshalwa kabusha isikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni emi-2 - 3, noma kancane kancane. Qinisekisa ukuthi izimpande aziveli emgodini wokukhipha amanzi - lokhu kuzoba uphawu lokuthi ibhodwe le-ficus yakho selincane kakhulu.

Uma lesi sitshalo sesivele sineminyaka engaphezu kwe-12 ubudala, khona-ke esikhundleni sokufakelwa kabusha, ungamane ubeke ungqimba lwe-substrate ephezulu.

Izifo ze-ficus benjamin

Lolu hlobo lwe-ficus luthambekele ezifweni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuzibona kusenesikhathi ukuze uqale ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi.

Ukubola kwezimpande. Uma izimpande ze-ficus zibolile, amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi ngokushesha, abe mnyama futhi awe. Futhi imbangela yalesi sifo ngokuvamile ukugcwala kwamanzi enhlabathini.

Ukubola kwezimpande kungelashwa kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala. Kuyadingeka ukukhipha isitshalo esithintekile, ukusika zonke izimpande ezibolile, ukugeza izimpande ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate, uyomise, bese utshala ebhodweni elisha nomhlabathi omusha.

Ngokunqotshwa okunamandla, isitshalo asikwazi ukusindiswa. Kodwa ungasika ama-cuttings kuwo bese uzama ukuwaqeda.

I-anthracnose. Izimpawu zalesi sifo sokukhunta amachashaza ansundu emaqabunga. Kancane kancane, ziyakhula futhi zibe njengezilonda. Amaqabunga ewa. Ngomonakalo omkhulu, lesi sitshalo siyafa.

I-Fitosporin noma i-Alirin ilungele ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo (3).

I-Cercosporosis. Lesi futhi isifo sokukhunta, futhi izimpawu zaso zokuqala zivela ngaphansi kwamaqabunga - lawa amachashazi amnyama. Esitshalweni esigulayo, amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi futhi awe, okungaholela ekufeni kwawo.

Lesi sifo singelapheka ngemithi efanayo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-anthracnose - i-Fitosporin ne-Alirin (3).

Izinambuzane ze-Ficus Benjamin

Ngokuvamile, i-ficus kaBenjamin iyathinteka izinambuzane zesikali, i-mealybugs и izibungu zesicabucabu. Ungawaqeda ngosizo lwesidakamizwa esisodwa - i-Aktellika (3). Kodwa esimweni sesinambuzane esikalini noma uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka ngobuningi nezinye izinambuzane, ukwelashwa okuningana kuyodingeka.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Sikhulume ngezinkinga ekukhuleni kwe-ficus Benjamin isazi sezolimo namahlathi uSvetlana Mikhailova.

Imithombo ye

1. I-Visyashcheva LV, i-Sokolova TA Industrial floriculture. Incwadi yezikole zobuchwepheshe // M.: Agropromizdat, 1991 - 368 p.
2. I-Tulintsev VG Floriculture enezisekelo zokukhethwa nokukhiqizwa kwembewu // Stroyizdat, igatsha laseLeningrad, 1977 - 208 p.
3. Ikhathalogi yezwe yezibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali ezolimo avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa endaweni ye-Federation kusukela ngomhla ka-6 Julayi 2021 // Umnyango Wezolimo Wenhlangano, https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii- khimizatsii -i-zashchity-rasteniy/imboni-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/