Umthambo wesifazane (umthambo, osuka ku-Latin arteria, osuka ku-arteria yesiGreek, i-femoral, evela ku-Latin femoralis ephansi) ungomunye wemithambo eyinhloko yezitho ezingezansi.

Isikhundla. Emibili ngenombolo, imithambo yesifazane itholakala ezithweni ezingezansi, futhi ngokuqondile phakathi kwenqulu nedolo (1).

Origin. Umthambo wesifazane ulandela umthambo we-iliac wangaphandle okhalweni (1).

Indlela. Umthambo wesifazane udlula unxantathu we-femoral, owakhiwe ngokwengxenye yi-ligament inguinal. Idlulela emseleni we-adductor, idlulele eduze kwethambo lesifazane ukusuka kunxantathu we-femoral kuya e-adductor tendon hiatus (1) (2).

Ukuqedwa. Umthambo wesifazane uyanqamuka futhi unwetshwa umthambo we-popliteal osuka ku-tendon hiatus ye-adductor (1).

Amagatsha omthambo wesifazane. Endleleni yawo, umthambo wesifazane ukhiqiza amagatsha ahlukene (2):

• Umthambo we-epigastric ongaphezulu uvela ngaphansi komsipha we-inguinal, bese ukhuphuka.
• Imithambo yangaphandle eyihlazo iya esikhumbeni sesifunda se-inguinal. Ziphinde zihambe ngezinga le-labia majora ye-vulva kwabesifazane, nase-scrotum emadodeni.
• Umthambo ongaphezulu we-iliac circumflex ugijima ubheke esikhumbeni se-hip, futhi ikakhulukazi esifundeni somgogodla we-iliac.
• Umthambo we-femoral ojulile uvela cishe ngo-5cm ukusuka emgqeni we-inguinal futhi umele igatsha elibaluleke kakhulu lomthambo wesifazane. Ibe isiveza amagatsha amaningana: umthambo ophakathi ethangeni oyisiyingi, umthambo ongasemuva wethanga, neminye imithambo emithathu kuya kwemine ebhobozayo.
• Umthambo owehlayo wamadolo uvela ngaphakathi komsele we-adductor futhi uhamba uye ezingeni lamadolo kanye nohlangothi oluphakathi lomlenze.

Ukunisela. I-artery femoral ivumela i-vascularization yezakhiwo eziningi ngaphakathi kwezinqulu nezitho ezingezansi, futhi ikakhulukazi ethangeni.

I-Pathologies ethinta i-artery femoral ingabangela ubuhlungu emilenzeni engezansi.

I-Arteritis yemilenze engezansi. I-arteritis yemilenze engezansi ihambisana nokuguqulwa kwezindonga zemithambo, kuhlanganise ne-femoral artery (3). Le pathology idala ukuvinjwa komthambo okubangela ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi nomoya-mpilo. Izakhiwo aziniselwa kahle futhi imisipha ayinawo umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-ischemia. I-Arteritis ivame ukubangelwa ukufakwa kwe-cholesterol ngokwakhiwa kwama-plaque, ama-atheromas. Lokhu kubangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala: i-atherosclerosis. Lokhu kusabela kokuvuvukala kungafinyelela kumaseli abomvu egazi futhi kubangele i-thrombosis.

I-Thrombosis. Le pathology ihambisana nokwakheka kwehlule legazi emithanjeni yegazi. Uma lesi sifo sithinta umthambo, kubizwa ngokuthi i-arterial thrombosis.

I-hypertension. Le pathology ihambisana nokucindezela okwedlulele kwegazi ngokumelene nezindonga zemithambo yegazi, okwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezingeni lomthambo wesifazane. Kungandisa ingozi yesifo semithambo yegazi (4).

Izidakamizwa zokwelapha. Ngokuya ngesifo esitholakele, kungabekwa imishanguzo ethile, ikakhulukazi ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi.

I-Thrombolyse. Kusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokushaywa, lokhu kwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukuphula i-thrombi, noma amahlule egazi, ngosizo lwezidakamizwa.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele kanye nokuvela kwayo, ukuhlinzwa kungase kudingeke. Esimeni sokuqaqamba kwamalunga omzimba, ukubanjwa komthambo wesifazane, ngokwesibonelo, kungenziwa ukuze kuphazamise okwesikhashana ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi (2).

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuze kuhlonzwe futhi kuhlolwe ubuhlungu obubonwa yisiguli.

Izivivinyo ze-Medical imaging. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, CT, CT, kanye ne-arteriography kungasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma kuqhutshekwe nokuxilongwa.

I-Doppler ultrasound. Le-ultrasound ethize yenza sikwazi ukubona ukuhamba kwegazi.

Uma kwenzeka kuba ne-arteritis, ukucindezelwa komthambo wesifazane kungase kwenziwe ukuze kumiswe okwesikhashana ukujikeleza komthambo wegazi (2). Igama elithi “clamping” livela egameni lesiNgisi elithi “clamp” ngokuphathelene ne-clamp yokuhlinza esetshenziswa kule nqubo.